scholarly journals Urbanization and Spillover Effect for Three Megaregions in China: Evidence from DMSP/OLS Nighttime Lights

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxin Zhang ◽  
Shan Guo ◽  
Yanning Guan ◽  
Danlu Cai ◽  
Chunyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Core Function ◽  
Positive Spillover ◽  
The Future ◽  
Fast Development

Urbanization drives human social development and natural environmental changes and shows complex implications for sustainability and challenges of future development, particularly in emerging countries. While extensive studies focus on extracting urban areas more precisely, less attention has been devoted to understand megaregion evolution and its related socioeconomic processes, not by socioeconomic statistics, but by comparing remote sensing based spatiotemporal evolution and the related spillover effect. Three main megaregions (with large area, high population and total gross domestic product) in China are selected for the analysis of development changes in an urbanization (magnitude, development)-diagram, of growth pattern changes based on Gravity Center and weighted Standard Deviation Ellipses and of the megaregions’ spillover effect. Employing the spatiotemporally continuous lighted areas (DN ≥ 12) from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) nighttime signal (1992–2013) to the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) leads to the following results: (i) Developments in the (magnitude, development)-diagram indicate 25.97%, 45.95%, and 39.10% of the first (high urbanization, fast development) class of the BTH, YRD, and PRD megaregions are rapidly developing into highly urbanized regions. The first class may slow down in the future like the second (high urbanization, slow development) class acting from 1992 to 2013, and the third (moderate urbanization, fast development) class shows potential to become the first class in the future. (ii) The original core function zones of YRD and PRD have highly developed till 1992 and expanding out with fast development from 1992 to 2013. Contrarily, BTH indicates more fast development toward the original core function zones while spatial expansion. (iii) The gravity distance evolution of the three megaregions shows a tendency towards the geometric distance 2013. However, YRD and PRD (BTH) indicate a light intensity expansion (concentration). This may relate to a positive spillover effect of YRD and PRD upon their neighbor cities, with the strongest signal in the early 21st Century and thereafter adjusting and followed by another positive spillover.

PENDEKATAN EVERYDAYNESS DALAM PERANCANGAN HUNIAN PERTANIAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Jonathan Marcelino Alexander ◽  
Nina Carina
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Food Crisis ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
The Future ◽  
The City

The food crisis is one of the issues that is currently being discussed and is predicted to occur in the future, even though Indonesia itself is an agricultural country, the food crisis cannot be avoided if it is not addressed from now on. The development and population growth of the Indonesian population, especially Jabodetabek, has made the need for food to continue to increase while the availability of land is decreasing. As a result of population growth, the need for land for housing and other activities is getting higher so that land for agriculture is increasingly displaced and away from cities. The farmer profession is also under threat due to the slow development of technology in the food sector. The future of Dwelling discusses the human lifestyle, which is affected by many factors that exist in the present. Cilincing Agro Residence is here as The Future of Dwelling and a solution to the problems of land, food, and the farmer profession itself. The lifestyle changes that have occurred in cities due to Covid-19 has shown people's interest in the process of farming. Technology helps greatly to work as a farmer so that he can now do the process of farming in the middle of the city. This project aims to bring the food supply process closer to urban areas so that it is closer to consumers, and the process is faster and more efficient. Located in the Cilincing area with the existing industrial area, warehousing, and rice fields that will develop into the Marunda economic center and residential area. This project exists as an example of modern agriculture in economic centers and settlements to achieve food security on an environmental to the urban scale. Keywords: Dwelling; Food crisis; Food security; House farming AbstrakKrisis pangan menjadi salah satu isu yang ramai dibahas saat ini dan diprediksi akan terus terjadi di masa mendatang. Walaupun Indonesia merupakan negara agraris, krisis pangan tidak dapat dihindari jika tidak ditanggapi dari sekarang. Perkembangan dan pertumbuhan populasi penduduk Indonesia khususnya Jabodetabek, membuat kebutuhan pangan terus meningkat sementara ketersediaan lahan semakin sedikit. Akibat dari pertumbuhan populasi, kebutuhan lahan untuk tempat tinggal dan aktivitas lainnya semakin tinggi sehingga lahan untuk pertanian semakin tergeser dan jauh dari kota. Profesi petani juga terancam karena lambatnya perkembangan teknologi di sektor pangan. Masa depan berhuni membahas mengenai gaya hidup manusia, yang terdampak oleh banyak faktor yang ada di masa sekarang. Cilincing Agro Residence hadir sebagai masa depan berhuni dan solusi dari masalah lahan, pangan, dan profesi petani itu sendiri. Perubahan gaya hidup yang terjadi di perkotaan akibat Covid-19 memperlihatkan ketertarikan masyarakat dalam proses bercocok tanam. Pekerjaan sebagai petani sangat terbantu dengan teknologi sehingga kini dapat melakukan proses bercocok tanam di tengah kota. Proyek ini bertujuan untuk mendekatkan proses penyediaan bahan pangan ke area perkotaan, sehingga lebih dekat kepada konsumen, prosesnya pun lebih cepat dan efisien. Berlokasi di kawasan Cilincing yang merupakan kawasan industri, pergudangan dan persawahan akan berkembang menjadi pusat ekonomi Marunda dan daerah permukiman. Proyek ini hadir sebagai contoh pertanian modern di pusat ekonomi dan permukiman untuk mencapai sekuritas pangan dalam skala lingkungan hingga kota.

