scholarly journals Cloud Effective Emissivity Retrievals Using Combined Ground-Based Infrared Cloud Measuring Instrument and Ceilometer Observations

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2033
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Yi Wu ◽  
Zhencong Niu ◽  
Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Measuring System ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Effective Emissivity ◽  
Retrieval Method ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Inversion Procedure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Emissivity Measurements ◽  
Good Agreement

In this paper, a new inversion procedure for cloud effective emissivity retrievals using a combined ground-based infrared cloud measuring instrument with ceilometer was developed. A quantitative sensitivity and performance analysis of the proposed method was also provided. It was found that the uncertainty of the derived effective emissivity was mainly associated with errors on the measurement radiance, the simulated radiance of clear sky and blackbody cloudy sky. Furthermore, the retrieval at low effective emissivity was most sensitive to the simulated clear sky radiances, whereas the blackbody cloudy sky radiance was the prevailing source of uncertainty at high emissivity. This newly proposed procedure was applied to the measurement taken in the CMA Beijing Observatory Station from November 2011 to June 2012 by the whole-sky infrared cloud-measuring system (WSIRCMS) and CYY-2B ceilometer. The cloud effective emissivity measurements were in good agreement with that of the MODIS/AQUA MYD06 Collection 6 (C6) cloud products. The mean difference between them was 0.03, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.71. The results demonstrate that the retrieval method is robust and reliable.

scholarly journals Initial Design of Forging Measuring Instrument for Application of Friction Welding

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Bagus Muhammad Fauzi ◽  
Irza Sukmana ◽  
Yanuar Burhanuddin
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Friction Welding ◽  
Load Cell ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Initial Design ◽  
Pressure Test ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Design Result

Friction welding is a metal joining technique without melting beforehand in which the process is to combine the rotation rate in one of the work materials. In the previous studies, the forging pressure parameters used for friction welding did not have a definite reference to the strength of the  joint in friction welding. This project is to make initial design of forging measuring instrument for application of friction welding. The steps include conceptual design, embodiment process, and performance analysis. The conceptual design result includes hollow iron U-shape, telescopic iron, and telescopic iron with screw. The measuring system uses a 500 kg load cell, Arduino Leonardo, HX711amplifier, and data logger. Then, after all components are assembled, the load cell calibration is performed to determine the calibration factor. The next stage is to do pressure test to see the performance of forging measuring instrument of friction welding.

Relation of Statistically Significant, Abnormal, and Typical WAIS-R VIQ-PIQ Discrepancies to Full Scale IQs

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis M. Hsu ◽  
Judy Hayman ◽  
Judith Koch ◽  
Debbie Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
True Score ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Normative Population ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Quadratic Models

Summary: In the United States' normative population for the WAIS-R, differences (Ds) between persons' verbal and performance IQs (VIQs and PIQs) tend to increase with an increase in full scale IQs (FSIQs). This suggests that norm-referenced interpretations of Ds should take FSIQs into account. Two new graphs are presented to facilitate this type of interpretation. One of these graphs estimates the mean of absolute values of D (called typical D) at each FSIQ level of the US normative population. The other graph estimates the absolute value of D that is exceeded only 5% of the time (called abnormal D) at each FSIQ level of this population. A graph for the identification of conventional “statistically significant Ds” (also called “reliable Ds”) is also presented. A reliable D is defined in the context of classical true score theory as an absolute D that is unlikely (p < .05) to be exceeded by a person whose true VIQ and PIQ are equal. As conventionally defined reliable Ds do not depend on the FSIQ. The graphs of typical and abnormal Ds are based on quadratic models of the relation of sizes of Ds to FSIQs. These models are generalizations of models described in Hsu (1996) . The new graphical method of identifying Abnormal Ds is compared to the conventional Payne-Jones method of identifying these Ds. Implications of the three juxtaposed graphs for the interpretation of VIQ-PIQ differences are discussed.

