scholarly journals Radiation Component Calculation and Energy Budget Analysis for the Korean Peninsula Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bu-Yo Kim ◽  
Kyu-Tae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Regional Energy ◽  
Radiation Component ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Surface Temperatures

In this study, a radiation component calculation algorithm was developed using channel data from the Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) and meteorological data from the Unified Model (UM) Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System (LDAPS). In addition, the energy budget of the Korean Peninsula region in 2016 was calculated and its regional differences were analyzed. Radiation components derived using the algorithm were calibrated using the broadband radiation component data from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) to improve their accuracy. The calculated radiation components and the CERES data showed an annual mean percent bias of less than 3.5% and a high correlation coefficient of over 0.98. The energy budget of the Korean Peninsula region was −2.4 Wm−2 at the top of the atmosphere (RT), −14.5 Wm−2 at the surface (RS), and 12.1 Wm−2 in the atmosphere (RA), with regional energy budget differences. The Seoul region had a high surface temperature (289.5 K) and a RS of −33.4 Wm−2 (surface emission), whereas the Sokcho region had a low surface temperature (284.7 K) and a RS of 5.0 Wm−2 (surface absorption), for a difference of 38.5 Wm−2. In short, regions with relatively high surface temperatures tended to show energy emission, and regions with relatively low surface temperatures tended to show energy absorption. Such regional energy imbalances can cause weather and climate changes and bring about meteorological disasters, and thus research on detecting energy budget changes must be continued.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DA SUSTENTABILIDADE DE PROPRIEDADES RURAIS NA REGIÃO DO OESTE PAULISTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (Especial) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Lucas Prado Osco ◽  
Camila Dias Pinaffi ◽  
João Luiz Dal Ponte Filho ◽  
Giovana Ferraresi Guimarães ◽  
Fábio Fernando de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Spectral Indices ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Low Coverage

This work aims to relate the characteristics observed in different agricultural properties with data obtained by satellite images. The data consist of spectral indices and surface temperature. Beside this, a questionnaire was applied with the person in charge of each property. Finally, soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 10 cm, and the moisture, dehydrogenase and respiration contents were analyzed. A comparison of the results suggests that the properties do not meet the basic requirements of a sustainable agriculture. This idea is reinforced by the values presented by the indices, which indicate a low coverage of local vegetation, low humidity in leaves and high surface temperatures found for each of the properties studied.

scholarly journals Validation of the CERES Edition 2B Surface-Only Flux Algorithms

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Kratz ◽  
Shashi K. Gupta ◽  
Anne C. Wilber ◽  
Victor E. Sothcott
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Radiative Forcings ◽  
Climate Research ◽  
Clear Sky

Abstract The Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) project uses two shortwave (SW) and two longwave (LW) algorithms to derive surface radiative fluxes on an instantaneous footprint basis from a combination of top-of-atmosphere fluxes, ancillary meteorological data, and retrieved cloud properties. Since the CERES project examines the radiative forcings and feedbacks for Earth’s entire climate system, validation of these models for a wide variety of surface conditions is paramount. The present validation effort focuses upon the ability of these surface-only flux algorithms to produce accurate CERES Edition 2B single scanner footprint data from the Terra and Aqua spacecraft measurements. To facilitate the validation process, high-quality radiometric surface observations have been acquired that were coincident with the CERES-derived surface fluxes. For both SW models, systematic errors range from −20 to −12 W m−2 (from −2.8% to −1.6%) for global clear-sky cases, while for the all-sky SW model, the systematic errors range from 14 to 21 W m−2 (3.2%–4.8%) for global cloudy-sky cases. Larger systematic errors were seen for the individual surface types, and significant random errors where observed, especially for cloudy-sky cases. While the SW models nearly achieved the 20 W m−2 accuracy requirements established for climate research, further improvements are warranted. For the clear-sky LW model, systematic errors were observed to fall within ±5.4 W m−2 (±1.9%) except for the polar case in which systematic errors on the order from −15 to −11 W m−2 (from −13% to −7.2%) occurred. For the all-sky LW model, systematic errors were less than ±9.2 W m−2 (±7.6%) for both the clear-sky and cloudy-sky cases. The random errors were less than 17 W m−2 (6.2%) for clear-sky cases and 28 W m−2 (13%) for cloudy-sky cases, except for the desert cases in which very high surface skin temperatures caused an overestimation in the model-calculated surface fluxes. Overall, however, the LW models met the accuracy requirements for climate research.

