scholarly journals Seven Faces of a Fatwa: Organ Transplantation and Islam

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansur Ali ◽  
Usman Maravia
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Promotional Material ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Moral Culpability ◽  
The Difference

A new fatwa was announced by the British National Health Service (NHS) in June 2019 to clarify the Islamic position on organ donation. Additionally, the NHS promotional material presents brief arguments for and against organ donation in Islam. However, to date, research into the various fatwas on organ donation is required. This article goes beyond the dichotomous positions mentioned by the NHS and goes on to explore and summarise seven conflicting views on the issue extrapolated from an exhaustive reading of fatwas and research papers in various languages since 1925. Our discussion is circumscribed to allotransplant and confined to the gifting of organs to legally competent adult donors at the time of consent. These arguments include an analysis of the semantic portrayal of ownership in the Qur’an; considering the net benefit over the gross harm involved in organ donation; balancing the rights of the human body with the application of the rule of necessity; understanding the difference between anthropophagy and organ transplantation; understanding of death, and the conceptualisation of the soul. We argue that, given the absence of clear-cut direction from Muslim scripture, all seven positions are Islamic positions and people are at liberty to adopt any one position without theological guilt or moral culpability.

scholarly journals Organ Donation in the Context of Brain Death in Muslim Countries: Bioethical Positions

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (07) ◽  
pp. 222-224
Author(s):  
Alqahtani Ibtesam Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Organ Transplants ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The Right ◽  
End Stage

One of the miracles of modern medicine for patients with end stage organ failure is organ transplantation. The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) defines organ donation as giving an organ, tissue, cells, or part of an organ from a living or deceased person (i.e., the donor) to a living person in need (i.e., the recipient). In the last two decades, the number of organ transplants has gradually increased; however, the demand for organ transplantation exceeds the number of available donors. Organs from brain dead donors have been suggested as an alternative option for increasing donation rates when living donors are not available. This article explores the debate surrounding brain death organ donation in Muslim countries. Because organ transplantation is based on Ijtihad, Muslim jurists have no clear-cut text in the Holy Quran or Sunna to use as a foundation for judgment. This has made organ transplants an issue among Muslim scholars and researchers, splitting them into two opinion groups, with one side seeing organ transplantation as legal and the other believing it to be illegal. However, all individuals have the right to choose whether they want to help others by sacrificing parts of themselves and donating their organs. Autonomy, justice, and beneficence must be employed in organ transplantation decision-making.

scholarly journals Explaining the Gender Gap in Waiting Times for Scheduled Surgery in the Portuguese National Health Service

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Joana Cima ◽  
Paulo Guimarães ◽  
Álvaro Almeida
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
National Health ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Parametric Specification ◽  
The Difference

Objective: This paper evaluates the gender gap in waiting times for scheduled surgery, using information on 2.6 million surgical episodes in Portuguese National Health Service hospitals covering the period from 2011 to 2015. Methodology: We estimated the gross gender gap, i.e., the differential between the waiting times of men and women, and then add several explanatory variables that can account for this difference to estimate an adjusted gender gap. The variables are added in a way that permits the most flexible parametric specification. Next, we used Gelbach’s decomposition to understand the contribution of each variable to the difference between the gross and the adjusted gender gaps. Results: The gross gender gap of 10% is reduced to a 3% adjusted gender gap after accounting for observable explanatory factors. Gelbach’s decomposition shows that patient priority and hospital-fixed effects are the variables that contribute the most to the explained component of the gap. The analysis suggests that men tend to be ranked with more severe priorities, and that there are hospital specificities that cause men to have shorter waiting times. Conclusions: Overall, we identified a gender bias against women in surgery waiting times, but the size of the bias is smaller than was previously suggested in the literature.

scholarly journals Diversity and choice in mental healthcare

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 443-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Sugarman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Vulnerable People ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The Uk

SummaryIndependent sector psychiatrists believe that they work hard for the benefit of vulnerable people. Differences between them and National Health Service colleagues are not clear cut in terms of motivation or quality of care. However, unfair generalisations are made about the diverse ‘private sector’, with selective comparison such as with the worst of US healthcare. Although there are many examples of excellence in the UK state, commercial and charity sectors, global economic changes are bringing risk of care failures from which no area can be immune. We should all be working together to protect our patients from the mistakes of others.

Advanced Nursing Practice in Großbritannien – eine persönliche Schilderung

Pflege ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 417-423
Author(s):  
Elke Keinath
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
National Health ◽  
Nurse Practitioner ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Advanced Nursing Practice

Im Artikel werden persönliche Erfahrungen als Advanced Nurse Practitioner (ANP) in der Thoraxchirurgie im National Health Service (NHS) in Großbritannien geschildert. Die tägliche Routine wurde von sieben Kompetenzdomänen bestimmt, nämlich: Management des Gesundheits- und Krankheitszustandes des Patienten, Beziehungen zwischen Pflegeperson und Patient, Lehren und Unterrichten, professionelle Rolle, Leitung und Führung innerhalb der Patientenversorgung, Qualitätsmanagement sowie kulturelle und spirituelle Kompetenzen. Diese Elemente wurden durch die Zusatzqualifikation, selbstständig Medikamente verschreiben und verordnen zu dürfen, erweitert, was dazu beitrug, eine nahtlose Erbringung von Pflege- und Serviceleistungen zu gewähren. Die Position wurde zur zentralen Anlaufstelle im multi-professionellen Team und stellte eine kontinuierliche Weiterführung der Pflege von Patienten und ihren Familien sicher – auch über Krankenhausgrenzen hinweg.

76-OR: UK 1st National Health Service (NHS) EndoBarrier (EB) Service for Uncontrolled Diabesity: 2-Year Outcomes for All 62 Treated Patients

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 76-OR
Author(s):  
ROBERT E.J. RYDER ◽  
MAHENDER YADAGIRI ◽  
SUSAN P. IRWIN ◽  
WYN BURBRIDGE ◽  
MELANIE C. WYRES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
National Health
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