scholarly journals The Assessment of the Usefulness of Miscanthus x giganteus to Water and Soil Protection against Erosive Degradation

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Andrzej Mazur ◽  
Alina Kowalczyk-Juśko
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Miscanthus X Giganteus ◽  
Nutrient Runoff ◽  
Erosion Damage

Water erosion is one of the major factors of soil degradation in the world. Various methods have been developed to prevent soil erosion. One of them is the use of anti-erosion belts on slopes, but it has both positive and negative effects. In order to minimize the negative effects, this study proposes the use of perennial grass in place of the most commonly used trees and shrubs. The paper presents studies on the erosion control effectiveness of a strip planted with Miscanthus x giganteus, established on a loess slope. Surface runoff of water and its constituents and erosion damage was studied on the experimental plot with a separate anti-erosion belt and the control plot. Obtained results indicate the anti-erosion efficiency of the established strip in the context of soil protection from water erosion and surface water protection from pollution, although, in the first years of vegetation, miscanthus has not yet reached the stage of full development. The average surface water runoff relating to precipitation causing the erosive event was 17.1% higher in the control plot than in the experimental plot. The volume of erosion damage in the form of rill erosion was 89.3% higher in the control plot. On the other hand, the volume of erosion damages in surface erosion and patches of deposited silts was lower by 14.7% and 21.6%, respectively. Soil losses from the control plot were 29% higher than those from the experimental plot. Dissolved plant nutrient runoff was also higher from the control plot by: 33.4% N-Ntot, 31.3% N-NH4, 42.7% N-NO3, 21.6% N-NO2, 22.9% P-Ptot, 24.1% K.

scholarly journals The method of determining surface water erosion influence on agricultural valorization of soils with usage of geoprocessing techniques and spatial information systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-328
Author(s):  
Barbara Prus ◽  
Tomasz Salata ◽  
Krzysztof Gawroński
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Production Space ◽  
High Degree

Abstract The aim of the paper is to propose methodical solutions concerning synthetic agricultural analysis of production space which consists in combined (synthetic) – in spatial and statistical contexts – analysis and evaluation of quality and farming utility of soils in connection with soils erosive risk level. The paper is aimed at presentation of methodology useful in such type of analyses as well as demonstration to what extent the areas of farming production space being subject to restrictive protection are exposed to destructive effect of surface water erosion. Own factor (HDSP.E) was suggested, which is a high degree synthesis of soil protection in connection with degrees of surface water erosion risk. The proposed methodology was used for detailed spatial analyses performed for Tomice – the Małopolska rural commune (case study). The area model elaborated for the proposed methodology’s purpose faced with soils mechanical composition allowed to make a model of surface water erosion in five-grade scale. Synthetic evaluation (product of spatial objects on numerous thematic layers) of quality and farming utility of soils and also zones of surface water erosion risk allowed to assign spatial distribution of HDSP.E factor (abbreviation of high degree of soil protection combined with erosion). The analyses enabled to determine proportional contribution of the most valuable resources of farming production space that are subject to soil erosion negative phenomenon. Geoprocessing techniques used for the analyses of environmental elements of farming production space were applied in the paper. The analysis of spatial distribution of researched phenomena was elaborated in Quantum GIS programme.

scholarly journals Assessment of indicators of fecal contamination in soils treated with biosolids for growing grasses

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Claudia Campos ◽  
Luz Karime Medina ◽  
Nancy Piedad Fuentes ◽  
Gustavo Ignacio García
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
And Control

Developing countries currently face challenges related to the management and disposal of biosolids that result from wastewater treatment. One of the most important issues they must deal with involves the maximum level of pathogens permitted and the effect they may have on the environment and human health once they are used for agricultural purposes. In order to learn about the risk generated by these kinds of practices, we assessed the behavior of indicators of fecal contamination in grasses used to feed dairy cattle. The study area was divided into two plots: an experimental plot in which diluted biosolids were applied and a control plot without the application of biosolids. We collected samples from soil, grass, surface water and groundwater and analyzed the presence of fecal coliforms, Salmonella, somatic phages and helminth eggs. Experimental and control plots showed a decrease in the concentration of bacterial indicators assessed in soil, and low concentrations in surface water, groundwater and grass. Concentrations of viral and parasite indicators tend to decrease more slowly. Our results show that this way of biosolid management allows a better use of its benefits as an organic amendment by lowering the sanitary risk due to the presence of pathogens.

scholarly journals Profile degradations of podzolic chernozem of the territory of Male Polissia

