scholarly journals Decreasing the Uncertainty of the Target Center Estimation at Terrestrial Laser Scanning by Choosing the Best Algorithm and by Improving the Target Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannik Janßen ◽  
Tomislav Medic ◽  
Heiner Kuhlmann ◽  
Christoph Holst
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Design Standard ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Angular Direction ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
First Time ◽  
Target Design ◽  
Target Center

During the registration and georeferencing of terrestrial laser scans, it is common to use targets to mark discrete points. To improve the accuracy of the registration, the uncertainties of the target center estimation (TCE) have to be minimized. The present study examines different factors influencing the precision of the TCE. Here, the focus is on the algorithm and the target design. It is determined that, in general, the uncertainties of the TCE are much smaller than those indicated by the manufacturers. By comparing different algorithms for the first time, it was possible to clearly determine that an algorithm using image correlations yields the smallest standard deviations for the TCE. A comparison of different target designs could not identify an ideal commercially available target. For this reason, a new target, the BOTA8 (BOnn TArget with 8-fold pattern) was developed, which leads to smaller standard deviations than the previous targets. By choosing the best algorithm and improving the target design, standard deviations of 0.5 mm in distance direction and 1.2 arcsec in angular direction for a scan distance up to 100 m were achieved with the laser scanner Leica ScanStation P20. The uncertainties could be reduced by several millimetres and angular seconds compared to the manufacturer’s targets and software.

scholarly journals 3D MODELS OF OBJECTS IN PROCESS OF RECONSTRUCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Radović
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Airborne Laser

Within the last years terrestrial and airborne laser scanning has become a powerful technique for fast and efficient three-dimensional data acquisition of different kinds of objects. Airborne laser system (LiDAR) collects accurate georeferenced data of extremely large areas very quickly while the terrestrial laser scanner produces dense and geometrically accurate data. The combination of these two segments of laser scanning provides different areas of application. One of the applications is in the process of reconstruction of objects. Objects recorded with laser scanning technology and transferred into the final model represent the basis for building an object as it was original. In this paper, there will be shown two case studies based on usage of airborne and terrestrial laser scanning and processing of the data collected by them.

scholarly journals Use of a Wearable Mobile Laser System in Seamless Indoor 3D Mapping of a Complex Historical Site

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea di Filippo ◽  
Luis Sánchez-Aparicio ◽  
Salvatore Barba ◽  
José Martín-Jiménez ◽  
Rocío Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Models ◽  
3D Mapping ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
Terrestrial Photogrammetry

This paper presents an efficient solution, based on a wearable mobile laser system (WMLS), for the digitalization and modelling of a complex cultural heritage building. A procedural pipeline is formalized for the data acquisition, processing and generation of cartographic products over a XV century palace located in Segovia, Spain. The complexity, represented by an intricate interior space and by the presence of important structural problems, prevents the use of standard protocols such as those based on terrestrial photogrammetry or terrestrial laser scanning, making the WMLS the most suitable and powerful solution for the design of restoration actions. The results obtained corroborate with the robustness and accuracy of the digitalization strategy, allowing for the generation of 3D models and 2D cartographic products with the required level of quality and time needed to digitalize the area by a terrestrial laser scanner.

scholarly journals The TLS technique as a way of identification and measurement of damaged elements of a historic sacral building

2019 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 08007
Author(s):  
Joanna A. Pawłowicz
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Building Trade ◽  
Measurement Devices ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Cloud Of Points ◽  
Advanced Computer

3D terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is a modern measurement technique which enables to obtain a large amount of data in short time. The gathered data is very detailed, thus the scope of its use is vast. Therefore scanners other measurement devices which results in considerable acceleration of stock-taking work. This approach enables to prepare a documentation of a building or to make an assessment of its technical condition using only a 3D cloud of points. Additionally, flexibility of data and advanced computer programmes make it possible to use such data in many sectors, not only in the building trade. The paper shows the issue of using a 3D terrestrial laser scanner ant the TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning) technique for identification and measurement of damaged elements on the example of a historical sacral building.

scholarly journals Applications Of Terrestrial Laser Scanning And GIS In Forest Inventory

