scholarly journals Farmer Perception, Recollection, and Remote Sensing in Weather Index Insurance: An Ethiopia Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Osgood ◽  
Bristol Powell ◽  
Rahel Diro ◽  
Carlos Farah ◽  
Markus Enenkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Climate Risk ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Index Insurance ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Weather Index ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Reported Data

A challenge in addressing climate risk in developing countries is that many regions have extremely limited formal data sets, so for these regions, people must rely on technologies like remote sensing for solutions. However, this means the necessary formal weather data to design and validate remote sensing solutions do not exist. Therefore, many projects use farmers’ reported perceptions and recollections of climate risk events, such as drought. However, if these are used to design risk management interventions such as insurance, there may be biases and limitations which could potentially lead to a problematic product. To better understand the value and validity of farmer perceptions, this paper explores two related questions: (1) Is there evidence that farmers reporting data have any information about actual drought events, and (2) is there evidence that it is valuable to address recollection and perception issues when using farmer-reported data? We investigated these questions by analyzing index insurance, in which remote sensing products trigger payments to farmers during loss years. Our case study is perhaps the largest participatory farmer remote sensing insurance project in Ethiopia. We tested the cross-consistency of farmer-reported seasonal vulnerabilities against the years reported as droughts by independent satellite data sources. We found evidence that farmer-reported events are independently reflected in multiple remote sensing datasets, suggesting that there is legitimate information in farmer reporting. Repeated community-based meetings over time and aggregating independent village reports over space lead to improved predictions, suggesting that it may be important to utilize methods to address potential biases.

scholarly journals The Use of Remotely Sensed Rainfall for Managing Drought Risk: A Case Study of Weather Index Insurance in Zambia

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Black ◽  
Elena Tarnavsky ◽  
Ross Maidment ◽  
Helen Greatrex ◽  
Agrotosh Mookerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Index Insurance ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Weather Index ◽  
Weather Index Insurance

scholarly journals ORIENTATION AND CALIBRATION REQUIREMENTS FOR HYPERPECTRAL IMAGING USING UAVs: A CASE STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol XL-3/W4 ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
A. M. G. Tommaselli ◽  
A. Berveglieri ◽  
R. A. Oliveira ◽  
L. Y. Nagai ◽  
E. Honkavaara
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Operational Problem ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Close Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hyperspectral Camera

Flexible tools for photogrammetry and remote sensing using unmanned airborne vehicles (UAVs) have been attractive topics of research and development. The lightweight hyperspectral camera based on a Fabry-Pérot interferometer (FPI) is one of the highly interesting tools for UAV based remote sensing for environmental and agricultural applications. The camera used in this study acquires images from different wavelengths by changing the FPI gap and using two CMOS sensors. Due to the acquisition principle of this camera, the interior orientation parameters (IOP) of the spectral bands can vary for each band and sensor and changing the configuration also would change these sets of parameters posing an operational problem when several bands configurations are being used. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of use IOPs estimated for some bands in one configuration for other bands of different configuration the FPI camera, considering different IOP and EOP constraints. The experiments were performed with two FPI-hyperspectral camera data sets: the first were collected 3D terrestrial close-range calibration field and the second onboard of an UAV in a parking area in the interior of São Paulo State.

scholarly journals ORIENTATION AND CALIBRATION REQUIREMENTS FOR HYPERPECTRAL IMAGING USING UAVs: A CASE STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol XL-3/W4 ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. G. Tommaselli ◽  
A. Berveglieri ◽  
R. A. Oliveira ◽  
L. Y. Nagai ◽  
E. Honkavaara
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Operational Problem ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Close Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hyperspectral Camera

