scholarly journals Illuminating a Truth: Dṛṣṭānta and Huatou

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Jeson Woo
Keyword(s):  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Chan Buddhism ◽  
Buddhist Logic ◽  
The World

In Chan/Seon/Zen (禪, hereafter referred to as Chan) Buddhism, the gongan (公案), a word that can be literally translated as “public case”, is conceived as both the tool by which enlightenment is brought about and an expression of the enlightened mind itself. Among the diverse styles of gongan, perhaps the most puzzling is a form of its key phrase, huatou (話頭), that utilizes specific things in the world. These things are either real and empirically observable, or conversely, unreal and merely hypothetical. A typical example is the figure of the “cypress tree in the front yard”. This paper tries to demonstrate that such a huatou has a structural similarity to the dṛṣṭānta (喩), an element within the three-part syllogism of Buddhist logic, insomuch as it functions as an epistemic instrument for the disclosing of a truth.

scholarly journals English and Russian Genitive Alternations: A Study in Construction Typology

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-116
Author(s):  
Sergei Monakhov
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Genitive Case

There is little doubt that one of the most important areas of future research within the framework of Construction Grammar will be the comparative study of constructions in different languages of the world. One significant gain that modern Construction Grammar can make thanks to the cross-linguistic perspective is finding a clue to some contradictory cases of construction alternation. The aim of the present paper is to communicate the results of a case study of two pairs of alternating constructions in English and Russian: s-genitive (SG) and of-genitive (OG) in English and noun + noun in genitive case (NNG) and relative adjective derived from noun + noun (ANG) in Russian. It is evident that the long years of elaborate scientific analysis have not yielded any universally accepted view on the problem of English genitive alternation. There are at least five different accounts of this problem: the hypotheses of the animacy hierarchy, given-new hierarchy, topic-focus hierarchy, end-weight principle, and two semantically distinct constructions. We hypothesised that in this case the comparison of the distribution of two English and two Russian genitives could be insightful. The analysis presupposed two consecutive steps. First, we established an inter-language comparability of two pairs of constructions in English and Russian. Second, we tested the similarity of intra-language distribution of each pair of constructions from the perspective of the animacy hierarchy. For these two purposes, two types of corpora were used: (1) a translation corpus consisting of original texts in one language and their translations into one or more languages; and (2) national corpora consisting of original texts in two respective languages. It was established that in both languages, the choice between members of an alternating pair is governed by the rules of animacy hierarchisation. Additionally, it was possible to disprove the idea that the animacy hierarchy is necessarily based on the linearisation hierarchy. Two Russian constructions are typologically aligned with their English counterparts, not on the grounds of the linear order of head and modifier but on the grounds of structural similarity. The English SG and Russian NNG construction are diametrically opposed in terms of word order. However, they reveal the same underlying structure of the inflectional genitive as contrasted with the analytical genitive of the Russian ANG and the English OG. These findings speak strongly in favour of the animacy hierarchy account of English genitive alternation.

scholarly journals Sacred art as the highest manifestation of a person's spiritual worldview

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-142
Author(s):  
Natalya Shelkovaya
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Symbolic Language ◽  
Chan Buddhism ◽  
Sacred Art ◽  
Sacred Architecture ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
Concepts Of God ◽  
The World ◽  
Ex Nihilo ◽  
Main Ideas

The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of a spiritual worldview, the spiritualization of a person, a meeting with the sacred world, God, which is very relevant in the modern technogenic world, through communication with the sacred art, which has its own symbolic language, its own characteristic for each religion, signs that are important for a person as a spiritual, in its main essence, being. The author reveals the nature of sacred art, compares attitudes towards it in the Middle Ages and in our time, reveals the deep symbols of sacred architecture and painting in Christianity, sacred architecture in Islam, and painting in Chan Buddhism. A comparative analysis of the symbols of the sacred art of these religions showed the profound unity of their main ideas: the idea of creating the world in the Void (Creatio ex Nihilo), the idea of the creation of the world by Light, the idea of the manifestation of the Word of God in Christianity and Islam; revealed the common goal of the sacred art of these religions — unity with God, the spiritual world, nature by getting rid of their egoistic subjectivity; discovered a similarity in the creative process of an icon painter in Christianity and an artist in Chan Buddhism and led to conclusions about the synonymy of the concepts of God in Christianity, Allah in Islam and Emptiness in Buddhism.

scholarly journals Trade Competition Measurement and the Choice of Measurement Indexes

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Iulia Monica Dumitrescu ◽  
Nuno Crespo ◽  
Nadia Simões
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
The World ◽  
Consequent Increase ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
Empirical Contribution ◽  
Trade Competition

Abstract The aim of this paper is to bring a methodological and empirical contribution to the measurement of trade competition. Globalization and the emergence of new poles in the world economy brought changes to the global landscape and consequent increase in international trade. There is a debate in the literature with regard the indexes that are better fit to be applied in empirical examples for the acquirement of relevant results for measurement of trade competition. This measurement will be achieved by observing the levels of structural similarity in distinct areas and at different moments in time. A higher degree of similarity between the export structures implies a stronger competition in destination markets. The values obtained for this measurement are highly relevant for the trade competition topic. Through this study we further explore the measurement of trade competition and comparatively discuss several indexes used in this area of research.

