scholarly journals Simulating the Hydrological Impact of Green Roof Use and an Increase in Green Areas in an Urban Catchment with i-Tree: A Case Study with the Town of Fontibón in Bogotá, Colombia

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bautista ◽  
Carlos Peña-Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Green Roof ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
Vegetation Removal ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Runoff Control ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The Town

Urbanization has produced various social, environmental, and hydrological impacts, such as reduced biodiversity, increased urban temperatures, ecosystem degradation, air and water pollution, changes to hydrological processes, groundwater recharge alterations, increased prevalence of floods, vegetation removal, and potential increases in unstable soils. Finding solutions to mitigate the impacts of urbanization is of vital importance in the development and planning of cities, and particularly so for developing countries. One strategy gaining momentum is the use of green roofs and larger green areas (greater green cover under trees, with the purpose of increasing the permeable area) for runoff control. In this study, a simulation was carried out using the i-Tree Hydro software that involved the urban basin in the Fontibón area of Bogotá, Colombia, with the aim of observing the hydrological benefits of trees, green areas, and permeable zones. Five scenarios were proposed in which green roof coverage was implemented (20% and 50% increases in green areas in Scenarios 1 and 2), coverage under existing trees was enhanced (50% and 100% increase in Scenarios 4 and 5), and finally a complete removal of green zones in Fontibón was simulated (Scenario 3). The town is relatively susceptible to a reduction in its existing green areas, with an increase in total flow of more than 50% for one scenario considered. Thus, an increase in the permeable coverage under trees (50% and 100% increased coverage under existing trees) provided the best strategy for mitigating the impacts of urbanization by reducing the total, maximum, and average impervious flow by 3%, 4%, and 8%, respectively. Finally, an increase in permeable zones corresponding to plants was proposed via the implementation of green roofs. However, this strategy showed a response to the reduction in the lowest total flow at 1%.

scholarly journals A comparative study on rainfall runoff control indicators of green roof

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 2036-2042
Author(s):  
Ke Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Runoff Control ◽  
Reduction Effect

Abstract The rainfall runoff reduction effect on green roofs was analyzed and tested by comparative rainfall runoff monitoring on impermeable roofs (sloping, plane). The evaluation index of rainfall runoff interception benefit (relative runoff reduction rate, rainfall control rate) on green roofs was studied. The results show that compared with sloping and level roofs, the change range of green roof runoff reduction rate relative to level and sloping roofs is 20.0–98.3% and 3.8–92.3%, and the mean value is 48.4% and 34.3% respectively. It is obvious that the green roof has better rainfall runoff reduction effect. It can be seen from the single rainfall control effect that the variation range of green roof rainfall runoff control rate is 36.0% to 99.0%, and the total rainfall control rate is 57.6%, which reflects that the green roof has the better rainfall control effect. Through comparative study, it can be concluded that the rainfall runoff control rate is more suitable for the design index of green roofs.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Green Roof Simulation in Caldes de Montbui (Barcelona): Thermal and Hydrological Performance Test of Frankenia laevis L., Dymondia margaretae Compton and Iris lutescens Lam

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Vestrella ◽  
Carmen Biel ◽  
Robert Savè ◽  
Flavia Bartoli
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
The Relationship

Green roofs provide a number of environmental advantages like increasing urban biodiversity, reducing pollution, easing burdens on drainage systems, and lowering energy costs thanks to thermal insulation. Frankenia laevis, Dymondia margaretae and Iris lutescens were tested in a green roof installation. For all three species, we assessed two minimal irrigation treatments and one rain-fed treatment to resemble Mediterranean climate conditions analyzing the thermal and hydrological performance of all three species and their substrates through an evaluation of green cover, mortality, and biomass. The most influential factors registered for all three species are the relationship between air and water in the substrate and the interaction between green cover and substrate, respectively, for summer and winter seasons. In particular, D. margaretae preserved more water in its substrate than the other species both in summer and winter and after each rainfall event. F. laevis registered the highest level of variation in terms of substrate water content and of rainwater retention. I. lutescens achieved low hydrological performance, a limited amount of green cover, and slow growth. Our results suggest the absolute need of additional irrigation, managed in accordance with specific functional objectives, for all three species analyzed under Mediterranean conditions and different water regime.