Surface Temperature Calculation and its Application to Surface Fatigue Strength Evaluation

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Deng ◽  
Tsutomu Nakanishi ◽  
Masana Kato
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Tangential Velocity ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Surface Strength ◽  
Temperature Index ◽  
Strength Evaluation ◽  
Surface Temperatures

In recent years, power transmission gears for vehicles run at higher speeds and loads and are accompanied by very high surface temperatures. Under such a high surface temperature condition, the surface strength cannot be evaluated correctly only by the use of Hertzian stress. This research attempts to introduce a new surface strength evaluation method considering the surface temperature rise. First, the surface temperatures of rollers under different rolling and sliding conditions are measured using a thermocouple. The effects of load P, mean tangential velocity Vm and sliding velocity Vs on surface temperature are investigated and analyzed. Then, an experimental equation is presented which shows the linear relationship between surface temperature and GRP0.86Vs1.31Vm−0.83 value. Based on the comparisons between calculated and measured tooth surface temperatures, this equation is confirmed applicable to gear tooth surface temperature evaluation as well. A surface temperature index is proposed for surface strength evaluation. The relationship between the surface temperature index and the number of load cycles of the rollers is investigated. The results indicate the possibility to evaluate the surface strength based on the surface temperature.

scholarly journals Human Energy Budget Modeling in Urban Parks in Toronto and Applications to Emergency Heat Stress Preparedness

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1639-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Vanos ◽  
Jon S. Warland ◽  
Terry J. Gillespie ◽  
Graham A. Slater ◽  
Robert D. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Energy

AbstractThe current study tests applications of the Comfort Formula (COMFA) energy budget model by assessing the moderating effects of urban parks in contrast to streets, and it also looks at the influence of park types (“open” or “treed”). Exploration into energy budget modeling is based on empirical meteorological data collected in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on fair-weather days plus the effects of a heat wave and climate change, at various metabolic activity levels. Park cooling temperature intensities ranged from 3.9° to 6.0°C, yet human energy budgets were more closely correlated to incoming solar radiation than to air temperature. A strong linear dependence was found, with absorbed radiation (correlation coefficient squared r2 = 0.858) explaining the largest fraction of energy budget output. Hence, although the four parks that were examined are classified as urban green space, the distinctive treed areas showed a greater budget decrease than did open park areas (−25.5 W m−2). The greatest difference in budget decrease was found when modeling the highest metabolic rate, giving −20 W m−2 for “whole park,” −32 W m−2 for treed sections, and −3 W m−2 in open park areas. These results are intuitive within energy budget modeling and indicate that blocking radiant energy is a vital aspect in lowering high budgets under the conditions tested. Strong empirical support was provided through successful prediction of emergency-response calls during a heat wave in Toronto (5–7 July 2010) and surrounding days. Calls were found to be significantly dependent on the energy budget estimations (r2 = 0.860). There is great potential for outdoor energy budget modeling as a meaningful guide to heat stress forecasting, future research, and application in bioclimatic urban design for improving thermal comfort.

Application of pyrometer and standard sample to determine surface temperature of studied materials

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
V.Ya. Mendeleyev ◽  
V.A. Petrov ◽  
A.V. Yashin ◽  
A.I. Vangonen ◽  
O.K. Taganov
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Standard Sample ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
Normal Emissivity

Determining the surface temperature of materials with unknown emissivity is studied. A method for determining the surface temperature using a standard sample of average spectral normal emissivity in the wavelength range of 1,65–1,80 μm and an industrially produced Metis M322 pyrometer operating in the same wavelength range. The surface temperature of studied samples of the composite material and platinum was determined experimentally from the temperature of a standard sample located on the studied surfaces. The relative error in determining the surface temperature of the studied materials, introduced by the proposed method, was calculated taking into account the temperatures of the platinum and the composite material, determined from the temperature of the standard sample located on the studied surfaces, and from the temperature of the studied surfaces in the absence of the standard sample. The relative errors thus obtained did not exceed 1,7 % for the composite material and 0,5% for the platinum at surface temperatures of about 973 K. It was also found that: the inaccuracy of a priori data on the emissivity of the standard sample in the range (–0,01; 0,01) relative to the average emissivity increases the relative error in determining the temperature of the composite material by 0,68 %, and the installation of a standard sample on the studied materials leads to temperature changes on the periphery of the surface not exceeding 0,47 % for composite material and 0,05 % for platinum.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of the machining characteristics in diamond wire sawing of unidirectional CFRP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Seeholzer ◽  
Stefan Süssmaier ◽  
Fabian Kneubühler ◽  
Konrad Wegener
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Workpiece Surface ◽  
High Surface Quality ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Process Forces ◽  
The Wire

