scholarly journals Detection and Monitoring of Tunneling Induced Ground Movements Using Sentinel-1 SAR Interferometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Roccheggiani ◽  
Daniela Piacentini ◽  
Emanuela Tirincanti ◽  
Daniele Perissin ◽  
Marco Menichetti
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Satellite Mission ◽  
Tunnel Face ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Persistent Scatterers ◽  
Surface Displacements ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Large Building

SAR interferometry is a powerful tool to obtain millimeter accuracy measurements of surface displacements. The Sentinel-1 satellite mission nowadays provides extensive spatial coverage, regular acquisitions and open availability. In this paper, we present an MT-InSAR analysis showing the spatial and temporal evolution of ground displacements arising from the construction of a 3.71 km overflow tunnel in Genoa, Italy. Underground tunneling can often modify the hydrological regime around an excavated area and might induce generalized surface subsidence phenomena due to pore pressure variations, especially under buildings. The tunnel was excavated beneath a densely urbanized area lying on upper Cretaceous marly limestone and Pliocene clays. Significant cumulative displacements up to 30 mm in the Line of Sight (LOS) direction were detected during the tunnel excavation. No displacements were recorded before until the middle of 2016. The Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI) analysis reveals in high detail the areal subsidence, especially where the subsurface is characterized by clay and alluvial deposits as well as there is the presence of large building complexes. The time-series and the displacement rate cross-sections highlight a clear relation with the tunnel face advancement, responsible for the subsidence phenomena, which proceeded northward starting from the middle of 2016 to the end of 2017. The stabilization occurred in a range of five-six months from the beginning of each displacement phase. Due to the low subsidence ratio the ground settlements did not cause severe damages to the buildings.

scholarly journals Complex Surface Displacements above the Storage Cavern Field at Epe, NW-Germany, Observed by Multi-Temporal SAR-Interferometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3348
Author(s):  
Markus Even ◽  
Malte Westerhaus ◽  
Verena Simon
Keyword(s):  
Ground Truth ◽  
Complex Surface ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Geophysical Modeling ◽  
The North ◽  
Persistent Scatterers ◽  
Surface Displacements ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Pressure Changes

The storage cavern field at Epe has been brined out of a salt deposit belonging to the lower Rhine salt flat, which extends under the surface of the North German lowlands and part of the Netherlands. Cavern convergence and operational pressure changes cause surface displacements that have been studied for this work with the help of SAR interferometry (InSAR) using distributed and persistent scatterers. Vertical and East-West movements have been determined based on Sentinel-1 data from ascending and descending orbit. Simple geophysical modeling is used to support InSAR processing and helps to interpret the observations. In particular, an approach is presented that allows to relate the deposit pressures with the observed surface displacements. Seasonal movements occurring over a fen situated over the western part of the storage site further complicate the analysis. Findings are validated with ground truth from levelling and groundwater level measurements.

scholarly journals Comparison of Tropospheric Path Delay Estimates from GNSS and Space-Borne SAR Interferometry in Alpine Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Wilgan ◽  
Muhammad Siddique ◽  
Tazio Strozzi ◽  
Alain Geiger ◽  
Othmar Frey
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Persistent Scatterers ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Tropospheric Delays

We compare tropospheric delays from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometry (InSAR) in a challenging mountainous environment in the Swiss Alps, where strong spatial variations of the local tropospheric conditions are often observed. Tropospheric delays are usually considered to be an error for both GNSS and InSAR, and are typically removed. However, recently these delays are also recognized as a signal of interest, for example for assimilation into numerical weather models or climate studies. The GNSS and InSAR are techniques of complementary nature, as one has sparse spatial but high temporal resolution, and the other very dense spatial coverage but repeat pass of only a few days. This raises expectations for a combination of these techniques. For this purpose, a comprehensive comparison between the techniques must be first performed. Due to the relative nature of InSAR estimates, we compare the difference slant tropospheric delays ( d S T D ) retrieved from GNSS with the d S T D s estimated using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) of 32 COSMO-SkyMed SAR images taken in a snow-free period from June to October between 2008 and 2013. The GNSS estimates calculated at permanent geodetic stations are interpolated to the locations of persistent scatterers using an in-house developed least-squares collocation software COMEDIE. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient between InSAR and GNSS estimates averaged over all acquisitions is equal to 0.64 and larger than 0.8 for approximately half of the layers. Better agreement is obtained mainly for days with high variability of the troposphere (relative to the tropospheric conditions at the time of the reference acquisition), expressed as standard deviations of the GNSS-based d S T D s. On the other hand, the most common feature for the days with poor agreement is represented by very stable, almost constant GNSS estimates. In addition, there is a weak correlation between the agreement and the water vapor values in the area, as well as with the number of stations in the closest vicinity of the study area. Adding low-cost L-1 only GPS stations located within the area of the study increases the biases for most of the dates, but the standard deviations between InSAR and GNSS decrease for the limited area with low-cost stations.