scholarly journals AS FUNÇÕES DOS TELHADOS VERDES NO MEIO URBANO E NA GESTÃO DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Cézar Di Paula da Silva Pinheiro ◽  
Joyse Tatiane Souza dos Santos ◽  
Adriano Marlisom Leão de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
City Management ◽  
Flood Prevention ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Sustainable System

THE FUNCTIONS OF GREEN ROOFS IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT AND THE MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCESLAS FUNCIONES DE LOS TEJADOS VERDES EN MEDIO URBANO Y EN LA GESTIÓN DE LOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOSRESUMOA ocupação desordenada em áreas urbanas vem causando diversos problemas, entre eles, as inundações, provocadas pelas chuvas intensas que aliado aos altos níveis de impermeabilização do solo, resulta em grandes prejuízos sociais e ambientais. Nesse contexto, a utilização do telhado verde surge como técnica compensatória, restaurando as condições hidrológicas anteriores as ocupa¬ções urbanas e reduzindo significativamente o pico do escoamento da maioria das precipitações. Dessa forma, a pesquisa tem por objetivo apresentar uma síntese dos principais pontos que devam ser observados na utilização do telhado verde sob o ponto de vista da minimização de alguns dos impactos da urbanização no ciclo hidrológico e nos recursos hídricos. A metodologia adotada neste estudo partiu de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, baseando-se na abordagem sistêmica, com o intuito de reunir diversas análises interdisciplinares sobre os efeitos dos telhados verdes, relacionando-os com diversos fatores. Como resultado constatou-se que a mesma pode ser considerada como um sistema sustentável de drenagem pluvial urbano, por meio do aumento de áreas de infiltração, percolação, receptação e armazenamento temporário de águas pluviais, devendo, portanto, ser inserida nos planos de gestão das cidades como ferramenta para o controle quantitativo do escoamento superficial na superfície urbana, reduzindo o volume das águas pluviais e servindo de instrumento de prevenção a enchentes.Palavras-chave: Escoamento Pluvial; Cobertura Verde; Gestão Ambiental; Ciclo Hidrológico.ABSTRACTThe disordered occupation in urban areas has caused several problems, among them, floods caused by heavy rains that, together with the high levels of waterproofing of the soil, result in great social and environmental damages. In this context, the use of the green roof appears as the compensatory technique, restoring the water conditions prior to urban occupation and taking advantage of the peak of the flow of most precipitations. Thus, the research aims to present a synthesis of the main points that should be observed in the use of the green roof under the aspect of minimizing some of the impacts of urbanization on the hydrological cycle and water resources. The methodology adopted in this study was based on a bibliographical research, based on the systemic approach, with the purpose of gathering several interdisciplinary analyzes on the effects of green roofs, relating them to several factors. It was verified that it can be considered as a sustainable system of urban stormwater drainage, through the increase of areas of infiltration, percolation, reception and temporary storage of rainwater, should therefore be included in city management plans as a tool for the quantitative control of surface runoff on the urban surface, reducing the volume of rainwater and serving as a flood prevention instrument.Keywords: Surface runoff; Green Cover; Environmental Management; Hydrological Cycle.RESUMENLa ocupación desordenada en áreas urbanas viene causando diversos problemas, entre ellos, las inundaciones, provocadas por las lluvias intensas que aliado a los altos niveles de impermeabilización del suelo, resulta en grandes perjuicios sociales y ambientales. En este contexto, la utilización del tejado verde surge como técnica compensatoria, restaurando las condiciones hidrológicas anteriores a la ocupación urbana y reduciendo significativamente el pico del flujo de la mayoría de las precipitaciones. De esta forma, la investigación tiene por objetivo, presentar una síntesis de los principales puntos que deban ser observados en la utilización del tejado verde bajo el aspecto de la minimización de algunos de los impactos de la urbanización en el ciclo hidrológico y en los recursos hídricos. La metodología adoptada en este estudio partió de una investigación bibliográfica, basándose en el enfoque sistémico, con el propósito de reunir diversos análisis interdisciplinarios sobre los efectos de los tejados verdes, relacionándolos con diversos factores. En el que se constató que la misma puede ser considerada como un sistema sostenible de drenaje pluvial urbano, por medio del aumento de áreas de infiltración, percolación, recepción y almacenamiento temporal de aguas pluviales, debiendo, por lo tanto, ser insertada en los planes de gestión de las aguas ciudades como herramienta para el control cuantitativo del flujo superficial en la superficie urbana, reduciendo el volumen de las aguas pluviales y sirviendo de instrumento de prevención a inundaciones.Palabras clave: Escurrimiento Superficial; Cubierta Verde; Gestión Ambiental; Ciclo Hidrológico.

