Estimation of Gap Fraction and Foliage Clumping in Forest Canopies
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The gap fractions of three mature hemi-boreal forest stands in Estonia were estimated using the LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer ( LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA) , the TRAC instrument (Miami, FL, USA), Cajanus’ tube, hemispherical photos, as well as terrestrial (TLS) and airborne (ALS) laser scanners. ALS measurements with an 8-year interval confirmed that changes in the structure of mature forest stands are slow, and that measurements in the same season
2009 ◽
Vol 258
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pp. 1073-1083
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2002 ◽
Vol 28
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pp. 967-976
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2018 ◽
Vol 43
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pp. 418-424
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1996 ◽
Vol 78
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pp. 149-179
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1998 ◽
Vol 13
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pp. 451-461
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1996 ◽
Vol 17
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pp. 3077-3081
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2006 ◽
Vol 234
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pp. 40-47
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