scholarly journals Yedidyah Ha-Alexandri and the Crisis of the Modern Jewish Age: Philo of Alexandria as an Exemplary Ḥasid in Naḥman Krochmal’s Thought

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Ze’ev Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
First Century ◽  
Second Temple Judaism ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Philo Of Alexandria ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Spiritual Crisis ◽  
Guide Of The Perplexed

The present article sets out to answer the question of the extent to which Naḥman Krochmal’s reappraisal of Philo of Alexandria in the light of his Jewish faith reflects a deep spiritual crisis that was engulfing the Maskilic world: the encroaching expansion of modern Hasidism with its transformed understanding of traditional Judaism among Eastern European communities. To this end, a major component of Krochmal’s Jewish historical thought as expressed in his masterful unfinished work Guide of the Perplexed of the Modern Age can be revealed. The examination employs two methods in order to uncover the intent behind Krochmal’s fragmentary presentation of Philo: exploring his utilization of Dähne’s Geschichtliche Darstellung der jüdisch-alexandrinischen Religionsphilosophie to demonstrate the congruence of Philo’s thought with Tannaitic ethics and drawing on similar depictions of Philo found among his circles and pupils. The study claims that Krochmal’s revival of Philo as a key Jewish thinker is politically mobilized for an ideological assault on the Hasidim, with whom the Maskilim had ongoing conflicts. Reconstructing his portrayal of Philo as a paragon of Second Temple Judaism, the paper argues that Krochmal projects his own spiritual crisis from the Maskilic settings of nineteenth-century Galicia onto the Jewish reality of first-century Alexandria, thus reproducing a valiant image of Philo as the embodiment of the Maskilic consciousness that was grappling with the ancient, overly theoretical Hasideans of his days.

Going Through Hell; ΤΑΡΤΑΡΟΣ in Greco-Roman Culture, Second Temple Judaism, and Philo of Alexandria

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-378
Author(s):  
Clint Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
Second Temple Judaism ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Philo Of Alexandria ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Roman Culture ◽  
Greek Myths

This article questions the longstanding supposition that the eschatology of the Second Temple period was solely influenced by Persian or Iranian eschatology, arguing instead that the literature of this period reflects awareness of several key Greco-Roman mythological concepts. In particular, the concepts of Tartarus and the Greek myths of Titans and Giants underlie much of the treatment of eschatology in the Jewish literature of the period. A thorough treatment of Tartarus and related concepts in literary and non-literary sources from ancient Greek and Greco-Roman culture provides a backdrop for a discussion of these themes in the Second Temple period and especially in the writings of Philo of Alexandria.

Figures of Authority in Nineteenth-Century Ireland

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
First Century ◽  
Western World ◽  
Catholic Priests ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Emotional Politics ◽  
Print Cultures

This interdisciplinary collection investigates the forms that authority assumed in nineteenth-century Ireland, the relations they bore to international redefinitions of authority, and Irish contributions to the reshaping of authority in the modern age. At a time when age-old sources of social, political, spiritual and cultural authority were eroded in the Western world, Ireland witnessed both the restoration of older forms of authority and the rise of figures who defined new models of authority in a democratic age. Using new comparative perspectives as well as archival resources in a wide range of fields, eleven chapters show how new authorities were embodied in emerging types of politicians, clerics and professionals, and in material extensions of their power in visual, oral and print cultures. Their analyses often eerily echo twenty-first-century debates about populism, the suspicion towards scholarly and intellectual expertise, and the role of new technologies and forms of association in contesting and recreating authority. Several contributions highlight the role of emotion in the way authority was deployed by figures ranging from O’Connell to Catholic priests and W.B. Yeats, foreshadowing the perceived rise of emotional politics in our own age. This volume stresses that many contested forms of authority that now look ‘traditional’ emerged from 19th-century crises and developments, as did the challenges that undermine authority.

Climbing the Lampstand-Witness-Trees: Revelation's Use of Zechariah 4 in Light of Speech Act Theory

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Cullen Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
First Century ◽  
Second Temple Judaism ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Witness Trees ◽  
The Church

AbstractThis article traces John's use of Zechariah 4 through its most likely first century perceptions in conjunction with the implicit ecclesial audience of Revelation. After placing the Apocalypse amid the atmosphere of Second Temple Judaism in the Roman Empire, it provides conjecture as to the theological implications of these speech acts on the Church of Revelation. These findings are then used to piece together the illocutionary force of John's use of Zechariah 4 and the resulting perlocution, which together comprise an essential element of the pneumatology that John supports in Revelation. When interpreting through such a lens, one ought to ask not only who the Spirit is but how this biblical author anticipated his audience to act in response to this document and to the Holy Spirit.

scholarly journals The Twenty-First-Century Reinvention of Carnival Rituals in Paris and Cherbourg

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-127
Author(s):  
Monika Salzbrunn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
First Century ◽  
Creative Collaboration ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Transformative Potential ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
Twenty First Century

Carnival as a research object has been studied from a multiplicity of perspectives: folklore studies, European ethnology, social and cultural anthropology, history, sociology, etc. Each of these disciplines has enriched the literature by focusing on different aspects of the event, such as its participatory nature, its transformative potential (at an individual or collective level), and its political dimension broadly conceived. The present article reviews this scholarship and uses it to analyze the contemporary Parisian Carnival, which has tried to revive the nineteenth-century Promenade du Boeuf Gras tradition on a local and translocal level through its creative collaboration with the carnival of Cherbourg, Normandy. I argue that, through satire and other politicized carnival rituals, the recent protagonists of Parisian Carnival (Les Fumantes de Pantruche) have reinvented the festivities and influenced Norman Carnival, thus extending the boundaries of belonging in both cities.

