scholarly journals Fraternity versus Parochialism: On Religion and Populism

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Palaver
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Complex Field ◽  
Open Society ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Sermon On The Mount ◽  
First Response ◽  
Universal Human Rights ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between populism and religion is complex because populists hijack religion but are often more interested in belonging than believing. This is one reason why there is a growing distance between populists and many leaders of mainline churches. To understand this complex field, we have to take social crises seriously and see how a static religion is, according to Henri Bergson, the first response to the precariousness of human life. This type of religion has led to closed societies leaning toward pseudospeciation and parochial altruism. Bergson, however, did not only describe static religion but also recognized dynamic religion leading to an open society. Jesus Christ’s Sermon on the Mount, with its call to love one’s enemy, is his key example. By going beyond Bergson, we can recognize dynamic religion as the mystic core of all world religions. Dynamic religion enables a universal fraternity, which is an essential element of every democracy in overcoming its populist temptations by respecting, internally, the rights of minorities and, externally, the universal human rights. Three examples from different religious backgrounds show how dynamic religion supports democracy through fraternity: the fraternal tradition in modern Catholicism, the Muslim philosopher S.B. Diagne and the Hindu M.K. Gandhi.

Universals and Particulars in International Relations Theory

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Robinson ◽  
Anupam Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
English School ◽  
Feminist Scholarship ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
International Ethics ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Universal Human Rights ◽  
The Relationship

One of the most vigorous debates within the discipline of international relations (IR) revolves around the “universal/particular” dichotomy: the tensions between worldviews that emphasize the “whole” as a unified entity or set of ideas—in the case of IR, the “whole” typically refers to the “whole world”—and those that emphasize constituent “parts”, and the differences among them. Discussions regarding universalism and particularism have involved the traditions of realism, liberalism, and the English School, as well as critical theory, poststructuralism, and postcolonialism. Furthermore, the opposition between universalism and particularism has often taken the form of the analysis of conflict between the sovereign state, on one hand, and universal human rights, on the other. Feminists have been particularly influential in challenging the universal/particular debate in the context of human rights. Their perspectives on human rights are exemplary of feminist scholarship in the field of international ethics more generally. Indeed, feminists are constantly striving to mitigate and overcome the tensions between the universal and the particular through their commitment to relationality. The crucial question that remains is: What should be the relationship between the universal and the particular and how should we conceive of this relationship in a non-antagonistic and constructive manner? The answer lies in conceiving the relationship between the two as a dialectical one. In order to understand the universal, it is important to accept the fact that it is derived from particular local contexts and can only be realized through the culturally specific norms and rules in each context.

Psychological Function of Religious Practices

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Yousofi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Religious Involvement ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
The Relationship

There are different sorts of disorder in human life. Some disorders take place directly in the human body which some disorders happen in the soul that is why we are not able to classify them as physical phenomena. The link between bodily health and spiritual health due to religious involvement by a committed person is a general accepted fact and finds a significant favor among the scholars. Avicenna, a great Muslim philosopher and physician, admitted and defended the relation between physical and mental health. The aim of this paper is to deal with the relationship between human bodily-mental health and religious involvement. An argument and detailed explanation is given on why and how religious involvement by a committed person will warrant human mental and bodily health. This paper while presuming that all world religions are in common in this regard but is limited to Islamic perspective. It will be articulated on the basis of Islamic teachings that praying as a first value advice in Quranic verses and other religious practices play an effective role to warrant human health.   Keywords - spiritual, Quranic perspective, physical health

scholarly journals Visiting Holocaust: Related Sites in Germany with Medical Students as an Aid to Teaching Medical Ethics and Human Rights

Conatus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Esteban González-López ◽  
Rosa Ríos-Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Medical Experiments ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nazi Doctors ◽  
Special Meaning ◽  
Doctors And Nurses