scholarly journals A Green Roof Case Study in the Urban Context of Milan: Integrating the Residential and Cultivation Functions for Sustainable Development

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Giulia Procaccini ◽  
Carol Monticelli
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Social Environmental

Green roofs are increasing in popularity because of both their pleasant appearance and their positive effects for the urban ecosystems and the building indoor climatic conditions. Though this technology has already been applied all over the world, it is still commonly considered of difficult application and management. Easy and fast approaches for green roofs must therefore be examined and encouraged in order to increase their number to counterbalance urban overheating. This thesis case study aimed to represent a prototype of a green roof integrated with a residential function in order to achieve an easy management of the cultivation area. The project was designed in terms of sustainability and was analyzed for its social, environmental and economic impacts, pointing out the numerous benefits that can be derived by the combination and juxtaposition of humans and native plants. The proposed solution is favorable in terms of a sustainable development: it aspires to be reproduced and extensively applied to other facilities of a city as a solution for the overheating and overpopulation of contemporary cities.

THE GREEN ROOF THERMAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION IN COMPARISON TO ASBESTOS CEMENT TILES APPLIED TO LIGHT STEEL FRAME BRAZILIAN BUILDINGS

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Angélica Felicidade Guião Marcato Costa ◽  
João Alexandre Paschoalin Filho ◽  
Tatiana Tucunduva Philipi Cortese ◽  
Brenda Chaves Coelho Leite
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Steel Frame ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Asbestos Cement ◽  
Data Representative

This research aimed at comparing the thermal performance provided in experimental modules, one of which was performed with conventional cover, made of asbestos cement tiles; an another with green cover. The structure of the studied modules was executed using Light Steel Frame technique. As an experimental research, modules were built in a wide place, without the interference of shading. Instruments were installed in the inner part of the modules to measure the following data: air temperature, relative humidity. From the collected data, representative episodes have been chosen for the studies that aimed to compare the comfort provided by both modules, built with different roofs. As result, it was verified that the module with green roof had better performance than the module covered with asbestos cement tile in all selected episodes. The module covered with green roof maintained lower internal temperature variation throughout the days, indicating that the green roof has characteristic thermal insulation, reducing the heat flow from the roof.

scholarly journals Seismic Performance of a Green Roof Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4278
Author(s):  
Svetlana Tam ◽  
Jenna Wong
Keyword(s):  
Green Roof ◽  
Time History ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Moment Frame ◽  
Steel Moment Frame ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
Nonlinear Time History Analyses ◽  
Vegetated Roofs ◽  
Nonlinear Time History ◽  
The Impact

Sustainability addresses the need to reduce the structure’s impact on the environment but does not reduce the environment’s impact on the structure. To explore this relationship, this study focuses on quantifying the impact of green roofs or vegetated roofs on seismic responses such as story displacements, interstory drifts, and floor level accelerations. Using an archetype three-story steel moment frame, nonlinear time history analyses are conducted in OpenSees for a shallow and deep green roof using a suite of ground motions from various distances from the fault to identify key trends and sensitivities in response.

scholarly journals Addressing the Water–Energy–Food Nexus through Enhanced Green Roof Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1972
Author(s):  
Jeremy Wright ◽  
Jeremy Lytle ◽  
Devon Santillo ◽  
Luzalen Marcos ◽  
Kristiina Valter Mai
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Rainwater Runoff ◽  
Rain Events