2017 ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Haskevych
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Average Annual Loss ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Statistical Field

The article presents the results of the study of Male Polissia podzolic chernozems profile degradation. The causes and consequences of this dangerous natural and man-made phenomenon resulting in changes in the habitus of soils, losses of soil mass and humus, deterioration of general physical properties and structural and aggregate composition, decrease in soil fertility and agriculture unprofitability on the slopes have been analysed. In the study of the profile degradation of podzolic chernozems, the following methods have been used: comparative-geographical, comparative-profile, soil-catena, analytical, and statistical. Field studies were conducted after the vegetation period. According to the study results, the thickness of the profile of weakly eroded podzolic chernozems, in comparison with non-eroded types, decreased by 17.0–35.5% as compared to the standard, which corresponds to satisfactory and pre-crisis condition, in medium eroded soils - by 32.2–63.4%, the degree of degradation is estimated as pre-crisis, crisis and catastrophic. In the highly eroded types, the thickness of the soil layer decreased by 47.8–74.9%, which indicates a high and very high (crisis) level of profile degradation. Erosion soil loss compared to the standard in weakly eroded podzolic chernozems is 1245.0-3744.6 t/ha, in medium eroded soil – 6762.4-8321.0 t/ha, and in highly-eroded soil – 8874.0-11595.0 t/ha. It has been established that chernozems as a result of water erosion from one hectare of weakly eroded podzolic, on average 39.47–118.70 tons of humus was eroded, 214.36-237.98 tons was eroded from medium eroded ones, and 240.49-267.84 tons from highly eroded soils. The average annual loss of humus is from 0.23-0.68 t/ha in weakly eroded types to 1.37-1.53 t/ha in highly eroded podzolic chernozems. Erosion processes result in deterioration of physical properties of soils. The use of dense and low-humus plumage horizons for plowing causes compaction of soils and deterioration of structure. Minimization of podzolic chernozem profile degradation in Male Polissia is possible provided that the system of anti-erosion measures, especially the conservation of highly eroded soils, the introduction of soil protection methods for soil cultivation, optimization of the structure of crop areas, ban on cultivated crops on slopes more than 3° steep, consolidation of small areas in larger arrays are applied. It is also necessary to introduce a system of basic and crisis monitoring over the condition of eroded soils. Key words: Male Polissia, podzolic chernozems, profile degradation, water erosion, humus, soil conservation.

scholarly journals Multi-Mode Surface Generalization Supports a Detailed Urban Flooding Simulation Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Xu ◽  
Yonghui Yao ◽  
Shu Liu ◽  
Yang Sun ◽  
Yuexin Yan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Initial Surface ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Beijing City ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Coupling Mode ◽  
Multi Mode

With the aim of achieving high precision and high efficiency, recent research on hydraulic flood models has tended to focus on the algorithms for solving the shallow water equations of Saint-Venant. While development of the algorithms will help to improve the simulation precision and the solving of specific problems, the other influential factor in flood risk modeling is the precision and reasonable generalization of the data. This is even more important for increasing the model’s computational accuracy and efficiency but is frequently undervalued. Frequent rainstorm waterlogging is having a serious impact on China’s large cities. Early warning of waterlogging risk following a rainstorm forecast is an effective method for preventing or reducing potential losses. Concrete waterlogging information including locations, depth, and process is essential for early warnings. This paper focuses on the influence of data precision and reasonable generalization on an urban flooding model. A detailed hydraulic urban flooding model characterized by detailed data processing and component coupling can help to provide advance information. In Beijing city, road networks, overpasses, and buildings are so highly concentrated that rainstorms easily result in waterlogging in low-lying locations. Therefore, partial microrelief is the determinate factor in waterlogging simulation. This paper shows that multi-mode surface data generalization and detailed model coupling support a perfect simulation of a Beijing urban flooding model. The influence of buildings, roads, and overpasses on surface water flow was carefully considered based on the innovative aspect of a fine generalization of partial microrelief. One novelty is the simulation of the whole overland flow from the beginning of rainfall to mesh, not only from manhole overflow, because the waterlogging is caused mainly by initial surface water runoff rather than by manhole overflow. A second novelty is the use of a new kind of coupling mode based on physical mechanisms between surface and pipe models. Here, rain perforated strainers instead of manholes play a role as flow exchange points between pipe and surface. This coupling mode is much closer to the real world. Based on a detailed Beijing urban flooding model, a scenarios library of typical rainfall events and corresponding waterlogging results was constructed. Several years of practice have demonstrated that a rich library of scenarios can be used effectively for the quick identification and early warning of waterlogging risk for a forecast rainfall. Test results show that multi-mode surface generalization is effective in improving outcomes and useful for scientific decision making in controlling urban waterlogging.