Effect of Urbanization on Precipitation in Yangtze River Delta

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 1032-1039
Author(s):  
Ming Nan Yang ◽  
You Peng Xu ◽  
Jin Jia Ding
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The City

Taking Yangtze River delta(YRD) as the typical region, on basis of daily rainfall data from 1961 to 2006, this paper made contrastive analysis of annual and flood season precipitation between cities and suburbs in the study area with the method of statistical analysis，linear regression and R/S method. The results showed that 1) on the scale of region, for the area with relatively rapid development of urbanization, increasing trend of rainfall in urban areas was more than that of suburban areas, while for the areas with relatively slow development of urbanization, the gap was not obvious; 2) on the scale of city, for the city with relatively rapid development of urbanization, the increase amplitude of rainfall and urban-suburban gap were both obvious, for which with relatively slow development of urbanization, both were not obvious. This study can provide a reference for the analysis of urbanization.

scholarly journals Electric Mobility in Cities: The Case of Vienna

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Amela Ajanovic ◽  
Marina Siebenhofer ◽  
Reinhard Haas
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Electric Mobility ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
The Future ◽  
Historical Developments

Environmental problems such as air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions are especially challenging in urban areas. Electric mobility in different forms may be a solution. While in recent years a major focus was put on private electric vehicles, e-mobility in public transport is already a very well-established and mature technology with a long history. The core objective of this paper is to analyze the economics of e-mobility in the Austrian capital of Vienna and the corresponding impact on the environment. In this paper, the historical developments, policy framework and scenarios for the future development of mobility in Vienna up to 2030 are presented. A major result shows that in an ambitious scenario for the deployment of battery electric vehicles, the total energy demand in road transport can be reduced by about 60% in 2030 compared to 2018. The major conclusion is that the policies, especially subsidies and emission-free zones will have the largest impact on the future development of private and public e-mobility in Vienna. Regarding the environmental performance, the most important is to ensure that a very high share of electricity used for electric mobility is generated from renewable energy sources.

scholarly journals Taking Implementation Seriously in the Evaluation of Urban Growth Management Strategies: “Safeguarding the Future” of the Antwerp City-Region

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Clemens de Olde ◽  
Stijn Oosterlynck
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Growth Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Land Values ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
The Future ◽  
Urban Growth Management

Contemporary evaluations of urban growth management (UGM) strategies often take the shape of quantitative measurements of land values and housing prices. In this paper, we argue that it is of key importance that these evaluations also analyse the policy formulation and implementation phases of growth management strategies. It is in these phases that the institutions and discourses are (trans)formed in which UGM strategies are embedded. This will enable us to better understand the conditions for growth management policies’ success or failure. We illustrate this point empirically with the case of demarcating urban areas in the region of Flanders, Belgium. Using the Policy Arrangement Approach, the institutional dynamics and discursive meanings in this growth instrument’s formulation and implementation phase are unravelled. More specifically, we explain how the Flemish strategic spatial planning vision of restraining sprawl was transformed into one of accommodating growth in the demarcation of the Antwerp Metropolitan Area, epitomised by two different meanings of the phrase “safeguarding the future.” In conclusion, we argue that, in Antwerp, the demarcation never solidified into a stable policy arrangement, rendering it largely ineffective. We end by formulating three recommendations to contribute to future attempts at managing urban growth in Flanders.

scholarly journals The Awareness of and Input into Cultural Heritage Preservation by Urban Planners and Other Municipal Actors in Light of Climate Change

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 726
Author(s):  
Paul Carroll ◽  
Eeva Aarrevaara
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Heritage Preservation ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cultural Heritage Preservation

Future climate conditions need to be considered in planning for urban areas. As well as considering how new structures would best endure in the future, it is important to take into account factors that contribute to the degradation of cultural heritage buildings in the urban setting. Climate change can cause an increase in structural degradation. In this paper, a review of both what these factors are and how they are addressed by urban planners is presented. A series of inquiries into the topic was carried out on town planning personnel and those involved in cultural heritage preservation in several towns and cities in Finland and in a small number of other European countries. The target group members were asked about observed climate change impacts on cultural heritage, about present steps being taken to protect urban cultural heritage, and also their views were obtained on how climate change impacts will be emphasised in the future in this regard. The results of the inquiry demonstrate that climate change is still considered only in a limited way in urban planning, and more interaction between different bodies, both planning and heritage authorities, as well as current research on climate change impacts, is needed in the field.

