scholarly journals Introduction to Special Issue: The Mutual Influence of Religion and Science in the Human Understanding and Exploration of Outer Space

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Deana L. Weibel ◽  
Glen E. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Method ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Religion And Science ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Distant Galaxies ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere ◽  
Engineering Physics

When considering the exploration of outer space people typically think about technology, engineering, physics, and the use of the scientific method to understand what is out there, beyond the Earth’s atmosphere, from the nearby Moon to distant galaxies only visible through the use of high-powered telescopes [...]

scholarly journals Die Hubble-Ruimteteleskoop: ’n Kort Oorsig

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
C. Koen
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere ◽  
Adverse Influence

Telescopes are placed in orbit around the earth in order to avoid the adverse influence of the earth's atmosphere on radiation from outer space.

1. What is special about Earth’s atmosphere?

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Paul I. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Relative Proximity ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere ◽  
Different Characteristics

‘What is special about Earth’s atmosphere?’ describes the several interconnected layers that make up Earth’s atmosphere before considering the atmospheres of other planets. Each layer has different characteristics determined by the density of air and their relative proximity to Earth’s surface and outer space. The lower atmosphere consists of the troposphere, which extends from the surface to the tropopause at 10–15 km. The middle atmosphere is comprised of the stratosphere, extending to the stratopause at 50 km, and the mesosphere that stretches to the mesopause at 100 km. Above this is the upper atmosphere divided into the thermosphere, which takes us to 500–1,000 km, and the exosphere, which extends to the near vacuum of outer space.

scholarly journals On the possibility of through passage of asteroid bodies across the Earth’s atmosphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 493 (1) ◽  
pp. 1344-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniil E Khrennikov ◽  
Andrei K Titov ◽  
Alexander E Ershov ◽  
Vladimir I Pariev ◽  
Sergei V Karpov
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Substantial Fraction ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Asteroid Body ◽  
Tunguska Event ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere ◽  
Solar Orbit

ABSTRACT We have studied the conditions of through passage of asteroids with diameters 200, 100, and 50 m, consisting of three types of materials – iron, stone, and water ice, across the Earth’s atmosphere with a minimum trajectory altitude in the range 10–15 km. The conditions of this passage with a subsequent exit into outer space with the preservation of a substantial fraction of the initial mass have been found. The results obtained support our idea explaining one of the long-standing problems of astronomy – the Tunguska phenomenon, which has not received reasonable and comprehensive interpretations to date. We argue that the Tunguska event was caused by an iron asteroid body, which passed through the Earth’s atmosphere and continued to the near-solar orbit.

scholarly journals NGST: Seeing the First Stars and Galaxies Form

1999 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 493-499
Author(s):  
H.S. Stockman ◽  
John Mather
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
First Stars ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Space Telescope ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Distant Galaxies ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere

The Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) is a key element in NASA's Origins program. The primary goals for the NGST are observing the origins of stars, galaxies, and the elements that are necessary for life. To reach those goals, the telescope must work in the near and mid-infrared – at wavelengths where the Earth's atmosphere outshines the distant galaxies by up to 8 orders of magnitude. NASA, industry, US astronomers and international collaborators have completed the initial feasibility study and have begun the development of the technologies required to make the mission affordable and ready to launch by 2007.

scholarly journals Marking Territory in the Infinite—Speculating on the implications of flags in space

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor R. Genovese
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere

Originally posted here: http://peepsforum.com/international-flag-planet-earth/An article discussing the colonization of outer space and what possible philosophical implications of carrying flags outside of Earth's atmosphere.

Calorimeters for Measuring Natural Phenomena

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Wigmans
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Cherenkov Telescopes ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Andromeda Galaxy ◽  
Supernova Explosions ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere

Since the first edition of this book appeared (2000), there has been a spectacular development in the use of calorimeters for measuring natural phenomena, such as the detection of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, or neutrinos from sources such as the Sun, the Earth’s atmosphere, or the Universe at large. This development is documentsed in this chapter. It starts with a section on SuperKamiokande, which has already collected two Nobel prizes, and its envisaged successor HyperKamiokande, which is designed to be sensitive to neutrinos from supernova explosions in the Andromeda galaxy. On an even larger scale, several sections of the Mediterranean sea as well a cubic kilometre of ice under the South Pole are looking for neutrinos from outer space, and are detecting other interesting phenomena as well. The Earth’s atmosphere is used as a huge calorimeter by experiments such as Auger and KASKADE-Grande. Combined with dedicated Cherenkov telescopes, such as HESS, these experiments have provided important new insights in mysterious aspects of the high-energy component of the cosmic rays that bombard our planet, such as the knees in the PeV-EeV region and the GZK cutoff.

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