scholarly journals Spatial Patterns of Land Surface Temperature and Their Influencing Factors: A Case Study in Suzhou, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjiu Feng ◽  
Chen Gao ◽  
Xiaohua Tong ◽  
Shurui Chen ◽  
Zhenkun Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
City Center ◽  
Spatial Factors ◽  
Suzhou City ◽  
The City

Land surface temperature (LST) is a fundamental Earth parameter, on both regional and global scales. We used seven Landsat images to derive LST at Suzhou City, in spring and summer 1996, 2004, and 2016, and examined the spatial factors that influence the LST patterns. Candidate spatial factors include (1) land coverage indices, such as the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the normalized difference water index (NDWI), (2) proximity factors such as the distances to the city center, town centers, and major roads, and (3) the LST location. Our results showed that the intensity of the surface urban heat island (SUHI) has continuously increased, over time, and the spatial distribution of SUHI was different between the two seasons. The SUHIs in Suzhou were mainly distributed in the city center, in 1996, but expanded to near suburban, in 2004 and 2016, with a substantial expansion at the highest level of SUHIs. Our buffer-zone-based gradient analysis showed that the LST decays logarithmically, or decreases linearly, with the distance to the Suzhou city center. As inferred by the generalized additive models (GAMs), strong relationships exist between the LST and the candidate factors, where the dominant factor was NDBI, followed by NDWI and NDVI. While the land coverage indices were the LST dominant factors, the spatial proximity and location also substantially influenced the LST and the SUHIs. This work improved our understanding of the SUHIs and their impacts in Suzhou, and should be helpful for policymakers to formulate counter-measures for mitigating SUHI effects.

scholarly journals Spatial Assessment of Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity in the Tropical Littoral City of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Nwaerema ◽  
Ojeh N. Vincent ◽  
C. Amadou ◽  
Atuma, I. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
City Center ◽  
Multiple Wavelength ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Land Surfaces ◽  
The City

The study examined Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Land Surface Emissivity (LSE) in a tropical coastal city of Port Harcourt and its environs. Satellite remote sensing of multiple-wavelength origin was employed to derive data from the Landsat Enhance Thematic Mapper (ETM+). Statistical mean and range were used to show pattern of LST and LSE. The study established the relationship and characteristics of land use land cover, built-up area and influence of population on land surfaces. With population of over 3,095,342 persons occupying surface area of approximately 458,28 Km2, rapid vegetal and water body lost have put the city area under pressure of 4.7°C heat bias at the interval of 15 years. From rural fringes to the city center, LST varies with 9.3°C in wet season and 4.8°C in the dry season. During the dry season, LSE is severe in the southern part of the city contributed by water bodies, more vegetal cover and urban pavement materials. Emissivity in the wet season varied with 0.0136 and 0.0006 during the dry season but differs with 0.0165 between the two seasons. One critical finding is that LSE decreases from the rural fringes to the city center and LST increases from the rural fringes to the city center. It is recommended that urban greening at the city center should be practiced and the rural fringes should be explored by decongesting activities at the city center to the outskirts in order to ameliorate the effects of urban heat bias without further delay.

scholarly journals Impact of Landscape Structure on the Variation of Land Surface Temperature in Sub-Saharan Region: A Case Study of Addis Ababa using Landsat Data (1986–2016)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
DMSLB Dissanayake ◽  
Takehiro Morimoto ◽  
Yuji Murayama ◽  
Manjula Ranagalage
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Gradient Analysis ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Landsat Data ◽  
City Center ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City

Urbanization has bloomed across Asia and Africa of late, while two centuries ago, it was confined to developed regions in the largest urban agglomerations. The changing urban landscape can cause irretrievable changes to the biophysical environment, including changes in the spatiotemporal pattern of the land surface temperature (LST). Understanding these variations in the LST will help us introduce appropriate mitigation techniques to overcome negative impacts. The research objective was to assess the impact of landscape structure on the variation in LST in the African region as a geospatial approach in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from 1986–2016 with fifteen-year intervals. Land use and land cover (LULC) mapping and LST were derived by using pre-processed Landsat data (Level 2). Gradient analysis was computed for the pattern of the LST from the city center to the rural area, while intensity calculation was facilitated to analyze the magnitude of LST. Directional variation of the LST was not covered by the gradient analysis. Hence, multidirectional and multitemporal LST profiles were employed over the orthogonal and diagonal directions. The result illustrated that Addis Ababa had undergone rapid expansion. In 2016, the impervious surface (IS) had dominated 33.8% of the total lands. The IS fraction ratio of the first zone (URZ1) has improved to 66.2%, 83.7%, and 87.5%, and the mean LST of URZ1 has improved to 25.2 °C, 26.6 °C, and 29.6 °C in 1986, 2001, and 2016, respectively. The IS fraction has gradually been declining from the city center to the rural area. The behavior of the LST is not continually aligning with a pattern of IS similar to other cities along the URZs. After the specific URZs (zone 17, 37, and 41 in 1986, 2001, and 2016, respectively), the mean LST shows an increasing trend because of a fraction of bare land. This trend is different from those of other cities even in the tropical regions. The findings of this study are useful for decision makers to introduce sustainable landscape and urban planning to create livable urban environments in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

scholarly journals ANALYSING THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LAND COVER TYPES ON LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE USING SATELLITE DATA