Urban densification and climate change are creating a multitude of issues for cities around the globe. Contributing factors include increased impervious surfaces that result in poor stormwater management, rising urban temperatures, poor air quality, and a lack of available green space. In the context of volatile weather, there are growing concerns regarding the effects of increased intense rainfalls and how they affect highly populated areas. Green roofs are becoming a stormwater management tool, occupying a growing area of urban roof space in many developed cities. In addition to the water-centric approach to the implementation of green roofs, these systems offer a multitude of benefits across the urban water–energy–food nexus. This paper provides insight to green roof systems available that can be utilized as tools to mitigate the effects of climate change in urbanized areas. A new array of green roof testing modules is presented along with research methods employed to address current issues related to food, energy and water performance optimization. Rainwater runoff after three rain events was observed to be reduced commensurate with the presence of a blue roof retention membrane in the testbed, the growing media depth and type, as well as the productive nature of the plants in the testbed. Preliminary observations indicate that more productive green roof systems may have increasingly positive benefits across the water–energy–food nexus in dense urban areas that are vulnerable to climate disruption.

scholarly journals Hydrologic Performance of an Extensive Green Roof under Intensive Rain Events: Results from a Rain-Chamber Simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3078
Author(s):  
Elena Giacomello ◽  
Jacopo Gaspari
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Dimensionless Number ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Retention Performance ◽  
Extensive Green Roof ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Hydrologic Performance

The water storage capacity of a green roof generates several benefits for the building conterminous environment. The hydrologic performance is conventionally expressed by the runoff coefficient, according to international standards and guidelines. The runoff coefficient is a dimensionless number and defines the water retention performance over a long period. At the scale of single rain events, characterized by varying intensity and duration, the reaction of the green roof is scarcely investigated. The purpose of this study is to highlight how an extensive green roof—having a supposed minimum water performance, compared to an intensive one—responds to real and repetitive rain events, simulated in a rain chamber with controlled rain and runoff data. The experiment provides, through cumulative curve graphs, the behavior of the green roof sample during four rainy days. The simulated rain events are based on a statistical study (summarized in the paper) of 25 years of rain data for a specific location in North Italy characterized by an average rain/year of 1100 mm. The results prove the active response of the substrate, although thin and mineral, and quick draining, in terms of water retention and detention during intense rain events. The study raises questions about how to better express the water performance of green roofs.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature and Moisture Content on Thermal Performance of Green Roof Media

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2421
Author(s):  
Bohan Shao ◽  
Caterina Valeo ◽  
Phalguni Mukhopadhyaya ◽  
Jianxun He
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Thick Substrate ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Test Cells ◽  
Substrate Moisture ◽  
Phase Transition Zone

The influence of moisture content on substrate thermal conductivity at different temperatures was investigated for four different commercially available substrates for green roofs. In the unfrozen state, as moisture content increased, thermal conductivity increased linearly. In the phase transition zone between +5 and −10 °C, as temperature decreased, thermal conductivity increased sharply during the transition from water to ice. When the substrate was frozen, thermal conductivity varied exponentially with substrate moisture content prior to freezing. Power functions were found between thermal conductivity and temperature. Two equally sized, green roof test cells were constructed and tested to compare various roof configurations including a bare roof, varying media thickness for a green roof, and vegetation. The results show that compared with the bare roof, there is a 75% reduction in the interior temperature’s amplitude for the green roof with 150 mm thick substrate. When a sedum mat was added, there was a 20% reduction in the amplitude of the inner temperature as compared with the cell without a sedum mat.

Green roof hydrologic performance and modeling: a review

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanling Li ◽  
Roger W. Babcock
Keyword(s):  
Peak Flow ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
Runoff Volume

Green roofs reduce runoff from impervious surfaces in urban development. This paper reviews the technical literature on green roof hydrology. Laboratory experiments and field measurements have shown that green roofs can reduce stormwater runoff volume by 30 to 86%, reduce peak flow rate by 22 to 93% and delay the peak flow by 0 to 30 min and thereby decrease pollution, flooding and erosion during precipitation events. However, the effectiveness can vary substantially due to design characteristics making performance predictions difficult. Evaluation of the most recently published study findings indicates that the major factors affecting green roof hydrology are precipitation volume, precipitation dynamics, antecedent conditions, growth medium, plant species, and roof slope. This paper also evaluates the computer models commonly used to simulate hydrologic processes for green roofs, including stormwater management model, soil water atmosphere and plant, SWMS-2D, HYDRUS, and other models that are shown to be effective for predicting precipitation response and economic benefits. The review findings indicate that green roofs are effective for reduction of runoff volume and peak flow, and delay of peak flow, however, no tool or model is available to predict expected performance for any given anticipated system based on design parameters that directly affect green roof hydrology.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document