scholarly journals Coseismic displacements of the 14 November 2016 Mw7.8 Kaikoura, New Zealand, earthquake using an optical cubesat constellation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kääb ◽  
Bas Altena ◽  
Joseph Mascaro
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Surface Displacements ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Optical Satellite Images ◽  
Sentinel 2

Abstract. Satellite measurements of coseismic displacements are typically based on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry or amplitude tracking, or based on optical data such as from Landsat, Sentinel-2, SPOT, ASTER, very-high resolution satellites, or airphotos. Here, we evaluate a new class of optical satellite images for this purpose – data from cubesats. More specific, we investigate the PlanetScope cubesat constellation for horizontal surface displacements by the 14 November 2016 Mw7.8 Kaikoura, New Zealand, earthquake. Single PlanetScope scenes are 2–4 m resolution visible and near-infrared frame images of approximately 20–30 km × 9–15 km in size, acquired in continuous sequence along an orbit of approximately 375–475 km height. From single scenes or mosaics from before and after the earthquake we observe surface displacements of up to almost 10 m and estimate a matching accuracy from PlanetScope data of up to ±0.2 pixels (~ ±0.6 m). This accuracy, the daily revisit anticipated for the PlanetScope constellation for the entire land surface of Earth, and a number of other features, together offer new possibilities for investigating coseismic and other Earth surface displacements and managing related hazards and disasters, and complement existing SAR and optical methods. For comparison and for a better regional overview we also match the coseismic displacements by the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake using Landsat8 and Sentinel-2 data.

SpaCeborne SAR Interferometry as a Noninvasive tool to assess the vulnerability over Cultural hEritage sites (SCIENCE)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasia-Maria Tompolidi ◽  
Issaak Parcharidis ◽  
Constantinos Loupasakis ◽  
Michalis Fragkiadakis ◽  
Pantelis Soupios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Science Project ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Persistent Scatterers ◽  
Great Wall

<p>Cultural heritage is a key element of history as the ancient monuments and archaeological sites enrich today’s societies and help connect us to our cultural origins. The project entitled ''SpaCeborne SAR Interferometry as a Nonivasive tool to assess the vulnerability over Cultural hEritage sites (SCIENCE)'' has as ultimate objective to predict the vulnerability of the archaeological sites to ground deformation in time and space and protect them against natural/man-made damage. The SCIENCE project aims to develop, demonstrate, and validate, in terms of geotechnical local conditions and monuments’ structural health, SAR interferometric techniques to monitor potential ground deformation affecting the archaeological sites and monuments of great importance. </p><p>During the last few years, spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry has proven to be a powerful remote sensing tool for detecting and measuring ground deformation and studying the deformation’s impact on man-made structures. It provides centimeter to millimeter resolution and even single buildings/monuments can be mapped from space. Considering the limitations of conventional MT-InSAR techniques, such as Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI), in this project a two-step Tomography-based Persistent Scatterers (PS) Interferometry (Tomo-PSInSAR) approach is proposed for monitoring ground deformation and structural instabilities over the Ancient City Walls (Ming Dynasty) in Nanjing city, China and in the Great Wall in Zhangjiakou, China. The Tomo-PSInSAR is capable of separating overlaid PS in the same location, minimizing the unfavorable layover effects of slant-range imaging in SAR data. Moreover, the demonstrations are performed on well-known test sites in China and in Greece, such as: a) Ming Dynasty City Walls in Nanjing, b) Great Wall in Zhangjiakou, c) Acropolis complex of Athens and d) Heraklion walls (Crete Island), respectively.</p><p>In particular, in the framework of SCIENCE project are processed several radar datasets such as Sentinel 1 A & B data of Copernicus program and the high resolution TerraSAR-X data. The products of Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI) are exported in various formats for the identification of the persistent scatterers using high resolution optical images, aerial photographs and fusing with high accuracy Digital Surface Models (DSM). In addition, the validation of the results is taking place through in-situ measurements (geological, geothechnical e.t.c) and data for the cultural heritage sites conditions.</p><p>SCIENCE project’s final goal is the risk assessment analysis of the cultural heritage monuments and their surrounding areas aiming to benefit institutions, organizations, stakeholders and private agencies in the cultural heritage domain through the creation of a validated pre-operation non-invasive system and service based on earth observation data supporting end-user needs by the provision knowledge about cultural heritage protection. In conclusion, SCIENCE project is composed by a bilateral consortium of the Greek delegation of Harokopio University of Athens, National Technical University of Athens, Terra Spatium S.A, Ephorate of Antiquities of Heraklion (Crete), Acropolis Restoration Service (Athens) of Ministry of Culture and Sports and by the Chinese delegation of Science Academy of China (Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth) and  International Centre on Space Technologies for Natural and Cultural Heritage (HIST) under the auspices of UNESCO (HIST-UNESCO).</p>