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-1-W5 ◽  
pp. 665-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Şekertekin ◽  
Ş. H. Kutoglu ◽  
S. Kaya ◽  
A. M. Marangoz
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
City Center ◽  
The City

Monitoring Land Surface Temperature (LST) via remote sensing images is one of the most important contributions to climatology. LST is an important parameter governing the energy balance on the Earth and it also helps us to understand the behavior of urban heat islands. There are lots of algorithms to obtain LST by remote sensing techniques. The most commonly used algorithms are split-window algorithm, temperature/emissivity separation method, mono-window algorithm and single channel method. In this research, mono window algorithm was implemented to Landsat 5 TM image acquired on 28.08.2011. Besides, meteorological data such as humidity and temperature are used in the algorithm. Moreover, high resolution Geoeye-1 and Worldview-2 images acquired on 29.08.2011 and 12.07.2013 respectively were used to investigate the relationships between LST and land cover type. As a result of the analyses, area with vegetation cover has approximately 5 ºC lower temperatures than the city center and arid land., LST values change about 10 ºC in the city center because of different surface properties such as reinforced concrete construction, green zones and sandbank. The temperature around some places in thermal power plant region (ÇATES and ZETES) Çatalağzı, is about 5 ºC higher than city center. Sandbank and agricultural areas have highest temperature due to the land cover structure.

scholarly journals The Effect of NDVI and NDBI on Land Surface Temperature in Cirebon City 2015 and 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 13006
Author(s):  
Cantika Liviona D.A. ◽  
Ratna Saraswati ◽  
Adi Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
City Center ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
The City

The development of a city is essentially influenced by the growth and development of the population, where the city as a physical container of urban community activity. Cirebon City is experiencing rapid regional development, such as the access of the Cipali highway which is connected directly to DKI Jakarta (Capital City). Therefore, the city of Cirebon has a relatively high connectivity where the cities cause a movement of people and goods to the city of Cirebon more quickly and more intensely. Since the middle of the 20th century, human activity has been closely linked to global warming that occurred from observations of rising global average temperatures. This study aims to analyze changes in LST in the city of Cirebon. LST was obtained from Landsat images and analysis spatially and temporally. This study also analyzes the effect of NDVI and NDBI with LST in 2015 and 2019 with 93 sample points selected by stratified random sampling and using multiple linear regression methods. Analysis of LST changes is done by overlay method. The analysis showed spatially the city center has a very high temperature. LST changes occur in the city center to the southern part of the city of Cirebon. The results of multiple linear regression tests of land surface temperature are influenced by vegetation density and building density.

Spatial Hotspot Analysis of Bucharest’s Urban Heat Island (UHI) Using Modis Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgiana Grigoraș ◽  
Bogdan Urițescu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
The City

