scholarly journals Tear Liquid for Predictive Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Salvatore Del Prete ◽  
Daniela Marasco ◽  
Rosalaura Sabetta ◽  
Antonio Del Prete ◽  
Federica Zito Marino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Predictive Diagnosis ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Amyloid Beta 42 ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Retinal Fundus ◽  
Corneal Tomography

The common approach of the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is made with an analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid or the study of retinal fundus and the plaques formation through optical corneal tomography (OCT), or more simply with a fundus camera. Tears analysis is widely discussed in literature as an essential method to describe molecular and biochemical alterations in different diseases. The aim of our study was the identification with immunocytochemistry of Amyloid Beta-42 in tears from patients with or without familiarity for Alzheimer Disease, in order to make the diagnosis earlier and more accessible compared to other invasive methods. Our study was performed on tears from three phenotypically healthy subjects: two of them were Caucasian with Alzheimer familiarity (48 and 55 years old) and the other one was Asian without Alzheimer familiarity (45 years old) and affected by an adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis at the moment of withdrawal. Tear samples were collected from eye fornix and were examinated by immunocytochemistry (ICC) assay using anti-Amyloid Beta X-42 antibody. Two out of three tears samples showed positive Amyloid Beta-42. Considering that our patients were phenotypically healthy, the identification of Amyloid Beta-42 by ICC could be a candidable method to make the diagnosis of the disease earlier and more accessible and available then other current and invasive methods and it could be a candidate for a screening method too.

Case Report: Tear liquid for diagnosis of Alzheimer disease.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Del Prete ◽  
Daniela Marasco ◽  
Rosalaura Sabetta ◽  
Antonio Del Prete ◽  
Federica Zito Marino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Fundus Camera ◽  
The Common ◽  
Amyloid Beta 42 ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Retinal Fundus

Abstract Introduction: The common approaches at the diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease(AD) is made with an analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid or the last techniques use the study of retinal fundus and the plaques formation, through OCT or more simply with a fundus camera. Tears’ analysis is widely discussed in literature as an essential method to describe molecular and biochemical alterations in different diseases. The aim of our study was the identification with Immunocytochemistry of Amyloid Beta-42 in tears from patients with or without familiarity for Alzheimer disease, in order to make the diagnosis earlier and more accessible compared to other invasive methods. Case presentation: Our study was performed on tears from three phenotypically healthy subjects: two of them were Caucasian with Alzheimer familiarity (48 and 55 years old) and the other one was Asian without Alzheimer familiarity ( 45 years old) and affected by an adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis at the moment of the withdrawal. Tears samples were collected from eye fornix and were examinated by immunocytochemistry (ICC) assay using anti-Amyloid Beta X-42 antibody. Two out of three tears samples showed positive Amyloid Beta-42. Conclusions: Considering that our patients were phenotypically healthy, the identification of Amyloid Beta-42 by ICC could be a candidable method to make the diagnosis of the disease earlier and more accessible and available then other current and invasive methods and it could be candidate to screening method too.

Oxidative Stress Targeting Amyloid Beta Accumulation and Clearance in Alzheimer’s Disease: Insight into Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-42
Author(s):  
Sunpreet Kaur ◽  
Puneet Kumar ◽  
Shamsher Singh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
App Trafficking ◽  
Copper Aluminum

Background: Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting the elderly population and emerges as a leading challenge for the scientific research community. The wide pathological aspects of AD made it a multifactorial disorder and even after long time it’s difficult to treat due to unexplored etiological factors. Methods: The etiogenesis of AD includes mitochondrial failure, gut dysbiosis, biochemical alterations but deposition of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are implicated as major hallmarks of neurodegeneration in AD. The aggregates of these proteins disrupt neuronal signaling, enhance oxidative stress and reduce activity of various cellular enzymes which lead to neurodegeneration in the cerebral cortex, neocortex and hippocampus. The metals like copper, aluminum are involved in APP trafficking and promote amyloidbeta aggregation. Similarly, disturbed ubiquitin proteasomal system, autophagy and amyloid- beta clearance mechanisms exert toxic insult in the brain. Result and conclusion : The current review explored the role of oxidative stress in disruption of amyloid homeostasis which further leads to amyloid-beta plaque formation and subsequent neurodegeneration in AD. Presently, management of AD relies on the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, antioxidants and metal chelators but they are not specific measures. Therefore, in this review, we have widely cited the various pathological mechanisms of AD as well as possible therapeutic targets.