Measurements of the excess volume of benzene-methanol, benzene-acetonitrile and methanol-acetonitrile mixtures by a vibrating-tube densimeter

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Cibulka ◽  
Vladimír Hynek ◽  
Robert Holub ◽  
Jiří Pick
Keyword(s):  
Excess Volume ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Mean Error ◽  
Shaped Tube ◽  
Underlying Principle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vibrating Tube Densimeter

A digital vibrating-tube densimeter was constructed for measuring the density of liquids at several temperatures. The underlying principle of the apparatus is the measurement of the period of eigen-vibrations of a V-shaped tube; the second power of the period of the vibrations is proportional to the density of the liquid in the tube. The temperature of the measuring system is controlled by an electronic regulator. The mean error in the density measurement is approximately ±1 . 10-5 g cm-3 at 25 °C and ±2 . 10-5 g cm-3 at 40 °C. The apparatus was used for an indirect measurement of the excess volume, tested with the benzene-cyclohexane system and further used for determining the excess volume of the benzene-methanol, benzene-acetonitrile and methanol-acetonitrile systems at 25 and 40 °C.

The Safety and Antimicrobial Properties of Stabilized Hypochlorous Acid in Acetic Acid Buffer for the Treatment of Acute Wounds—a Human Pilot Study and In Vitro Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 153473462110156
Author(s):  
Ewa A. Burian ◽  
Lubna Sabah ◽  
Klaus Kirketerp-Møller ◽  
Elin Ibstedt ◽  
Magnus M. Fazli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Wound Irrigation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance

Acute wounds may require cleansing to reduce the risk of infection. Stabilized hypochlorous acid in acetic buffer (HOCl + buffer) is a novel wound irrigation solution with antimicrobial properties. We performed a first-in-man, prospective, open-label pilot study to document preliminary safety and performance in the treatment of acute wounds. The study enrolled 12 subjects scheduled for a split-skin graft transplantation, where the donor site was used as a model of an acute wound. The treatment time was 75 s, given on 6 occasions. A total of 7 adverse events were regarded as related to the treatment; all registered as pain during the procedure for 2 subjects. One subject had a wound infection at the donor site. The mean colony-forming unit (CFU) decreased by 41% after the treatment, and the mean epithelialization was 96% on both days 14 (standard deviation [SD] 8%) and 21 (SD 10%). The study provides preliminary support for the safety, well-tolerance, and efficacy of HOCl + buffer for acute wounds. The pain was frequent although resolved quickly. Excellent wound healing and satisfying antimicrobial properties were observed. A subsequent in vitro biofilm study also indicated good antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a 96% mean reduction of CFU, when used for a treatment duration of 15 min ( P < .0001), and a 50% decrease for Staphylococcus aureus ( P = .1010). Future larger studies are needed to evaluate the safety and performance of HOCl + buffer in acute wounds, including the promising antimicrobial effect by prolonged treatment on bacterial biofilms.

scholarly journals Novel Hexagonal Dual-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide Filter with Source-Load Coupling

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ziqiang Xu ◽  
Gen Zhang ◽  
Hong Xia ◽  
Meijuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Center Frequency ◽  
Substrate Integrated Waveguide ◽  
Fractional Bandwidth ◽  
Dual Mode ◽  
Transmission Zeros ◽  
Cavity Structure ◽  
Waveguide Filter ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Single Cavity ◽  
Good Agreement

Hexagonal dual-mode cavity and its application to substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filter are presented. The hexagonal SIW resonator which can combine flexibility of rectangular cavity and performance of circular cavity is convenient for dual-mode bandpass filters design. By introducing coupling between source and load, the filter not only has good selectivity due to two controllable transmission zeros, but also has a small size by the virtue of its single-cavity structure. A demonstration filter with a center frequency of 10 GHz and a 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 4% is designed and fabricated to validate the proposed structure. Measured results are in good agreement with simulated ones.