Transient active deformation in Tainan tableland using persistent scatterers SAR interferometry

2013 ◽  
Vol 184 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 441-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Yia Wu ◽  
Jyr-Ching Hu ◽  
Geng-Pei Lin ◽  
Chung-Pai Chang ◽  
Hsin Tung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Uplift Rate ◽  
Active Deformation ◽  
Radar Images ◽  
Persistent Scatterers ◽  
Area North ◽  
Aperture Radar

Abstract Persistent scatterers SAR interferometry (PS-InSAR) was employed to monitor surface deformation in and around the Tainan tableland using 20 advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) images from the ENVISAT satellite taken during the period from 2005 May 19 to 2008 September 25. In our study, we have found that the uplift rate of the northern Tainan tableland is faster than the southern tableland. The slant range displacement (SRD) rate for the area north along the precise leveling array is about 5 to 10 mm/yr with respect to the western edge of the Tainan tableland, whereas the SRD rate for the area south of the leveling array is about 1 to 5 mm/yr. In addition, the uplifted area extends eastward to the Tawan lowland with a maximum SRD rate of nearly 10 mm/yr, which is almost the same as the rate of the Tainan tableland. Results of this study differ from those suggested in previous researches that employed ERS-1/2 radar images taken from 1996 to 1999 and the differential interferometry synthetic aperture radar (D-InSAR) technique. Our findings indicated that the Tawan lowland no longer subsides with respect to the western edge of the Tainan tableland, and that both northern and southern areas are experiencing uplift.

scholarly journals Imaging Multi-Age Construction Settlement Behaviour by Advanced SAR Interferometry

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bozzano ◽  
Carlo Esposito ◽  
Paolo Mazzanti ◽  
Mauro Patti ◽  
Stefano Scancella
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Evolutionary Stage ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Consolidation Process ◽  
Persistent Scatterers ◽  
External Loads

This paper focuses on the application of Advanced Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (A-DInSAR) to subsidence-related issues, with particular reference to ground settlements due to external loads. Beyond the stratigraphic setting and the geotechnical properties of the subsoil, other relevant boundary conditions strongly influence the reliability of remotely sensed data for quantitative analyses and risk mitigation purposes. Because most of the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) measurement points (Persistent Scatterers, PSs) lie on structures and infrastructures, the foundation type and the age of a construction are key factors for a proper interpretation of the time series of ground displacements. To exemplify a methodological approach to evaluate these issues, this paper refers to an analysis carried out in the coastal/deltaic plain west of Rome (Rome and Fiumicino municipalities) affected by subsidence and related damages to structures. This region is characterized by a complex geological setting (alternation of recent deposits with low and high compressibilities) and has been subjected to different urbanisation phases starting in the late 1800s, with a strong acceleration in the last few decades. The results of A-DInSAR analyses conducted from 1992 to 2015 have been interpreted in light of high-resolution geological/geotechnical models, the age of the construction, and the types of foundations of the buildings on which the PSs are located. Collection, interpretation, and processing of geo-thematic data were fundamental to obtain high-resolution models; change detection analyses of the land cover allowed us to classify structures/infrastructures in terms of the construction period. Additional information was collected to define the types of foundations, i.e., shallow versus deep foundations. As a result, we found that only by filtering and partitioning the A-DInSAR datasets on the basis of the above-mentioned boundary conditions can the related time series be considered a proxy of the consolidation process governing the subsidence related to external loads as confirmed by a comparison with results from a physically based back analysis based on Terzaghi’s theory. Therefore, if properly managed, the A-DInSAR data represents a powerful tool for capturing the evolutionary stage of the process for a single building and has potential for forecasting the behaviour of the terrain–foundation–structure combination.