Flexible tools for photogrammetry and remote sensing using unmanned airborne vehicles (UAVs) have been attractive topics of research and development. The lightweight hyperspectral camera based on a Fabry-Pérot interferometer (FPI) is one of the highly interesting tools for UAV based remote sensing for environmental and agricultural applications. The camera used in this study acquires images from different wavelengths by changing the FPI gap and using two CMOS sensors. Due to the acquisition principle of this camera, the interior orientation parameters (IOP) of the spectral bands can vary for each band and sensor and changing the configuration also would change these sets of parameters posing an operational problem when several bands configurations are being used. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of use IOPs estimated for some bands in one configuration for other bands of different configuration the FPI camera, considering different IOP and EOP constraints. The experiments were performed with two FPI-hyperspectral camera data sets: the first were collected 3D terrestrial close-range calibration field and the second onboard of an UAV in a parking area in the interior of São Paulo State.

scholarly journals Unpacking Barriers to Socially Inclusive Weather Index Insurance: Towards a Framework for Inclusion

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2235
Author(s):  
Aheeyar ◽  
Silva ◽  
Senaratna-Sellamuttu ◽  
Arulingam
Keyword(s):  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Index Insurance ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Weather Index ◽  
Weather Index Insurance ◽  
Marginalized Women ◽  
And Gender

Floods account for a majority of disasters, especially in South Asia, where they affect 27 million people annually, causing economic losses of over US$1 billion. Climate change threatens to exacerbate these risks. Risk transfer mechanisms, such as weather index insurance (WII) may help buffer farmers against these hazards. However, WII programs struggle to attract the clients most in need of protection, including marginalized women and men. This risks re-enforcing existing inequalities and missing opportunities to promote pro-poor and gender-sensitive development. Key questions, therefore, include what factors constrain access to WIIs amongst heterogeneous communities, and how these can be addressed. This paper contributes to that end through primary data from two WII case studies (one in India, the other in Bangladesh) that identify contextual socio-economic and structural barriers to accessing WII, and strategies to overcome these. More significantly, this paper synthesizes the case study findings and those from a review of the literature on other WII initiatives into a framework to promote a systematic approach to address these challenges: an important step forward in moving from problem analysis to remedial action. The framework highlights actions across WII product design, implementation and post-implementation, to minimize risks of social exclusion in future WII schemes.

Pricing weather index insurance based on artificial controlled experiment: a case study of cold temperature for early rice in Jiangxi, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Sun ◽  
Zaiqiang Yang ◽  
Xianghong Che ◽  
Wei Han ◽  
Fangmin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Experiment ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Index Insurance ◽  
Weather Index ◽  
Weather Index Insurance ◽  
Early Rice

scholarly journals Addressing Fractional Dimensionality in the Application of Weather Index Insurance and Climate Risk Financing in Agricultural Development: A Dynamic Triggering Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 901-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calum G. Turvey ◽  
Apurba Shee ◽  
Ana Marr
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Climate Risk ◽  
Index Insurance ◽  
Weather Index ◽  
Basis Risk ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Weather Index Insurance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rainfall Patterns

Abstract Climate risk financing programs in agriculture have caught the attention of researchers and policy makers over the last decade. Weather index insurance has emerged as a promising market-based risk financing mechanism. However, to develop a suitable weather index insurance mechanism it is essential to incorporate the distribution of underlying weather and climate risks to a specific event model that can minimize intraseasonal basis risk. In this paper we investigate the erratic nature of rainfall patterns in Kenya using Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station Data (CHIRPS) rainfall data from 1983 to 2017. We find that the patterns of rainfall are fractional, both erratic and persistent, which is consistent with the Noah and Joseph effects that are well known in mathematics. The erratic nature of rainfall emerges from the breakdown of the convergence to a normal distribution. Instead we find that the distribution about the average is approximately lognormal, with an almost 50% higher chance of deficit rainfall below the mean than adequate rainfall above the mean. We find that the rainfall patterns obey the Hurst law and that the measured Hurst coefficients for seasonal rainfall pattern across all years range from a low of 0.137 to a high above 0.685. To incorporate the erratic and persistent nature of seasonal rainfall, we develop a new approach to weather index insurance based upon the accumulated rainfall in any 21-day period falling below 60% of the long-term average for that same 21-day period. We argue that this approach is more satisfactory to matching drought conditions within and between various phenological stages of growth.

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