AbstractEspecially for slicing hard and brittle materials, wire sawing with electroplated diamond wires is widely used since it combines a high surface quality with a minimum kerf loss. Furthermore, it allows a high productivity by machining multiple workpieces simultaneously. During the machining operation, the wire/workpiece interaction and thus the material removal conditions with the resulting workpiece quality are determined by the material properties and the process and tool parameters. However, applied to machining of carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP), the process complexity potentially increases due to the anisotropic material properties, the elastic spring back potential of the material, and the distinct mechanical wear due to the highly abrasive carbon fibres. Therefore, this experimental study analyses different combinations of influencing factors with respect to process forces, workpiece surface temperatures at the wire entrance, and the surface quality in wire sawing unidirectional CFRP material. As main influencing factors, the cutting and feed speeds, the density of diamond grains on the wire, the workpiece thickness, and the fibre orientation of the CFRP material are analysed and discussed. For the tested parameter settings, it is found that while the influence of the grain density is negligible, workpiece thickness, cutting and feed speeds affect the process substantially. In addition, higher process forces and workpiece surface temperatures do not necessarily deteriorate the surface quality.

scholarly journals A spatiotemporal reconstruction of sea-surface temperatures in the North Atlantic during Dansgaard–Oeschger events 5–8

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 901-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari F. Jensen ◽  
Aleksi Nummelin ◽  
Søren B. Nielsen ◽  
Henrik Sadatzki ◽  
Evangeline Sessford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Proxy Data ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Reconstructions

Abstract. Here, we establish a spatiotemporal evolution of the sea-surface temperatures in the North Atlantic over Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) events 5–8 (approximately 30–40 kyr) using the proxy surrogate reconstruction method. Proxy data suggest a large variability in North Atlantic sea-surface temperatures during the DO events of the last glacial period. However, proxy data availability is limited and cannot provide a full spatial picture of the oceanic changes. Therefore, we combine fully coupled, general circulation model simulations with planktic foraminifera based sea-surface temperature reconstructions to obtain a broader spatial picture of the ocean state during DO events 5–8. The resulting spatial sea-surface temperature patterns agree over a number of different general circulation models and simulations. We find that sea-surface temperature variability over the DO events is characterized by colder conditions in the subpolar North Atlantic during stadials than during interstadials, and the variability is linked to changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning circulation and in the sea-ice cover. Forced simulations are needed to capture the strength of the temperature variability and to reconstruct the variability in other climatic records not directly linked to the sea-surface temperature reconstructions. This is the first time the proxy surrogate reconstruction method has been applied to oceanic variability during MIS3. Our results remain robust, even when age uncertainties of proxy data, the number of available temperature reconstructions, and different climate models are considered. However, we also highlight shortcomings of the methodology that should be addressed in future implementations.

scholarly journals A Novel Quantitative Prediction Approach for Pungency Level of Chinese Liquor (Baijiu) Based on Infrared Thermal Imager

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1107
Author(s):  
Yingxia He ◽  
Shuang Chen ◽  
Ke Tang ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Xiaowei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Quantitative Prediction ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Tongue Surface ◽  
Ethanol Aqueous Solution ◽  
Prediction Approach

Pungency is a crucial sensory feature that influences consumers’ appreciation and preferences toward alcoholic beverages. However, the quantitation of pungency is challenging to achieve using sensory analysis because of persistence, accumulation, and desensitization to the pungency perception. This study aimed to design a novel pungency evaluation method based on the measurement of tongue surface temperature. An infrared thermal (IRT) imager technique for measuring tongue surface temperature was established. To validate its feasibility, the IRT technique was used to measure tongue surface temperatures after the tongue was stimulated by (1) water and Baijiu, (2) different concentrations of ethanol aqueous solution (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%, v/v), (3) ethanol aqueous solution and Baijiu samples with the same ethanol content, and (4) 26 Baijiu samples with different pungency level. For all cases, tongue surface temperatures showed large differences as a result of the different stimulation. The results showed that the tongue surface temperature correlated with the pungency intensity obtained by the sensory analysis. The relationship between tongue surface temperature and pungency intensity was established by multiple linear regression analysis. The IRT technique was able to be a useful support tool to quantitatively predict the pungency of alcoholic beverages, based on the measurement of tongue surface temperature.

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