Computational Investigation of Different Turbulent Models When Predicting Airflow in an Enclosure

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Wang ◽  
Hassan Naji ◽  
Ahmed Mezrhab
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Turbulent Stress ◽  
Computational Investigation ◽  
Isothermal Case ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Turbulent Models ◽  
Rsm Model ◽  
Cold Case ◽  
Good Agreement

In the present study, a numerical investigation is carried out for an isothermal case, a hot case and a cold case with FLUENT code. Three turbulence models are considered: the k-ε realisable model, the RNG k-ε model and the RSM linear model. The obtained results are compared to experiments and show generally a good agreement for the mean velocities and temperatures, but less satisfactory for the turbulent stress. The performance of the RSM model is remarkable. Even if none of the models is able to give the exact experimental pattern on the map of turbulence, the RSM model seems able to predict such configuration.

Simultaneous Measurements of Droplet Size, Temperature, and Velocity Using an Integrated Phase-Doppler/Rainbow Thermometer

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt O’ Donnell ◽  
Sumanta Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Droplet Temperature ◽  
Radial Temperature ◽  
Temperature Correlation ◽  
Simultaneous Measurements ◽  
Laser Diagnostic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance

Abstract This work summarizes efforts to determine the accuracy and performance characteristics of a new and novel laser diagnostic to measure instantaneous, in flight, droplet temperatures. The instrument uses the location of the rainbow peak to deduce the refractive index of the droplet, which in turn is related to the droplet temperature. Preliminary experiments were undertaken in order to understand the fundamental operating principles and limitations of the instrument. These experiments measured the temperature of an isothermal, single stream of monodisperse droplets. These measurements indicate that the mean refractive index can be measured with a standard deviation as low as 0.0001m. Once the operation of the refractometer was proved under isothermal conditions, the measurement of droplet temperatures in a swirl-stabilized combustor was performed. These measurements indicate that the strength of the rainbow signal is significantly hampered by the noise induced by the flame. Preliminary temperature measurements with the combustor equipped with 45° vanes showed relatively constant radial temperature profiles (∼55–60°C) at locations less than 2 inches from the nozzle exit. A detailed examination of the temperature correlation with velocity and diameter revealed that larger and faster moving droplets dominate the distributions. Thus, the smaller droplets that are suspected of having the highest temperatures are inadequately represented in the mean droplet temperature.

Respiratory Exchange and Body Size in the Aldabra Giant Tortoise

1971 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. HUGHES ◽  
R. GAYMER ◽  
MARGARET MOORE ◽  
A. J. WOAKES
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
The Body ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Testudo Hermanni ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Good Agreement

1. The O2 consumption and CO2 release of nine giant tortoises Testudo gigantea (weight range 118 g-35·5 kg) were measured at a temperature of about 25·5°C. Four European tortoises Testudo hermanni (weight range 640 g-2·16 kg) were also used. The mean RQ values obtained were 1·01 for T. gigantea and 0·97 for T. hermanni. These values were not influenced by activity or size. 2. The data was analysed by plotting log/log regression lines relating body weight to O2 consumption. Both maximum and minimum metabolic rates recorded for each individual T. gigantea showed a negative correlation with body weight. For active rates the relation was O2 consumption = 140·8W0·97, whereas for inactive animals O2 consumption = 45·47W0·82. 3. The maximum rates were obtained from animals that were observed to be active in the respirometer and the minimum rates from animals that remained quiet throughout. The scope for activity increased with body size, being 82 ml/kg/h for animals of 100 g and 103 ml/kg/h for 100 kg animals. The corresponding ratio between maximum and minimum rates increases from about 2 to 6 for the same weight range. 4. Values for metabolic rate in T. hermanni seem to be rather lower than in T. gigantea. Analysis of the relative proportion of the shell and other organs indicates that the shell forms about 31% of the body weight in adult T. hermanni but only about 18% in T. gigantea of similar size. The shell is not appreciably heavier in adult T. gigantea (about 20%). 5. Data obtained for inactive animals is in good agreement with results of other workers using lizards and snakes. Previous evidence suggesting that chelonians show no reduction in metabolic rate with increasing size is not considered to conflict with data obtained in the present work.