SWOT Mission Capabilities for the Prediction of Flow-Duration Curves: A Global Scale Assessment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Domeneghetti ◽  
Alessio Pugliese ◽  
Attilio Castellarin ◽  
Armando Brath
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Satellite Mission ◽  
Flow Duration ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Flow Duration Curves

<p>The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission will provide high-resolution estimates of riverine water surface characteristics, such as river surface width, elevation and slope. Those parameters will enable a global estimation of river discharges flowing into rivers wider than 100 m, with a temporal resolution varying from 3 to 10 days, in dependence of latitude. Although errors on streamflow estimates are expected to be highly dependent on flow regimes and geomorphic conditions, the mission potential on providing insights on the hydrological regime of inland rivers is still not fully investigated. To this end, in this study we propose a comparison of remotely sensed and empirical period-of-record flow-duration curves (FDCs) on worldwide basis. We used the Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) dataset, the world largest and freely available source of streamflow data. We filtered the original dataset by selecting only those sites that matched 2 criteria: river width larger than 100 m and streamflow time series longer than 10 years of continuous daily discharges. Such dataset query resulted in 1200 gauged river cross-sections readily available to be used for our purposes. To simulate SWOT observations, each record has been reduced following 4 different sampling scenarios, i.e. 3, 5, 7, and 10 days interval for a 3-year moving time-frame (i.e., SWOT mission lifetime). We then corrupted gauged data with random errors sampled from a gaussian distribution having zero mean and 30% standard deviation. For each site, we obtained a set of SWOT simulated FDCs to compare with their empirical counterparts. We found that tropical and temperate climates deliver good estimates throughout flow regimes, whereas, mostly arid climates may have higher uncertainties, especially for high- and low-flows.</p>

Surface displacements of the 2014 Cephalonia (Greece) earthquake using high resolution SAR interferometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Benekos ◽  
Konstantinos Derdelakos ◽  
Christos Bountzouklis ◽  
Penelope Kourkouli ◽  
Issaak Parcharidis
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Surface Displacements

scholarly journals DYKE MONITORIN BY THE MEANS OF PERSISTENT SCATTERING INTERFEROMETRY AT THE COAST OF NORTHERN GERMANY

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B8 ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
M. Seidel ◽  
P. Marzahn ◽  
R. Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Coastal Hazards ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Envisat Asar ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Flood Regulation

40 percent of the world's population are presently living in coastal areas or along the main rivers. Taking into account that the vulnerability of these areas is increasing due to sea-level rise and coastal hazards such as storm surges or extreme rainfall events accompanied with floods, the importance of safety structures such as dykes is increasing as well. Hence, a spatial distributed dyke monitoring should be part of a sustainable adaptation strategy. <br><br> Due to increasing amount of SAR-data from various satellites with high spatial and temporal coverage, the means of SAR-interferometry could be an essential tool to ensure this kind of required monitoring. Given this prospect, Persistent Scattering Interferometry (PSI) will be a very suitable monitoring technique for dyke structures to identify dyke movement with the accuracy of few millimetres. This procedure focuses on pixels that show a stable scattering behaviour in a sequence of multiple SAR-scenes. In opposition to ground-measurements, the spatial coverage of this technique provides comparable results for different parts of the dyke; furthermore weak segments with particular high movements could be identified in advance. This could prevent future dyke crevasses and help to reduce risks in high-populated areas. <br><br> This paper attempts to describe the potential of the PSI technique for a spatial distributed dyke monitoring at the coast in northern Germany. 21 ERS-2 scenes and 16 Envisat ASAR scenes were analysed. Those Scenes cover an area of a sea shore dyke including a flood regulation barrage and results point out the potential for this technique to monitor dyke structures. Even though the observed dyke doesn't show any significant deformation rates, the two datasets show the same signal for the whole dyke.

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