Starch-processing enzymes – emphasis on thermostable 4-α-glucanotransferases

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasir Ahmad ◽  
Sumaira Mehboob ◽  
Naeem Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Processing Enzymes ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
The World ◽  
Day By Day

AbstractStarch is a major storage product of several economically important crops and the most common carbohydrate in human diets. A variety of enzymes are capable of starch hydrolysis and a large-scale starch processing industry has emerged in the last century. Enzymatic production of dextrose/glucose, maltose and high fructose syrups is increasing day by day as we have seen a shift from the use of traditional cane sugar to these sweeteners all over the world. The best known starch-processing enzymes are α-amylase, β-amylase and glucoamylase. Among starch-processing enzymes, a group whose functions are comparatively less well understood, are 4-α-glucanotransferases. In this review, we report on the classification of starch-processing enzymes based on the amino acid sequence and structural similarity as well as substrate specificity and reaction mechanism with emphasis on 4-α-glucanotransferases. Furthermore, applications of thermostable starch-processing enzymes are discussed.

scholarly journals The Imperialist Epistemological Vision

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-415
Author(s):  
Abdulwahab Al Masseri
Keyword(s):  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Western World ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Philosophical System ◽  
The World ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Laissez Faire ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Historical Practice

There is a view that imperialism, as a historical practice, constitutesa deviation from western civilization and its conception of the universe,and that the adoption of the imperialist solution, which involves exportingproblems to the rest of the world and hegemony over other nations, isinconsistent with being a liberal, humane, and enlightened civilizatian thathas accepted democracy as philosophy of government, laissez-faire as itseconomic order, and rationalism and humanism as universal philosophy.It is our contention, however, that these varied philosophies do not standin contradiction to the imperialist epistemological vision. Rather, there isa close link between these philosophies and the imperialist vision, whichwill be fully undelstmd once we turn to the epistemological level. Inorder to be aware of such a link, it has to be recognized that all of thesephilosophies are secular in nature, in the sense that they do not admit ofany philosophical system outside the domain of the materialistic order.In our view, secularism is not a separation between religion and thestate, as propagated in both western and Arab writings. Rather, it is theremoval of absolute values-epistemological and ethical-from the worldsuch that the entire world-humanity and nature- alike-becomes merelya utilitarian object to be utilized and subjugated. From this standpoint, wecan see the structural similarity between the secular epistemologicalvision and the imperialist epistemological vision. We can also realize thatimperialism is no more than the exporting of a secular epistemologicaland ethical paradigm from the western world, where it first emerged, tothe rest of the world ...

A Look at Management from the Shaolin Temple

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Shi Xing Mi ◽  
◽  
Stanislav D. Furta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
Spiritual Experience ◽  
Chan Buddhism ◽  
Philosophical System ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Organizational Development Consultants ◽  
Human Eyes

If you ask an ordinary resident of Russia what he knows about the Shaolin Temple, that was hiding for a long time from human eyes in the Songshan Mountains, he will surely remember numerous colourful films on martial arts exercised by the monks. What else? The most advanced will say that Shaolin Monastery is associated with the name of one of the patriarchs of Chan Buddhism, the Indian monastic warrior Bodhidharma, who passed to the Shaolin inhabitants a method that fundamentally changed their practice of perceiving spiritual experience and improving physical health. Meanwhile, Shaolin is an integral harmonious philosophical system based on ancient Eastern wisdom, not at all contradicting Western knowledge (and we will prove it!), but harmoniously complementing the latter. And if we are talking about philosophical system, that is, a picture of how the world works, it is natural to build management approaches within this picture. It is really possible, which is confirmed by experience of the article authors as coaches and organizational development consultants.

A pragmatist philosophy of psychological science and its implications for replication

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gantman ◽  
Robin Gomila ◽  
Joel E. Martinez ◽  
J. Nathan Matias ◽  
Elizabeth Levy Paluck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
William James ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Behavioral Measurement ◽  
The World ◽  
Pragmatist Philosophy

AbstractA pragmatist philosophy of psychological science offers to the direct replication debate concrete recommendations and novel benefits that are not discussed in Zwaan et al. This philosophy guides our work as field experimentalists interested in behavioral measurement. Furthermore, all psychologists can relate to its ultimate aim set out by William James: to study mental processes that provide explanations for why people behave as they do in the world.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

Let's call a memory a memory, but what kind?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazim Keven
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Animal Cognition ◽  
The World

Abstract Hoerl & McCormack argue that animals cannot represent past situations and subsume animals’ memory-like representations within a model of the world. I suggest calling these memory-like representations as what they are without beating around the bush. I refer to them as event memories and explain how they are different from episodic memory and how they can guide action in animal cognition.

Rotational Characteristics of the Green Solar Corona: 1947-1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 139-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rybák ◽  
V. Rušin ◽  
M. Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronal Emission Line ◽  
Homogeneous Data

AbstractFe XIV 530.3 nm coronal emission line observations have been used for the estimation of the green solar corona rotation. A homogeneous data set, created from measurements of the world-wide coronagraphic network, has been examined with a help of correlation analysis to reveal the averaged synodic rotation period as a function of latitude and time over the epoch from 1947 to 1991.The values of the synodic rotation period obtained for this epoch for the whole range of latitudes and a latitude band ±30° are 27.52±0.12 days and 26.95±0.21 days, resp. A differential rotation of green solar corona, with local period maxima around ±60° and minimum of the rotation period at the equator, was confirmed. No clear cyclic variation of the rotation has been found for examinated epoch but some monotonic trends for some time intervals are presented.A detailed investigation of the original data and their correlation functions has shown that an existence of sufficiently reliable tracers is not evident for the whole set of examinated data. This should be taken into account in future more precise estimations of the green corona rotation period.

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