scholarly journals Multiannual Assessment of the Risk of Surface Water Erosion and Metal Accumulation Indices in the Flysch Stream Using the MARS Model in the Polish Outer Western Carpathians

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7189
Author(s):  
Wiktor Halecki ◽  
Tomasz Kowalik ◽  
Andrzej Bogdał
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Outer Western Carpathians

The anthropogenic problems in richly sculpted areas (mountain and submontane) are mainly related to agricultural activity, which shapes the quality of surface waters. This paper presents an analysis of the results of the hydrochemical tests carried out in the years 2007–2018 at check-control spots. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI < 100) indicated a low risk for aquatic organisms. The statistical calculations obtained by means of multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) designated that the hazard quotient (HQ) index can be combined with the electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved substances (TDS) parameters used in the assessment of water erosion. The HQ index showed that the concentration of individual heavy metals is lower than their value in the 0.5 percentile of the value. In subsequent studies, it should be assessed whether the size of arable land has an impact on the increased concentration of heavy metals in the surface water. We recommend small retention reservoirs as a potential management measure to improve the quality of the surface water at a regional scale. This study has great potential to mitigate the degradation processes related to the insufficient storage capacity, and to promote natural water retention.

scholarly journals A Soil Erosion Indicator for Supporting Agricultural, Environmental and Climate Policies in the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panos Panagos ◽  
Cristiano Ballabio ◽  
Jean Poesen ◽  
Emanuele Lugato ◽  
Simone Scarpa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
National Level ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Eu

Soil erosion is one of the eight threats in the Soil Thematic Strategy, the main policy instrument dedicated to soil protection in the European Union (EU). During the last decade, soil erosion indicators have been included in monitoring the performance of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study comes five years after the assessment of soil loss by water erosion in the EU [Environmental science & policy 54, 438–447 (2015)], where a soil erosion modelling baseline for 2010 was developed. Here, we present an update of the EU assessment of soil loss by water erosion for the year 2016. The estimated long-term average erosion rate decreased by 0.4% between 2010 and 2016. This small decrease of soil loss was due to a limited increase of applied soil conservation practices and land cover change observed at the EU level. The modelling results suggest that, currently, ca. 25% of the EU land has erosion rates higher than the recommended sustainable threshold (2 t ha−1 yr−1) and more than 6% of agricultural lands suffer from severe erosion (11 t ha−1 yr−1). The results suggest that a more incisive set of measures of soil conservation is needed to mitigate soil erosion across the EU. However, targeted measures are recommendable at regional and national level as soil erosion trends are diverse between countries which show heterogeneous application of conservation practices.

An Innovative Non-Petroleum Rhizobium Tropici Biopolymer Salt for Soil Stabilization

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Larson ◽  
John Ballard ◽  
Christopher Griggs ◽  
J. Kent Newman ◽  
Catherine Nestler
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Rhizobium Tropici ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Surface Water Runoff

Construction site soils are a significant source of sediment, and pollutants carried by sediment, to surface water runoff. Currently, silt fences/barriers, petroleum-derived polymers, and re-vegetation are the primary tools to prevent sediment loss from construction areas. Even with these methods in place, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that 20 to 150 tons of soil per acre is lost to storm water runoff from construction sites each year. A low-cost, environmentally friendly soil amendment that reduces erosion from construction sites would improve surface water quality. An extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) is produced naturally by the symbiotic soil bacterium Rhizobium tropici. A dry, easily transportable salt of this biopolymer, when mixed with soil at low levels (0.01 to 0.5% by mass) substantially increases the soil strength for load bearing, decreases surface erosion and suspended solids in surface water runoff. Re-vegetation is also assisted by biopolymer application, since drought resistance and seed germination rates can be increased by 30% to 40% using the biopolymer. Results of mesoscale rainfall lysimeter system demonstrations of soil amendment with biopolymer documents reduced soil erosion, reduced transport of suspended solids in surface water runoff, and increased establishment success of vegetative cover under simulated drought conditions in biopolymer amended soils.

Mapping surface water erosion potential in the Soummam watershed in Northeast Algeria with RUSLE model

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1606-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youcef Sahli ◽  
Elhadj Mokhtari ◽  
Belkacem Merzouk ◽  
Benoit Laignel ◽  
Christophe Vial ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Rusle Model
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document