Intensity Data Correction for Long-Range Terrestrial Laser Scanners: A Case Study of Target Differentiation in an Intertidal Zone

Kai Tan; Jin Chen; Weiwei Qian; Weiguo Zhang; Fang Shen; Xiaojun Cheng

doi:10.3390/rs11030331

Intensity Data Correction for Long-Range Terrestrial Laser Scanners: A Case Study of Target Differentiation in an Intertidal Zone

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs11030331 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 331 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kai Tan ◽

Jin Chen ◽

Weiwei Qian ◽

Weiguo Zhang ◽

Fang Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intertidal Zone ◽

Incidence Angle ◽

Spectral Characteristics ◽

Laser Scanner ◽

Indoor Environments ◽

Intensity Data ◽

Improved Method ◽

Long Distance ◽

Target Characteristics

The intensity data recorded by a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) contain spectral characteristics of a scanned target and are mainly influenced by incidence angle and distance. In this study, an improved implementable method is proposed to empirically correct the intensity data of long-distance TLSs. Similar to existing methods, the incidence angle–intensity relationship is estimated using some reference targets scanned in the laboratory. By contrast, due to the length limit of indoor environments and the laborious data processing, the distance–intensity relationship is derived by selecting some natural homogeneous targets with distances covering the entire distance scale of the adopted long-distance TLS. A case study of intensity correction and point cloud classification in an intertidal zone in Chongming Island, Shanghai, China, is conducted to validate the feasibility of the improved method by using the intensity data of a long-distance TLS (Riegl VZ-4000). Results indicate that the improved method can accurately eliminate the effects of incidence angle and distance on the intensity data of long-distance TLSs; the coefficient of variation of the intensity data for the targets in the study intertidal zone can be reduced by approximately 54%. The classification results of the study intertidal zone show that the improved method can effectively eliminate the variations caused by the incidence angle and distance in the original intensity data of the same target to obtain a corrected intensity that merely depends on target characteristics for improving classification accuracy by 49%.

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A Normalization scheme for Terrestrial LiDAR Intensity Data by Range and Incidence Angle

10.31219/osf.io/6vm89 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Sandeep Sasidharan

Keyword(s):

Incidence Angle ◽

Autonomous Vehicle ◽

Laser Scanner ◽

Spectral Information ◽

Intensity Data ◽

Automatic Registration ◽

Terrestrial Lidar ◽

Intensity Information ◽

Laser Scanners ◽

Normalization Scheme

Automatic registration, classification and segmentation of Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) data are of great interest in Geoinformatics & Autonomous vehicle research. Along with dense and accurate 3D geometric data, laser scanners also collect return intensity information. Inclusion of this spectral information has potential to improve the working of the above mentioned processes. However, these intensity values need to be normalized, prior to their use, as they are subject to a large number of errors. This paper presents a technique to carry out normalization of intensity values using the range and incidence angle corrections. The developed approach has been tested on a large number of data and results are found satisfactory.

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Intensity data correction based on incidence angle and distance for terrestrial laser scanner

Journal of Applied Remote Sensing ◽

10.1117/1.jrs.9.094094 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 094094 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Kai Tan ◽

Xiaojun Cheng

Keyword(s):

Incidence Angle ◽

Laser Scanner ◽

Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽

Intensity Data ◽

Data Correction

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Effect of Distance and Incidence Angle on Laser Intensity Data of Building Materials

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.2137 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 638-640 ◽

pp. 2137-2140 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gui Hua Cang ◽

Jian Ping Yue

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Laser Intensity ◽

Incidence Angle ◽

Laser Scanner ◽

Laser Wavelength ◽

Intensity Data ◽

Object Surface ◽

Laser Reflectance ◽

Building Facades ◽

Experimental Survey

3D terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) provides both 3D point coordinates and intensity data of scanned object surface. The intensity data can be used to discriminate different materials, since it partly represents the object reflection characteristic at the laser wavelength. In addition to laser reflectance properties of object, the intensity data is influenced by many other factors, such as instrument mechanism, environmental condition, distance and incidence angle. In this paper, the effects of distance and incidence angle are studied. Except for standard reflector, some building facades of various kind of material were used as experimental samples. Experimental survey find that the intensity is inversely proportional to distance and incidence angle, but their relations do not agree with the theoretical model. Several models were selected to describe the relations between intensity and distance, intensity and incidence angle. The suitability of each model was analyzed by its correlation coefficient.