Some doctors and nurses played a key role in Nazism. They were responsible for the sterilization and murder of people with disabilities. Nazi doctors used concentration camp inmates as guinea pigs in medical experiments that had military or racial objectives. What we have learnt about the behaviour of doctors and nurses during the Nazi period enables us to reflect on several issues in present-day medicine (research limitations, decision making at the beginning and the end of a life and the relationship between physicians and the State). In some authors' opinions, the teaching of the medical aspects of the Holocaust could be a new model for education relating to professionalism, Human Rights, Bioethics and the respect of diversity. Teaching Medicine and the Holocaust could be a way of informing doctors and nurses of violations of Ethics in the past. Moreover, a Study Trip to Holocaust and Medicine related sites has a strong pedagogical value. Visiting Holocaust related sites, T4 centres and the places where medical experiments were carried out, has a special meaning for medical students. Additionally, tolerance, anti-discrimination, and the value of human life can be both taught and learned through this curriculum. The following article recounts our experiences of organizing and supervising a study trip with a group of medical students to some Holocaust and medicine-related sites in Berlin and Hadamar (Germany). The study tour included lectures at universities in Düsseldorf and Berlin.

scholarly journals Korelasi Hak Asasi Manusia dan Hukum Islam

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-76
Author(s):  
Daniel Alfaruqi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
The West ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Universal Human Rights ◽  
Structured Document

Abstract.The controversy between Islamic law and universal human rights continues to roll. Apart from universal claims to human rights principles, when he saw that the concept came from the West, some Muslims were suspicious and considered it an attempt to secularize Islamic law. As a result, conservative Muslims continue to reject the application of Western standards, even in the name of universal human rights, to legal problems in Muslim societies. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the Islamic response to human rights is a reflection of global, lasting and fundamental demands. By not intending to have anology, in fact Islam has first taught humanity about concepts that are egalitarian, universal and democratic. This concept that is so beautiful and comprehensive is allegedly adopted by the West through the emergence of universal ideas standardized in the convention of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Islamic teachings cover all aspects of human life, and of course they have included rules and high respect for human rights. But it is not in a structured document, but is spread in the holy verses of the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad. The birth of the UDHR and the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam (CDHRI) endorsed by the OIC was an attempt to clarify the actions of Muslim countries on arrogant, authoritarian and arbitrary Western claims.Keywords: Islamic law, human rights Abstrak.Kontroversi antara hukum Islam dan hak-hak asasi manusia universal terus bergulir. Meskipun telah melekat klaim universal pada prinsip-prinsip HAM, ketika melihat bahwa konsep tersebut berasal dari Barat, sebagian umat Islam curiga dan menganggapnya sebagai usaha untuk mensekulerkan hukum Islam. Karena itu, kalangan Muslim konservatif tetap menolak penerapan standar-standar Barat, meskipun atas nama HAM universal, terhadap persoalan-persoalan hukum pada masyarakat Muslim. Berdasarkan penelitian ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa respon Islam terhadap hak asasi manusia adalah cerminan dari tuntutan global, abadi, dan fundamental. Dengan tidak bermaksud untuk berapologi, sesunguhnya Islam telah terlebih dahulu mengajarkan umat manusia tentang konsep yang egaliter, universal, dan demokratis. Konsep yang sedemikian indah dan komprehensif ini disinyalir diadopsi oleh Barat melalui pemunculan ide-ide universal yang dibakukan dalam konvensi Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Ajaran Islam meliputi seluruh aspek dari sisi kehidupan manusia,dan tentu saja telah tercakup di dalamnya aturan dan penghargaan yang tinggi terhadap hak asasi manusia (HAM). Namun memang tidak dalam satu dokumen yang terstruktur, tetapi tersebar dalam ayat-ayat suci al-Quran dan Sunnah Nabi Muhammad SAW. Kelahiran UDHR dan Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam (CDHRI) yang diratifikasi oleh OKI merupakan upaya penjernihan yang dilakukan oleh negara-negara Muslim atas klaim Barat yang arogan, otoriter dan semena-mena.Kata kunci: Hukum Islam, Hak Asasi Manusia

Globalization and Human Rights

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Evans ◽  
Alex Kirkup
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Cultural Relativism ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Social Struggle ◽  
Human Rights Regime ◽  
Universal Human Rights ◽  
Human Rights Act ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

