scholarly journals Assessment of Valuable and Critical Elements Recovery Potential in Ashes from Processes of Solid Municipal Waste and Sewage Sludge Thermal Treatment

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Monika Kasina ◽  
Piotr Rafał Kowalski ◽  
Bartłomiej Kajdas ◽  
Marek Michalik
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Critical Elements

Due to the increasing amount of produced and accumulated wastes, a potential source of elements might be the global waste stream coming from the waste incineration process. As a result of this process, bottom ash, fly ash and air pollution control residues are produced. The goal of this study was to evaluate the raw material potential of the anthropogenic materials which are fly ashes from municipal waste incineration and municipal sewage sludge incineration, and the possibility for the recovery of metallic or other economically valuable elements by comparison of their chemical composition with the chemical composition of Earth materials (ultramafic, mafic and felsic igneous rocks, various sedimentary rocks), and with their lowest content in currently exploited ores. Fly ashes contain more valuable and critical elements when compared to Earth materials; however, they are less concentrated in comparison to the content in currently exploited ores. Since natural resources are becoming depleted, the costs of exploitation, mineral processing and related operations are increasing and the fly ashes are easily accessible. Cheap materials do not demand complicated treatment which might be considered as a future source of P, Zn, Sn, Cr, Pb, Au and Ag, and thus fulfilling the assumptions of close-loop economy and to maximize natural resources protection.

Addition of large amount of municipal sewage sludge as raw material in cement clinker production

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (36) ◽  
pp. 27862-27869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minrui Huang ◽  
Huajun Feng ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Dongsheng Shen ◽  
Yuyang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Clinker Production

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effects of Municipal Waste and Wastewater on Absorption of Nickel and Cadmium of Helianthus Annuus Plant

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-749
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Ashouri ◽  
Bahareh Sadhezari
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Municipal Waste Compost ◽  
Main Factor

The present study is an attempt to examine the effects of municipal waste and wastewater on absorption of nickel and cadmium of helianthus annuus plant. In order to determine cadmium and nickel in different organs of the plant in soil with organic fertilizers of municipal waste and municipal sewage sludge, we conducted a split plot study. The study was in form of randomized complete block from 2011 to 2015 under farm conditions. We considered the main factor in five levels of control, 10 and 20 tons of sewage sludge and municipal waste compost per hectare besides the minor factor of yearly treatment during four years. The results showed that using 20 tons of sewage sludge and waste per hectare increased absorbable soil nickel and cadmium up to approximately 220%. Also, the amount of cadmium and nickel in root was about 400% more than the control group. Bacteria found in soil contaminated to heavy metals showed remarkable resistance against higher concentration of these elements. Both bioaccumulation and biosorption techniques indicated high potential to refine aquatic environments. However, the bioaccumulation technique showed better efficiency in lower concentrations and the biosorption revealed better efficiency in higher concentrations of metals.

scholarly journals Temperature Influence on Ordinary Concrete Modified with Fly Ashes from Thermally Conversed Municipal Sewage Sludge Strength Parameters

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5259
Author(s):  
Gabriela Rutkowska ◽  
Paweł Ogrodnik ◽  
Joanna Fronczyk ◽  
Ayla Bilgin
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Concrete is the most commonly used structural material, without which modern construction could not function. It is a material with a high potential to adapt to specific operating conditions. The use of this potential is made by its material modification. The aim of the performed investigations was the assessment of rational application possibilities of fly ashes from thermally conversed municipal sewage sludge as an alternative concrete admixture. A concrete mix was designed, based on the Portland cement CEM I 42.5R and containing various quantity of ash, amounting to 0–25% of cement mass. The samples were conditioned and heated in a furnace at the temperature of 300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C. Physical and chemical properties of the ashes as well as utility properties of the concrete, i.e., density, compressive strength after 28, 56, and 90 days of maturation, frost resistance, and compressive strength in high temperature were determined. The tests were performed at cubic samples with 10 cm edge. The replacement of a determined cement quantity by the fly ashes enables obtaining a concrete composite having good strength parameters. The concrete modified by the fly ashes constituting 20% of the cement mass achieved its average compressive strength after 28 days of maturation equal to 50.12 MPa, after 56 days 50.61 MPa and after 90 days 50.80 MPa. The temperature growth weakens the composite structure. The obtained results confirm the possibility of waste recycling in the form of fly ashes as a cement substitute in concrete manufacturing.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fractions in Soil Fertilized with Waste Organic Materials

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1474
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Wierzbowska ◽  
Stanisław Sienkiewicz ◽  
Dariusz Załuski
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Nitrogen Fractions ◽  
N Compounds