Abstract The aim of the study is to find the relationship between the land surface temperature and air temperature and to determine the hot spots in the urban area of Bucharest, the capital of Romania. The analysis was based on images from both moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), located on both Terra and Aqua platforms, as well as on data recorded by the four automatic weather stations existing in the endowment of The National Air Quality Monitoring Network, from the summer of 2017. Correlation coefficients between land surface temperature and air temperature were higher at night (0.8-0.87) and slightly lower during the day (0.71-0.77). After the validation of satellite data with in-situ temperature measurements, the hot spots in the metropolitan area of Bucharest were identified using Getis-Ord spatial statistics analysis. It has been achieved that the “very hot” areas are grouped in the center of the city and along the main traffic streets and dense residential areas. During the day the "very hot spots” represent 33.2% of the city's surface, and during the night 31.6%. The area where the mentioned spots persist, falls into the "very hot spot" category both day and night, it represents 27.1% of the city’s surface and it is mainly represented by the city center.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variations of Daytime Land Surface Temperature and Their Underlying Drivers over Wuhan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Xuelei Wang ◽  
Xiaobin Cai ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Xiaorong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature Difference ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Rapid urbanization greatly alters land surface vegetation cover and heat distribution, leading to the development of the urban heat island (UHI) effect and seriously affecting the healthy development of cities and the comfort of living. As an indicator of urban health and livability, monitoring the distribution of land surface temperature (LST) and discovering its main impacting factors are receiving increasing attention in the effort to develop cities more sustainably. In this study, we analyzed the spatial distribution patterns of LST of the city of Wuhan, China, from 2013 to 2019. We detected hot and cold poles in four seasons through clustering and outlier analysis (based on Anselin local Moran’s I) of LST. Furthermore, we introduced the geographical detector model to quantify the impact of six physical and socio-economic factors, including the digital elevation model (DEM), index-based built-up index (IBI), modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), population, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on the LST distribution of Wuhan. Finally, to identify the influence of land cover on temperature, the LST of croplands, woodlands, grasslands, and built-up areas was analyzed. The results showed that low temperatures are mainly distributed over water and woodland areas, followed by grasslands; high temperatures are mainly concentrated over built-up areas. The maximum temperature difference between land covers occurs in spring and summer, while this difference can be ignored in winter. MNDWI, IBI, and NDVI are the key driving factors of the thermal values change in Wuhan, especially of their interaction. We found that the temperature of water area and urban green space (woodlands and grasslands) tends to be 5.4 °C and 2.6 °C lower than that of built-up areas. Our research results can contribute to the urban planning and urban greening of Wuhan and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the city.

scholarly journals The Effects of Green Roofs on Outdoor Thermal Comfort, Urban Heat Island Mitigation and Energy Savings

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guglielmina Mutani ◽  
Valeria Todeschi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City

There is growing attention to the use of greenery in urban areas, in various forms and functions, as an instrument to reduce the impact of human activities on the urban environment. The aim of this study has been to investigate the use of green roofs as a strategy to reduce the urban heat island effect and to improve the thermal comfort of indoor and outdoor environments. The effects of the built-up environment, the presence of vegetation and green roofs, and the urban morphology of the city of Turin (Italy) have been assessed considering the land surface temperature distribution. This analysis has considered all the information recorded by the local weather stations and satellite images, and compares it with the geometrical and typological characteristics of the city in order to find correlations that confirm that greenery and vegetation improve the livability of an urban context. The results demonstrate that the land-surface temperature, and therefore the air temperature, tend to decrease as the green areas increase. This trend depends on the type of urban context. Based on the results of a green-roofs investigation of Turin, the existing and potential green roofs are respectively almost 300 (257,380 m2) and 15,450 (6,787,929 m2). Based on potential assessment, a strategy of priority was established according to the characteristics of building, to the presence of empty spaces, and to the identification of critical areas, in which the thermal comfort conditions are poor with low vegetation. This approach can be useful to help stakeholders, urban planners, and policy makers to effectively mitigate the urban heat island (UHI), improve the livability of the city, reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and gain thermal comfort conditions, and to identify policies and incentives to promote green roofs.

scholarly journals Thermal Remote Sensing: A tool to Determine Temporal Land Surface Temperature in Hawassa City, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikias Biazen Molla
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Landsat 8 Oli ◽  
Thermal Remote Sensing ◽  
The City

Abstract This investigation was conducted for the estimation of the temporal land surface temperature value using thermal remote sensing of Landsat-8 (OLI) Data in Hawassa City Administration, Ethiopia. Satellite datasets of Landsat-7 (ETM+) for 22nd March 2002 and Landsat-8 (OLI) of 22nd March 2019 were taken for this study. Different algorisms were used to estimate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index threshold from the Red and Near-Infrared band and the ground earth's surface emissivity esteem is legitimately recovered from the thermal infrared by coordinating with the outcome got from MODIS information. The land use land cover map of the city was prepared with better accuracy using the on-screen classification technique. The spatial distribution of surface temperature of the city range from 6.62°C to 22.54°C with a mean of 14.58°C and a standard deviation of 11.25 in the year of march 22nd 2002. The LST result derived from Landsat 8 for March 22nd, 2019, ranges from 11.97°C to 35.5°C with a mean of 23.735 °C and a standard deviation of 16.64. In both years the higher LST values correspond to built-up/settlement and bare/open lands of the city; whereas, lower LST values were observed in vegetation (trees/woodlot, shrubs, and grass forested) area. Urban expansion (built-up area roads, and another impervious surface), decline in vegetation levels due to deforestation and increasing population density. Increasing an evergreen tree and green space coverage, design and develop city parks and rehabilitate the existing degraded natural environments are among the recommended strategy to reduce the rate of LST.

scholarly journals ZONEAMENTO DAS ÁREAS COM MAIOR PROPENSÃO PARA ADOECIMENTO PELA DENGUE NA REGIÃO INTRA-URBANA DE MONTES CLAROS (MG) A PARTIR DE VARIÁVEIS SÓCIOAMBIENTAIS E GEOESTATÍSTICA