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Cătălina Cristea ◽  
Andreea Florina Jocea
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Processing Data ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Forestry Resources

Abstract During last years the need of knowing the forest in its various aspects, quantitative and qualitative, has enabled the appearance of a new technique forestry geomatics. Named as “the science of future” this technique integrates multiple technologies such as Remote Sensing, Airborne Photogrammetry, LIDAR, Geographic Information System (GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS) or classical geodetic technology for data acquisition, data processing, data analysis and data management. The purpose is to provide specific information regarding the evaluation natural forestry resources. In this paper will be presented the utilization of terrestrial 3D laser scanner and GIS technologies in forestry inventory.

scholarly journals The Development of Terrestrial Laser Scanning Technology And Its Applications in Mine Shafts in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMASZ Lipecki ◽  
Kim THI THU HUONG
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Scanning Method ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Data Capturing ◽  
Proper Operation

Laser scanners are used more and more as surveying instruments for various applications. With the advance of high precisions systems, laser scanner devices can work in most real-world environments under many different conditions. In the field of mining surveying open up a new method with data capturing. Mining industry requires precise data in order to be able to have a as-built documentation of the facility. Nowadays, the mines are increasingly deepened. For the safe operation of the underground mine, special attention is paid to vertical transport and a set of devices supporting it, mounted in mining shafts. All components must meet stringent criteria for proper operation. The classic geodetic measurements and mechanical tests are long-lasting and do not always provide the full range of information needed about the condition of the object. This paper reports about terrestrial laser scanning method and system mobile terrestrial laser scanning, which has been applied at many vertical shafts in mines of Poland for determining geometric deformation of vertical shaft elements. This system gives high precision 1-3 mm in every horizontal cross – section. Processing time is very quickly and need only few staff to implement all system.

scholarly journals Geoarchaeological site documentation and analysis of 3D data derived by terrestrial laser scanning

2014 ◽  
Vol II-5 ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hoffmeister ◽  
S. Zellmann ◽  
K. Kindermann ◽  
A. Pastoors ◽  
U. Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Rtk Gps ◽  
Derived Data

Terrestrial laser scanning was conducted to document and analyse sites of geoarchaeological interest in Jordan, Egypt and Spain. In those cases, the terrestrial laser scanner LMS-Z420i from Riegl was used in combination with an accurate RTK-GPS for georeferencing of the point clouds. Additionally, local surveying networks were integrated by established transformations and used for indirect registration purposes. All data were integrated in a workflow that involves different software and according results. The derived data were used for the documentation of the sites by accurate plans and cross-sections. Furthermore, the 3D data were analysed for geoarchaeological research problems, such as volumetric determinations, the ceiling thickness of a cave and lighting simulations based on path tracing. The method was reliable in harsh environmental conditions, but the weight of the instrument, the measuring time and the minimum measurement distance were a drawback. However, generally an accurate documentation of the sites was possible. Overall, the integration in a 3D GIS is easily possible by the accurate georeference of the derived data. In addition, local survey results are also implemented by the established transformations. Enhanced analyses based on the derived 3D data shows promising results.

scholarly journals Fusion of high resolution remote sensing images and terrestrial laser scanning for improved biomass estimation of maize

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-7 ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hütt ◽  
H. Schiedung ◽  
N. Tilly ◽  
G. Bareth
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
In The Beginning

In this study, images from the satellite system WorldView-2 in combination with terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) over a maize field in Germany are investigated. Simultaneously to the measurements a biomass field campaigns was carried out. From the point clouds of the terrestrial laser scanning campaigns crop surface models (CSM) from each scanning date were calculate to model plant growth over time. These results were resampled to match the spatial resolution of the WorldView-2 images, which had to orthorectified using a high resolution digital elevation model and atmosphere corrected using the ATCOR Software package. A high direct correlation of the NDVI calculated from the WorldView-2 sensor and the dry biomass was found in the beginning of June. At the same date, the heights from laser scanning can also explain a certain amount of the biomass variation (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.6). By combining the NDVI from WorldView-2 and the height from the laser scanner with a linear model, the R2 reaches higher values of 0.86. To further understand the relationship between CSM derived crop heights and reflection indices, a comparison on a pixel basis was performed. Interestingly, the correlation of the NDVI and the crop height is rather low at the beginning of June (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0,4, <i>n</i> = 1857) and increases significantly (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0,79, <i>N</i> = 1857) at a later stage.