Carbohydrate Drink Use During 30 Minutes of Variable-Intensity Exercise Has No Effect on Exercise Performance in Premenarchal Girls

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
C. Eric Heidorn ◽  
Brandon J. Dykstra ◽  
Cori A. Conner ◽  
Anthony D. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Fatigue Index ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Variable Intensity ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Power Peak ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance

Purpose: This study examined the physiological, perceptual, and performance effects of a 6% carbohydrate (CHO) drink during variable-intensity exercise (VIE) and a postexercise test in premenarchal girls. Methods: A total of 10 girls (10.4 [0.7] y) participated in the study. VO2peak was assessed, and the girls were familiarized with VIE and performance during the first visit. The trial order (CHO and placebo) was randomly assigned for subsequent visits. The drinks were given before VIE bouts and 1-minute performance (9 mL/kg total). Two 15-minute bouts of VIE were completed (10 repeated sequences of 20%, 55%, and 95% power at VO2peak and maximal sprints) before a 1-minute performance sprint. Results: The mean power, peak power, heart rate (HR), %HRpeak, and rating of perceived exertion during VIE did not differ between trials. However, the peak power decreased, and the rating of perceived exertion increased from the first to the second bout. During the 1-minute performance, there were no differences between the trial (CHO vs placebo) for HR (190 [9] vs 189 [9] bpm), %HRpeak (97.0% [3.2%] vs 96.6% [3.0%]), rating of perceived exertion (7.8 [2.3] vs 8.1 [1.9]), peak power (238 [70] vs 235 [60] W), fatigue index (54.7% [10.0%] vs 55.9% [12.8%]), or total work (9.4 [2.6] vs 9.4 [2.1] kJ). Conclusion: CHO supplementation did not alter physiological, perceptual, or performance responses during 30 minutes of VIE or postexercise sprint performance in premenarchal girls.

Correlation between the sea level muon spectrum and the primary nucleon spectrum using the Cocconi–Koester–Perkins model

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 921-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Chakrabarti ◽  
A. K. Das ◽  
A. K. De
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Pion Production ◽  
Spectral Shape ◽  
Muon Spectrum ◽  
Proton Proton ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Nucleon Spectrum ◽  
Scaling Models ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Good Agreement

Using the recent ISR data of proton–proton interactions on the inclusive production of pions and nucleons, realistic values of the mean pion inelasticity Kπ and the mean nucleon inelasticity KT have been estimated. These values have been used for the derivation of the sea level differential muon spectrum from the primary nucleon spectrum and vice versa using the CKP model as an extension of the work presented in an earlier article. It is found that none of the measured primary nucleon spectra of Ryan, Ormes, and Balasubrahmanyan and Grigorov, Rapoport, and Shestoperov fit any of the precisely measured muon spectra of Ayre, Baxendale, Hume, Nandi, Thompson, and Whalley and Allkofer, Carstensen, and Dau in spectral shape or the absolute value. On the other hand good agreement between the derived muon spectra and the spectra of Allkofer et al. and Ayre et al. is found if the primary nucleon spectra of the forms, N(Ep) = (1.38 ± 0.08)Ep−2.59 and N(Ep) = (1.00 ± 0.10)Ep−2.55, respectively, are assumed. The first form is comparable with that obtained by Brooke, Hayman, Kamiya, and Wolfendale following more approximate but similar procedure. It is also not unjustified when compared with the measured primary all nuclei spectrum of Grigorov et al. in the light of suggestions made by Ellsworth, Ito, Macfall, Siohan, Streitmatter, Tonwar, Vishwanath, Yodh, and Balasubrahmanyan. By comparing the pion production spectra derived from the same primary nucleon spectrum but using the CKP and the scaling models, it is concluded that the results are sensitive to the model assumed for the collisions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document