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of sewage sludge and composts produced from sewage sludge and municipal waste on the content of various forms of nitrogen in soil. The field experiment was carried out in 2004–2015. It included three crop rotations of the following plants: potato, spring barley, winter oilseed rape and winter wheat. The experiment consisted of the following treatments: control (without fertilization), NPK, manure (FYM), compost from municipal sewage sludge and straw (CSSS), composted sewage sludge (CSS), dried and granulated sewage sludge (DGSS), “Dano” compost produced from unsorted municipal waste (CUMW) and compost from municipal green waste (CMGW). Manure, composts and sewage sludge were applied once (10 t ha−1 of d.m.) or twice (5 t ha−1 of d.m.) in a crop rotation. It was significantly shown that the highest N-total content was in the soil fertilized with CUMW (compost produced from unsorted municipal waste). The soil fertilized with manure (FYM) contained the highest quantity of N-min. The prevalent pool of nitrogen (82.65–86.52%) consisted of N compounds not undergoing acid hydrolysis, and their smallest share was determined in the soil fertilized with NPK alone.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystal Extraction From Pennisetum hydridum Fertilized by Municipal Sewage Sludge via Sulfuric Acid Hydrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoshan Yu ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Qitang Wu ◽  
Zebin Wei ◽  
Xianke Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Type I

This research focuses on the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from Pennisetum hydridum fertilized by municipal sewage sludge (MSS) through sulfuric acid hydrolysis in different acid concentrations (40–65%), temperature (room temperature ∼55°C), and reaction time (50–120 min). The results showed that the obtained CNC possessed stable dispersion in water. The length of CNCs reached 272.5 nm under the condition of room temperature (RT), 65% acid concentration, and 120 min reaction time, and the diameter was within 10 nm. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) showed that the CNC still kept the cellulose type I structure. The crystallinity of CNCs increased to the maximum by 18.34% compared with that of delignified Pennisetum hydridum fibers. Thermogravimetry (TG) illustrated the thermal stability of CNCs was lower than that of delignified Pennisetum hydridum fibers due to the introduction of sulfate groups in the cellulose. This study demonstrated that Pennisetum hydridum fertilized by MSS might be a suitable raw material for CNCs. This implies meaningful resource utilization of MSS and Pennisetum hydridum.

scholarly journals Production of Lipids from Municipal Sewage Sludge by Two Stage Extraction Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Bharathi P. ◽  
Pennarsi M.
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Tlc Analysis

In this investigation, municipal sewage sludge was used as a lipid feedstock. Two stage extraction processes was developed to obtain good yield of lipid content. The maximum lipid yields 32.5% was achieved from chloroform: methanol solvents through optimum conditions of 2:1 ratio, 50oC temp for 30 min. The lipid content was characterized by TLC analysis. The lipid properties were analyzed and proved as a lipid. Hence, municipal sewage sludge serves as a valuable raw material for lipid production

Use of fly ashes from municipal sewage sludge combustion in production of ash concretes

2018 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 874-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Rutkowska ◽  
Piotr Wichowski ◽  
Joanna Fronczyk ◽  
Małgorzata Franus ◽  
Marek Chalecki
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fly Ashes

Multielement Relationships Characterizing the Chemical Composition of Municipal Sewage Sludge in Southern Quebec

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-770
Author(s):  
C. Bellehumeur ◽  
L. Vasseur ◽  
C. Ansseau ◽  
B. Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Forest Lands

Abstract Disposal of sewage sludge on agricultural or forest lands has been shown to be an economical means of sludge disposal which reduces the amount of waste going to landfills and returns nutrients to the soil. The heavy metal content of sludge generally depends on the composition of influents and on the treatment process. The present study considers the sludge chemical composition of 23 municipalities in southern Quebec and the heavy metal concentrations in their respective drinking water supplies. This study attempts to determine the main multielement relationships characterizing sludge composition, and to verify the occurrence of a possible link between chemical element concentration in sludge and in water supplies. The main phenomena influencing the chemical composition of municipal sewage sludge were modeled by using principal component analysis. The analysis shows that Cu concentration in sludges highly correlates with the organic nitrogen, and a series of metals (Cd-Co-Cr-Ni-Pb) are deposited independently of N and P. The activated sludge process removes a greater quantity of N than aerated lagoons, but heavy metals are generally more concentrated in aerated lagoons. The metal level found in water supplies slightly correlates with the metal content of sludge. Treatment plants showing metal contamination problems are found in regions with high natural geo-chemical levels of metals.

The effect of harvest frequency on yielding and quality of energy raw material of reed canary grass grown on municipal sewage sludge

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kołodziej ◽  
Magdalena Stachyra ◽  
Jacek Antonkiewicz ◽  
Elżbieta Bielińska ◽  
Janusz Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Harvest Frequency ◽  
Canary Grass
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