scholarly journals DYNAMIC OBJECTS GEOMETRY MEASUREMENT BY LASER SCANNING – A CASE STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kwinta ◽  
◽  
Robert Gradka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Odra River ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Geometry Measurement ◽  
And Control

The objective of the study was to analyse of measurement of moving objects by means of the Total Station (TS) method and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS). The subject of the tests was the “Polinka” gondola cable car over the Odra river in Wrocław. Research covered the basic and control measurements. The results of observations of suspension ropes’ deflection of the cable car in kinematical state were compared for various degrees of loading. During the motion of the gondola, the shape of the pull and supporting rope is subject to constant shifts. TS measurements are restricted solely to registering interim positioning of the points of pull lines (measurement of static objects). Laser scanner measurements may reveal changes in the location of many points (i.e. drive lines, catenaries or carriages) within a unit of time. The tests were designed to show whether it is possible to capture the shifts in geometry of the moving object (mainly by means of the TLS methods - in the course of constant vibrating of lines and during the movement of gondolas). The analyses indicated that it is possible to capture the changes of geometry by means of the TLS method, however, upon strictly specified measurement conditions.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY DATA FOR DOCUMENTATION OF HISTORICAL ARTIFACTS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W1 ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
R. A. Kuçak ◽  
F. Kiliç ◽  
A. Kisa
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Scanning Method ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Historic Structures ◽  
Photogrammetric Method ◽  
Day By Day

Historical artifacts living from the past until today exposed to many destructions non-naturally or naturally. For this reason, The protection and documentation studies of Cultural Heritage to inform the next generations are accelerating day by day in the whole world. The preservation of historical artifacts using advanced 3D measurement technologies becomes an efficient tool for mapping solutions. There are many methods for documentation and restoration of historic structures. In addition to traditional methods such as simple hand measurement and tachometry, terrestrial laser scanning is rapidly becoming one of the most commonly used techniques due to its completeness, accuracy and fastness characteristics. This study evaluates terrestrial laser scanning(TLS) technology and photogrammetry for documenting the historical artifacts facade data in 3D Environment. PhotoModeler software developed by Eos System was preferred for Photogrammetric method. Leica HDS 6000 laser scanner developed by Leica Geosystems and Cyclone software which is the laser data evaluation software belonging to the company is preferred for Terrestrial Laser Scanning method. Taking into account the results obtained with this software product is intended to provide a contribution to the studies for the documentation of cultural heritage.

scholarly journals Reliable Estimates of Merchantable Timber Volume from Terrestrial Laser Scanning

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3610
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Panagiotidis ◽  
Azadeh Abdollahnejad
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Consensus Method ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Forest Inventories ◽  
Random Sampling Consensus

Simple and accurate determination of merchantable tree height is needed for accurate estimations of merchantable volume. Conventional field methods of forest inventory can lead to biased estimates of tree height and diameter, especially in complex forest structures. Terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) data can be used to determine merchantable height and diameter at different heights with high accuracy and detail. This study focuses on the use of the random sampling consensus method (RANSAC) for generating the length and diameter of logs to estimate merchantable volume at the tree level using Huber’s formula. For this study, we used two plots; plot A contained deciduous trees and plot B consisted of conifers. Our results demonstrated that the TLS-based outputs for stem modelling using the RANSAC method performed very well with low bias (0.02 for deciduous and 0.01 for conifers) and a high degree of accuracy (97.73% for deciduous and 96.14% for conifers). We also found a high correlation between the proposed method and log length (−0.814 for plot A and −0.698 for plot B), which is an important finding because this information can be used to determine the optimum log properties required for analyzing stem curvature changes at different heights. Furthermore, the results of this study provide insight into the applicability and ergonomics during data collection from forest inventories solely from terrestrial laser scanning, thus reducing the need for field reference data.

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