The literature on the relationship between globalization and human rights has laid out three responses to the economic, political, and social transformations of globalization within the human rights. First, some scholars consider globalization as complementary to the progressive realization of universal human rights on a global scale. They cite the extension and deepening of the formal human rights regime through international institutions and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and the emergence of new private, corporate forms of authority. Second, others perceive of globalization as creating substantial challenges for the realization of universal human rights on a global scale. Such scholars are engaged in criticism of the existing institutional arrangements of the formal human rights regime. They highlight the way in which human rights act as a form of power over people, especially where different ways of life are brought into contact and conflict through transformations associated with globalization. Furthermore, they reject the idea of the progressive realization of human rights as some form of an inevitable unfolding of history or as a singularly desired end point, and instead acknowledge conflicting conceptions of rights as expressions of social struggle A third group of scholars are engaged in the critique of the conception and function of human rights within globalization. From this viewpoint, globalization reveals that ideas of universal and indivisible human rights, along with their progressive realization, are flawed and need to be replaced by more substantive concepts. The critiques stem from the perspectives of neo-Marxism, postpositivism, feminism, and cultural relativism.

The State of Play and the Road Ahead

2020 ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Kerri Woods
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Second World War ◽  
First Century ◽  
World War ◽  
The Road ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World

Human rights are a key element of the post-Second World War international order. They function as both an institutional framework and as a powerful idea, and have been adopted and adapted by those seeking to address the most pressing problems of their age. The framers of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) never dreamed of including environmental rights in the list of rights that are fundamental to a decent human life. By the first decades of the twenty-first century, however, it has become clear that environmental problems like climate change generate profound human rights impacts. A sustainable environment is essential to the enjoyment of all human rights, now and henceforth, but extending rights into the future raises many complex questions about the relationship between rights and risk, the right to procreate, and whether and how future people can have human rights.

scholarly journals HAK ASASI MANUSIA DAN PERLINDUNGAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Priya Tandirerung Pasapan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Inherent Part

Attention to environmental issues is not only limited to local or national problems but also as an international problem. Protection of the environment has become a main agenda of the international community. This program based on the reality of various environmental pollution and damage events that have had a profound impact on human life. This article analyzes the relationship between the environment and human rights and the Indonesian government's policy to protect the environment. The purposes of this paper are to find out the correlation between human rights and the environment, and find out the policies of the Indonesian government in this regard. Through this article, it can be seen that the environment is an inherent part of human rights, which the right to a good and healthy environment is a human right. Furthermore, the Indonesian government has also taken steps and efforts in ensuring environmental protection, one of which is through legal instruments of the law.

New national organization of Europe: nationalism and minority rights after the end of the Cold War

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41
Author(s):  
Matti Jutila
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Surface Level ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Universal Human Rights ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Relationship

Post–Cold War Europe witnessed the resurgence of different forms of nationalism and also the re-establishment of a minority rights regime. At the surface level, rights of national minorities seem to undermine nationalism as a political organization principle, but on a closer investigation the relationship between the two is more complex. This article uses insights from the English school’s theorizing on primary and secondary institutions to investigate the relationship between the primary institution of nationalism and secondary institution of minority rights regime. After a brief discussion of nationalism as a primary institution and its influence on the implementation of universal human rights, this article presents a detailed study of the minority rights regime analysing how it challenges, transforms and reproduces nationalism as a primary institution of contemporary European society of states.

Introduction to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Cataldi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Universal Human Rights ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Degree Of Acceptance ◽  
United Nations Charter ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precise Content

The debate on the existence of universal human rights is always alive and involves not only the international law regime but also the enforcement of national laws as well as the relationship between cultural diversity and protection of human rights. It is a fact that not all the principles on human rights included in the major conventions and international acts on human rights come under the same regime, and so the idea of a distinction between conditional human rights rules and absolute human rights rules is not alien to the international mechanism sal, and for this reason its affirmation depends on the degree of acceptance of its principles. This acceptance has so far been much wider than one could imagine. Although it originally represented the point of view mainly of Western countries, the Universal Declaration has been successful as it immediately sought to give precise content to the commitments solemnly made by State with the approval of the United Nations Charter.

scholarly journals Human rights: regulatory balance at the international and national legal levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Denis Stepanov ◽  
Yuliya Chutkova
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Direct Study ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In the 21st century, the processes of globalization and informatization are actively developing, which naturally leads to a number of changes in a wide variety of areas of human life. Changes in the legal sphere are largely related to the peculiarities of regulatory regulation at both the national legal and international legal levels. This article is devoted to a direct study of the relationship of these types of normative regulation in the field of human rights at the present stage.

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