Levels of amyloid-beta-42 and CSF pressure are directly related in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 124 (12) ◽  
pp. 1621-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Schirinzi ◽  
Giulia Di Lazzaro ◽  
Giulia Maria Sancesario ◽  
Vito Luigi Colona ◽  
Eugenia Scaricamazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Csf Pressure ◽  
Amyloid Beta 42

scholarly journals Ameliorating effect of anti-Alzheimer’s drugs on the bidirectional association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 242 (13) ◽  
pp. 1335-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira S Ahmed ◽  
Rehab M Elgharabawy ◽  
Amal H AL-Najjar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Biochemical Marker ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid Beta 42 ◽  
D Dimer

Mild to severe forms of nervous system damage were exhibited by approximately 60–70% of diabetics. It is important to understand the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of the present work is to understand the bidirectional association between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis, that was monitored by glycaemic status, lipid profile, amyloid beta 40 and 42 (Aβ40 and Aβ42), C-reactive protein, total creatine kinase, total lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer and magnesium measurements, to assess the association between theses biochemical markers and each other, to estimate the possibility of utilizing the amyloid beta as biochemical marker of T2D in Alzheimer's patients, and to evaluate the effect of piracetam and memantine drugs on diabetes mellitus. This study involved 120 subjects divided into 20 healthy control (group I), 20 diabetic patients (group II), 20 Alzheimer’s patients (group III), 20 diabetic Alzheimer's patients with symptomatic treatment (group IV), 20 diabetic Alzheimer's patients treated with memantine (group V), and 20 diabetic Alzheimer's patients treated with piracetam (group VI). The demographic characteristics, diabetic index, and lipid profile were monitored. Plasma amyloid beta 40 and amyloid beta 42, C-reactive protein, total creatine kinase, total lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, and magnesium were assayed. The levels of amyloid beta 40 and amyloid beta 42 were significantly elevated in diabetic Alzheimer's patients with symptomatic treatment (group IV) compared to group II (by 50.5 and 7.5 fold, respectively) and group III (by 25.4 and 2.8 fold, respectively). In groups II, III, IV, V and VI, significant and positive associations were monitored between insulin and amyloid beta 40, amyloid beta 42, C-reactive protein, total creatine kinase, and D-dimer. Diabetic markers were significantly decreased in diabetic Alzheimer’s patients treated with anti-Alzheimer’s drugs (especially piracetam) compared to group IV. This study reveals the role of amyloid beta 40, amyloid beta 42, insulin, HbA1c, lipid profile disturbance, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and magnesium in the bidirectional correlation between T2D and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, that is powered by their correlations, and therefore the possibility of utilizing Aβ as a biochemical marker of T2D in Alzheimer's patients is recommended. Impact statement Several aspects associated with T2D that contribute to AD and vice versa were investigated in this study. Additionally, this work reveals the role of Aβ40, Aβ42, insulin, HbA1c, lipid profile disturbance, CRP, D-dimer, and magnesium in the bidirectional association between T2D and the pathogenesis of AD, that is powered by their correlations, and therefore the possibility of utilizing Aβ as a biochemical marker of T2D in Alzheimer's patients is recommended. Furthermore, the ameloriating effect of anti-Alzheimer’s drugs on diabetes mellitus confirms this association. Hereafter, a new approach for treating insulin resistance and diabetes may be developed by new therapeutic potentials such as neutralization of Aβ by anti-Aβ antibodies.

P4-115: Genetic variants in presenilins and correlation to amyloid-beta 42 levels in cerebrospinal fluid and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4S_Part_15) ◽  
pp. P465-P465
Author(s):  
Christine A.F. von Arnim ◽  
Elena Lebedeva ◽  
Dietmar Thal ◽  
Estifanos Ghebremedhin ◽  
Joachim Strauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Amyloid Beta 42

Mean age of onset in familial Alzheimer's disease is determined by amyloid beta 42

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Duering ◽  
Marcus O.W. Grimm ◽  
Heike S. Grimm ◽  
Johannes Schröder ◽  
Tobias Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Familial Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Amyloid Beta 42 ◽  
Familial Alzheimer's Disease
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