GEOgraphia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (50) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego de Sousa Ribeiro Fonseca ◽  
Ricardo Alexandrino Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
Analysis Application ◽  
The City

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as áreas que têm tido maior propensão para ocorrência de infectados pela dengue na cidade Montes Claros-MG. A metodologia consistiu na aquisição de dados relativos ao número de infectados pela dengue, por bairros, nos anos 2015, 2016 e 2017; obtenção dos Índices Breteaures sobre infestação larvária pelo Aedes aegypti nos respectivos anos; uso de imagens de satélite para estimação da temperatura de superfície (TSE); aquisição de dados sobre elevação do terreno e renda familiar. Posteriormente, foi realizada a organização do banco de dados; emprego da análise descritiva; aplicação da regressão linear múltipla e da interpolação. O uso do modelo regressivo múltiplo, StepWise progressivo, para seleção das variáveis preditoras, com maior poder para explicação dos surtos de dengue ocorridos no período, mostrou-se eficiente, permitindo que fosse operacionalizada a co-krigagem, a qual trouxe as regiões sob maior probabilidade da ocorrência de infectados pela dengue. Genericamente, a infestação larvária pelo Aedes aegypti tem acontecido na porção oeste, enquanto a infecção pela dengue tem maior propensão na porção leste da cidade.Palavras-chave: infectados; infestação larvária; temperatura de superfície; altitude; renda domiciliar. ZONNING AREAS WITH THE BIGGEST PROPENTION TO SICK PEOPLE BY DENGUE IN THE MONTES CLAROS CITY (MG) USING SOCIO ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES AND GEOSTATISTICS Abstract: The objective of this work was to delimitation the determinats areas with the most propention to occurrence of sick peoples by dengue in the Montes Claros city, Minas Gerais. The methodology was consists in the acquisition of databases relateded at infects numbers by dengue, by neighborhoods, betwen the years 2015, 2016 and 2017; obtaining of Breteau Index about larval infestation by Aedes aegypti in the related years; use of satelities imagery to estimation of land surface temperature (LST); acquisition of databases about land elevation and familiar income. In the next time, was realize the organization of databases; employing the descriptive analysis; application of multiple linear regretion and interpolation of files. The use of regressive model, progressing StepWise, to selection of predictive variables, with more po explication power to disease outbreaks in the period, showed efficient, and this was permited the operationabilization of the co-kriging, which brought the regions with the more probability to dengue infectation. Overall, the larval infestation by the Aedes aegypti had happened on the west side, while the infectation by dengue have been more propention on the east side of the city, two portions in different economic situations, where the western part concentrates the population with the highest income. This factor denotes the fragility of the low-income population in terms of public health and their greater lack of strategic attention.Keywords: infected; larval infestation; land surface temperature; elevation; familiar income. ZONIFICACIÓN DE UBICACIONES CON MAYOR PROPENSIÓN PARA DENGUE DENTRO DE LA CIUDAD DE MONTES CLAROS (MG) A PARTIR DE VARIABLES SOCIOAMBIENTALES Y GEOSTATISTICAS Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las áreas que han sido más propensas a la ocurrencia de infectados por la dengue en la ciudad Montes Claros-MG. La metodología consistió en adquirir datos sobre el número de personas infectadas por dengue, en los barrios, en los años 2015, 2016 y 2017; obtención de los Índices de Breteaures sobre infestación larvaria por Aedes aegypti en los años respectivos; uso de imágenes de satélite para estimar la temperatura de la superficie (TS); adquisición de datos sobre elevación del terreno e ingresos familiares. Posteriormente, se organizó la base de datos; se hizo uso de análisis descriptivo; aplicación de interpolación y regresión lineal múltiple. El uso del modelo regresivo múltiple, progresivo StepWise, para seleccionar las variables predictoras, con mayor poder para explicar lo fenómeno de la dengue ocurridos en el período, resultó ser eficiente, permitiendo la operacionalización de la co-kriging, lo que llevó a las regiones bajo mayor probabilidad de personas infectadas con dengue. Generalmente, la infestación de larvas por el Aedes aegypti ha ocurrido en la parte occidental, mientras que la infección por la dengue es más probable en la parte oriental de la ciudad, dos partes en situaciones económicas diferentes, donde la parte occidental concentra la población de mayores ingresos. Este factor denota la fragilidad de la población de bajos ingresos en materia de salud pública y su mayor falta de atención estratégica.Palabras Clave: infectado; infestación de larvas; temperatura de la superficie; altitud; ingresos del hogar.

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