scholarly journals Thermal Energy Release Measurement with Thermal Camera: The Case of La Solfatara Volcano (Italy)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrica Marotta ◽  
Rosario Peluso ◽  
Rosario Avino ◽  
Pasquale Belviso ◽  
Stefano Caliro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Release ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Thermal Anomalies ◽  
Thermal Release ◽  
Reduced Dimensions ◽  
Thermal Cameras ◽  
Main Spot ◽  
Solfatara Crater

Quiescent volcanoes dissipate a large part of their thermal energy through hot soils and ground degassing mainly in restricted areas called Diffuse Degassing Structures. La Solfatara crater represents the main spot of thermal release for the Campi Flegrei volcano (Italy) despite its reduced dimensions with regards to the whole caldera. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to measure thermal energy release extrapolating it from the ground surface temperature. We used imaging from thermal cameras at short distances (1 m) to obtain a mapping of areas with thermal anomalies and a measure of their temperatures. We built a conceptual model of the energy release from the ground to atmosphere, which well fits the experimental data taken in the La Solfatara crater. Using our model and data, we could estimate the average heat flux in a portion of the crater as q a v g = 220 ± 40 W / m 2 , compatible with other measurements in literature.

scholarly journals Spectral analysis of ground thermal image temperatures: what we are learning at Solfatara volcano (Italy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Teresa Caputo ◽  
Paola Cusano ◽  
Simona Petrosino ◽  
Fabio Sansivero ◽  
Giuseppe Vilardo
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Earth Tides ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Thermal Anomalies ◽  
Thermal Cameras ◽  
Infrared Cameras ◽  
Tidal Constituents

Abstract. The Solfatara volcano in the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy), is monitored by different, permanent ground networks handled by INGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia), including thermal infrared cameras (TIRNet). The TIRNet network is composed by five stations equipped with FLIR A645SC or A655SC thermal cameras acquiring at nightime infrared scenes of portions of the Solfatara area characterized by significant thermal anomalies. The dataset processed in this work consists of daily maximum temperatures time-series from 25 April 2014 to 31 May 2019, acquired by three TIRNet stations (SF1 and SF2 inside Solfatara crater, and PIS near Pisciarelli boiling mud pool), and also consists of atmospheric pressure and air temperature time-series. Data pre-processing was carried out in order to remove the seasonal components and the influence of the Earth tides to the selected time-series. By using the STL algorithm (Seasonal Decomposition of Time Series by Loess), the time-series were decomposed into three components (seasonal, trend and remainder) to find seasonality and remove it. Then, a harmonic analysis was performed on the de-seasonalized signals in order to identify and remove the long-period tidal constituents (mainly fortnightly and monthly). Finally, Power Spectral Density was calculated by FFT Matlab algorithm, after applying an acausal Butterworth filter, focusing on the [15–120] d band, to check if characteristic periodicities exist for each site. The reliability and significance of the spectral peaks were proved by statistical and empirical methods. We found that most of the residual periodicities are ascribable to ambient factors, while 18.16 d for Pisciarelli site and 88.71 d for Solfatara have a possible endogenous origin.

The Use of Satellite TIR Time Series for Thermal Anomalies’ Detection on Natural and Urban Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malvina Silvestri ◽  
Federico Rabuffi ◽  
Massimo Musacchio ◽  
Sergio Teggi ◽  
Maria Fabrizia Buongiorno
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Temperature Time Series ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Thermal Anomalies ◽  
Pca Method ◽  
Temperature Time

In this work, the land surface temperature time series derived using Thermal InfraRed (TIR) satellite data offers the possibility to detect thermal anomalies by using the PCA method. This approach produces very detailed maps of thermal anomalies, both in geothermal areas and in urban areas. Tests were conducted on the following three Italian sites: Solfatara-Campi Flegrei (Naples), Parco delle Biancane (Grosseto) and Modena city.

scholarly journals Numerical models for ground deformation and gravity changes during volcanic unrest: simulating the hydrothermal system dynamics of a restless caldera

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Coco ◽  
J. Gottsmann ◽  
F. Whitaker ◽  
A. Rust ◽  
G. Currenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Hazard Evaluation ◽  
Gravity Changes

Abstract. Ground deformation and gravity changes in restless calderas during periods of unrest can signal an impending eruption and thus must be correctly interpreted for hazard evaluation. It is critical to differentiate variation of geophysical observables related to volume and pressure changes induced by magma migration from shallow hydrothermal activity associated with hot fluids of magmatic origin rising from depth. In this paper we present a numerical model to evaluate the thermo-poroelastic response of the hydrothermal system in a caldera setting by simulating pore pressure and thermal expansion associated with deep injection of hot fluids (water and carbon dioxide). Hydrothermal fluid circulation is simulated using TOUGH2, a multicomponent multiphase simulator of fluid flows in porous media. Changes in pore pressure and temperature are then evaluated and fed into a thermo-poroelastic model (one-way coupling), which is based on a finite-difference numerical method designed for axi-symmetric problems in unbounded domains.Informed by constraints available for the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy), a series of simulations assess the influence of fluid injection rates and mechanical properties on the hydrothermal system, uplift and gravity. Heterogeneities in hydrological and mechanical properties associated with the presence of ring faults are a key determinant of the fluid flow pattern and consequently the geophysical observables. Peaks (in absolute value) of uplift and gravity change profiles computed at the ground surface are located close to injection points (namely at the centre of the model and fault areas). Temporal evolution of the ground deformation indicates that the contribution of thermal effects to the total uplift is almost negligible with respect to the pore pressure contribution during the first years of the unrest, but increases in time and becomes dominant after a long period of the simulation. After a transient increase over the first years of unrest, gravity changes become negative and decrease monotonically towards a steady-state value.Since the physics of the investigated hydrothermal system is similar to any fluid-filled reservoir, such as oil fields or CO2 reservoirs produced by sequestration, the generic formulation of the model will allow it to be employed in monitoring and interpretation of deformation and gravity data associated with other geophysical hazards that pose a risk to human activity.

Diffuse CO2 Degassing and Thermal Energy Release from Poás Volcano, Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
pp. 135-154
Author(s):  
Gladys V. Melián ◽  
Nemesio M. Pérez ◽  
Raúl Alberto Mora Amador ◽  
Pedro A. Hernández ◽  
Carlos Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Poas Volcano ◽  
Co2 Degassing

Diffuse volcanic degassing and thermal energy release from Hengill volcanic system, Iceland

2012 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 2435-2448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro A. Hernández ◽  
Nemesio M. Pérez ◽  
Thráinn Fridriksson ◽  
Jolie Egbert ◽  
Evgenia Ilyinskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Release ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Volcanic System ◽  
Volcanic Degassing
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