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DAMAGE DETECTION FOR HISTORICAL ARCHITECTURES BASED ON TLS INTENSITY DATA

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-915-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol XLII-3 ◽

pp. 915-921 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Q. Li ◽

X. Cheng

Keyword(s):

Damage Detection ◽

Incidence Angle ◽

Laser Scanner ◽

Physical Contact ◽

Intensity Data ◽

Geometric Information ◽

Angle Effect ◽

Intensity Images ◽

Historical Sites ◽

Corrected Intensity

TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanner) has long been preferred in the cultural heritage field for 3D documentation of historical sites thanks to its ability to acquire the geometric information without any physical contact. Besides the geometric information, most TLS systems also record the intensity information, which is considered as an important measurement of the spectral property of the scanned surface. Recent studies have shown the potential of using intensity for damage detection. However, the original intensity is affected by scanning geometry such as range and incidence angle and other factors, thus making the results less accurate. Therefore, in this paper, we present a method to detect certain damage areas using the corrected intensity data. Firstly, two data-driven models have been developed to correct the range and incidence angle effect. Then the corrected intensity is used to generate 2D intensity images for classification. After the damage areas being detected, they are re-projected to the 3D point cloud for better visual representation and further investigation. The experiment results indicate the feasibility and validity of the corrected intensity for damage detection.

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Airborne LiDAR Intensity Correction Based on a New Method for Incidence Angle Correction for Improving Land-Cover Classification

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13030511 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 511

Author(s):

Qiong Wu ◽

Ruofei Zhong ◽

Pinliang Dong ◽

You Mo ◽

Yunxiang Jin

Keyword(s):

Classification Accuracy ◽

Incidence Angle ◽

Incident Angle ◽

Laser Scanner ◽

Airborne Lidar ◽

New Method ◽

Forest Monitoring ◽

Measurement Unit ◽

Intensity Data ◽

Corrected Intensity

Light detection and range (LiDAR) intensity is an important feature describing the characteristics of a target. The direct use of original intensity values has limitations for users, because the same objects may have different spectra, while different objects may have similar spectra in the overlapping regions of airborne LiDAR intensity data. The incidence angle and range constitute the geometric configuration of the airborne measurement system, which has an important influence on the LiDAR intensity. Considering positional shift and rotation angle deviation of the laser scanner and the inertial measurement unit (IMU), a new method for calculating the incident angle is presented based on the rigorous geometric measurement model for airborne LiDAR. The improved approach was applied to experimental intensity data of two forms from a RIEGL laser scanner system mounted on a manned aerial platform. The results showed that the variation coefficient of the intensity values after correction in homogeneous regions is lower than that obtained before correction. The overall classification accuracy of the corrected intensity data of the first form (amplitude) is significantly improved by 30.01%, and the overall classification accuracy of the corrected intensity data of second form (reflectance) increased by 18.21%. The results suggest that the correction method is applicable to other airborne LiDAR systems. Corrected intensity values can be better used for classification, especially in more refined target recognition scenarios, such as road mark extraction and forest monitoring. This study provides useful guidance for the development of future LiDAR data processing systems.

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Obtaining morphometric variables from gullies using two methods of interpolation laser scanner data: the case study of Vassouras, Brazil

Journal of Mountain Science ◽

10.1007/s11629-020-6278-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 3012-3023

Author(s):

Carlos Magno Moreira de Oliveira ◽

Márcio Rocha Francelino ◽

Bruno Araujo Furtado de Mendonça ◽

Isabela Queiroz Ramos

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanner ◽

Scanner Data

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COMBINING ORAL TRADITIONS AND BAYESIAN CHRONOLOGICAL MODELING TO UNDERSTAND VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT IN THE GULF OF PAPUA (PAPUA NEW GUINEA)

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/rdc.2020.145 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Chris Urwin ◽

Quan Hua ◽

Henry Arifeae

Keyword(s):

Papua New Guinea ◽

New Guinea ◽

Oral Traditions ◽

Long Distance ◽

Spatial History ◽

The Past ◽

History Of ◽

Gulf Of Papua ◽

The Village

ABSTRACT When European colonists arrived in the late 19th century, large villages dotted the coastline of the Gulf of Papua (southern Papua New Guinea). These central places sustained long-distance exchange and decade-spanning ceremonial cycles. Besides ethnohistoric records, little is known of the villages’ antiquity, spatiality, or development. Here we combine oral traditional and 14C chronological evidence to investigate the spatial history of two ancestral village sites in Orokolo Bay: Popo and Mirimua Mapoe. A Bayesian model composed of 35 14C assays from seven excavations, alongside the oral traditional accounts, demonstrates that people lived at Popo from 765–575 cal BP until 220–40 cal BP, at which time they moved southwards to Mirimua Mapoe. The village of Popo spanned ca. 34 ha and was composed of various estates, each occupied by a different tribe. Through time, the inhabitants of Popo transformed (e.g., expanded, contracted, and shifted) the village to manage social and ceremonial priorities, long-distance exchange opportunities and changing marine environments. Ours is a crucial case study of how oral traditional ways of understanding the past interrelate with the information generated by Bayesian 14C analyses. We conclude by reflecting on the limitations, strengths, and uncertainties inherent to these forms of chronological knowledge.

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