The Non-Masoretic Hebrew Vorlage of the Old Greek Ezekiel (LXX967/LXXB), Other Non-Masoretic and Proto-Masoretic Ezekiel Texts: Evidence from Quotations of and Allusions to Ezekiel in Second Temple Judaism

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-351
Author(s):  
Karin Finsterbusch
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
History Of The Book ◽  
First Century ◽  
Second Temple Judaism ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
Textual History ◽  
Damascus Document ◽  
History Of ◽  
Old Greek ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract In Second Temple Jewish Literature, more than a hundred quotations of and allusions to Ezekiel are preserved. Although only a few of them are text-critically relevant, these cases may help to shed light on the complex textual history of the book. In this article, eleven cases of quotations and allusions are analyzed in detail: Six cases should be regarded as evidence for the existence of the non-masoretic Hebrew Vorlage of the Old Greek Ezekiel. In two of these cases, non-aligned textual elements appear as well. Taken together with two non-aligned cases in the Damascus Document, these quotations and allusions substantiate the assumption that even more non-masoretic Ezekiel texts were in use until the beginning of the first century BCE—alongside proto-masoretic Ezekiel texts, which are attested by three cases of quotations and allusions.

Philo of Alexandria

2019 ◽  
pp. 299-316
Author(s):  
Gregory E. Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
First Century ◽  
Latin Translation ◽  
Historical Contingency ◽  
Philo Of Alexandria ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Foregone Conclusion

The largest corpus of Jewish writings from the Second Temple period was preserved not by Jews, but by Christians. This chapter explores the transmission of the writings of Philo of Alexandria by using “historical contingency” to address why Christians preserved the works of Philo. It identifies four major contingencies: the destruction of the Alexandrian Jewish community in 115–117 CE, Origen’s move from Alexandria to Caesarea c. 232 CE and the impact on the Episcopal library, Philo’s role in the embassy of 38 CE and the later Latin translation of some of his works, and the adoption of a selection of Philo’s texts in the curriculum at Constantinople and the translation of selections from his work into Armenian. The preservation of Philo’s corpus was not a foregone conclusion in the first century CE. If any of these events had turned out differently, we would have lost the bulk or a significant portion of his writings.

Second Temple Judaism, Jesus, and Women Yeast of Eden

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy-Jill Levine
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
First Century ◽  
Second Temple Judaism ◽  
Jewish Women ◽  
Jesus Movement ◽  
Liberated Women

AbstractReconstructions of first-century Judaism frequently depict a systemic patriarchy that oppressed and repressed Jewish women; such studies also argue that Jesus' message liberated women from their hierarchical, misogynistic social context and located them within an egalitarian community. Addressing the various data on women in formative Judaism and exploring the sayings material of the Gospels that might reflect the Palestinian Jesus movement, this article suggests revisions of both models.

Purity and Property at Gezer: The Commons in a Second Temple Town

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Noah Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
Second Temple Judaism ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Boundary Making ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Important Evidence ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract Since the late nineteenth century, thirteen rock-cut inscriptions have been detected in the vicinity of Tel Gezer. Their date, function, and relationship to settlement history have all been debated. This article systematically relates the so-called “Boundary of Gezer” stones to the archaeology of the Hellenistic town on the tel. In doing so, it presents the first publication of an epitaph reused as the threshold of a house reportedly built in the 130s BCE. A boundary-making project of this nature was the result of the Hasmonean conquest of a stronghold of great strategic and ideological significance. The Gezer stones can be elucidated by means of comparison to boundary markers from Gerasa in Transjordan, Achaemenid Cilicia, and Greece. Code-switching between Greek and Hebrew/Aramaic, the bilingual boundaries distinguish between two forms of property, not two populations, providing important evidence for collective property rights in Second Temple Judaism.

Some Observations of Philo's De Gigantibus and Evil Spirits in Second Temple Judaism

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archie Wright
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
Problem Of Evil ◽  
First Century ◽  
Second Temple Judaism ◽  
Human Suffering ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
Eventual Return ◽  
The Problem Of Evil ◽  
Evil Spirits ◽  
Similarities And Differences

AbstractThe following discussion delineates Philo's interpretation of Genesis 6:1-4 in his various treatises. The presentation provides a brief description of his understanding of the journey of the soul, which includes the origin of the soul, its place in the heavens, its time on earth, and its eventual return to the divine realm. Throughout the discussion, I will introduce various points of the interpretation of the Genesis passage found in the Watcher tradition of 1 Enoch and its adaptation in various documents in Second Temple Jewish literature. In doing so, I will highlight the similarities and differences between the interpretations which suggest Philo had knowledge of some form of the Watcher tradition and was perhaps attempting to write a corrective of its understanding of the problem of evil and the cause of human suffering in the first century C.E.

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