scholarly journals The effects of global changes upon regional ozone pollution in the United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chen ◽  
J. Avise ◽  
B. Lamb ◽  
E. Salathé ◽  
C. Mass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Case

Abstract. A comprehensive numerical modeling framework was developed to estimate the effects of collective global changes upon ozone pollution in the US in 2050. The framework consists of the global climate and chemistry models, PCM (Parallel Climate Model) and MOZART-2 (Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers v.2), coupled with regional meteorology and chemistry models, MM5 (Mesoscale Meteorological model) and CMAQ (Community Multi-scale Air Quality model). The modeling system was applied for two 10-year simulations: 1990–1999 as a present-day base case and 2045–2054 as a future case. For the current decade, the daily maximum 8-h moving average (DM8H) ozone mixing ratio distributions for spring, summer and fall showed good agreement with observations. The future case simulation followed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) A2 scenario together with business-as-usual US emission projections and projected alterations in land use, land cover (LULC) due to urban expansion and changes in vegetation. For these projections, US anthropogenic NOx (NO+NO2) and VOC (volatile organic carbon) emissions increased by approximately 6% and 50%, respectively, while biogenic VOC emissions decreased, in spite of warmer temperatures, due to decreases in forested lands and expansion of croplands, grasslands and urban areas. A stochastic model for wildfire emissions was applied that projected 25% higher VOC emissions in the future. For the global and US emission projection used here, regional ozone pollution becomes worse in the 2045–2054 period for all months. Annually, the mean DM8H ozone was projected to increase by 9.6 ppbv (22%). The changes were higher in the spring and winter (25%) and smaller in the summer (17%). The area affected by elevated ozone within the US continent was projected to increase; areas with levels exceeding the 75 ppbv ozone standard at least once a year increased by 38%. In addition, the length of the ozone season was projected to increase with more pollution episodes in the spring and fall. For selected urban areas, the system projected a higher number of pollution events per year and these events had more consecutive days when DM8H ozone exceed 75 ppbv.

Does candidate nomination in districts increase party votes of small parties? Evidence from the 2016 Taiwan legislative elections

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-473
Author(s):  
Ching-Hsing Wang ◽  
Dennis Lu-Chung Weng ◽  
Vincent Wei-Cheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Proportional Representation ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Contamination Effect ◽  
Positive Spillover ◽  
Strategic Entry ◽  
Mixed Electoral System ◽  
Western Democracies ◽  
Legislative Election

AbstractThis study addresses why small parties nominate candidates to run in the district elections and how nomination of district candidates could influence small parties’ share of party votes in Taiwan. Previous studies on party's strategic entry in the mixed electoral system demonstrate the existence of ‘contamination effect’ in various Western democracies. While ‘contamination effect’ suggests that party would gain more proportional representation (PR) seats by increasing its number of candidate nomination in the single-member-district (SMD) races, we contend that small parties should also take the strength of nominated candidates into consideration. Nominating strong candidates in SMD competitions could generate positive ‘spillover effect’ to party's PR tier. By focusing on the 2016 Taiwan legislative election, our findings suggest that first, small parties need to fulfill the institutional requirements in order to qualify for running in the party-list election; second, the ‘contamination effect’ exists in Taiwan, but it is conditional; and finally, candidates’ strength creates positive ‘spillover effect’ on party's proportional seats.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis of Hole Transporting Material Free Mesoporous and Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1635
Author(s):  
Sumayya M. Abdulrahim ◽  
Zubair Ahmad ◽  
Jolly Bahadra ◽  
Noora J. Al-Thani
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Large Area ◽  
The Future ◽  
Hole Transporting Material

The future photovoltaic technologies based on perovskite materials are aimed to build low tech, truly economical, easily fabricated, broadly deployable, and trustworthy solar cells. Hole transport material (HTM) free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are among the most likely architectures which hold a distinctive design and provide a simple way to produce large-area and cost-effective manufacture of PSCs. Notably, in the monolithic scheme of the HTM-free PSCs, all layers can be printed using highly reproducible and morphology-controlled methods, and this design has successfully been demonstrated for industrial-scale fabrication. In this review article, we comprehensively describe the recent advancements in the different types of mesoporous (nanostructured) and planar HTM-free PSCs. In addition, the effect of various nanostructures and mesoporous layers on their performance is discussed using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. We bring together the different perspectives that researchers have developed to interpret and analyze the EIS data of the HTM-free PSCs. Their analysis using the EIS tool, the limitations of these studies, and the future work directions to overcome these limitations to enhance the performance of HTM-free PSCs are comprehensively considered.

scholarly journals Holocene environmental changes in Red River delta, Vietnam as inferred from the stable carbon isotopes and C/N ratios

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Tai Tue ◽  
Dang Minh Quan ◽  
Pham Thao Nguyen ◽  
Luu Viet Dung ◽  
Tran Dang Quy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Red River ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Red River Delta
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