scholarly journals The Sociology of Religion in a Post-Colonial Era: Towards Theoretical Reflexivity

Religions ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
James Spickard
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Scientific Process ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Cultural Origins ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

This article makes two points. First, it argues that sociology, like all knowledge, is shaped, though not determined, by its historical-cultural origins. Early sociology arose in 19th-century Europe and its core concepts were shaped by that era—both in what they reveal about society and what they hide. We now realize this, so we sociologists of religion need to examine our inherited concepts to understand those concepts’ limitations. We also need to include an analysis of the way the current historical-cultural situation shapes sociology today. This is the theoretical reflexivity called for in the title. Second, the article argues that expanding sociology’s conceptual canon to include insights from other historical-cultural locations is more than just an ethical matter. It is also epistemological. Sociology does not make progress unless it includes insights from as many standpoints as possible. This does not mean that all insights are equal. It does mean that all have the potential to improve sociological understanding. Whether or not they actually do so is a matter for the scientific process to decide.

scholarly journals ‘The farm that became a great problem’: Epworth Mission Station and the manifestation of mission in crisis in post-independence Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richman Ncube ◽  
Selaelo T. Kgatla
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Methodist Church ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Great Problem ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Mission Work ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Desk Research

Mission stations were created to radiate the light of Christianity to the surrounding communities. However, as time passed, what was meant to be the light became an eyesore to the noble intentions of the initial founders. Epworth Mission Station brings together the manifestation of a failed mission vision, as exemplified by the challenges and the squalid conditions of what was once a promising mission. This study explores the origins and challenges faced at a mission station and in particular Epworth of the Methodist Church in Harare. It looks at the challenges of the 19th-century mission approach in a post-colonial era. With the changes in political and religious terrain in Africa, mission work has suffered.Contribution: Using qualitative methods, which included desk research, archival and ethnographic approaches, the researcher sought to uncover the latent sources and nature of the mission problems and ended by suggesting what new approaches can be used to salvage respectability of mission in a post-colonial era. These include missional orientation and decolonisation of the African mind.

scholarly journals O Santo Ofício em Portugal e a narrativa crítica de Alexandre Herculano em relação à Inquisição / The Holy Office in Portugal and the Critical Narrative of Alexandre Herculaneum in Relation to the Inquisition

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (64) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Felipe Dos Santos Matias
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Work History ◽  
Second Moment ◽  
The Real ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jose Saramago ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

Resumo: O presente artigo estuda, inicialmente, o Santo Ofício português – iniciado em 1536 e oficialmente extinto apenas no século XIX, em 1821 –, procurando abordar alguns aspectos históricos, sociais, políticos e culturais decorrentes do funcionamento do tribunal inquisitorial em solo luso. Para tanto, dialoga-se com historiadores e intelecuais como António Baião, Anita Novinsky, António Sérgio, Lana Lage da Gama Lima, Giuseppe Marcocci, José Pedro Paiva, Toby Green, António José Saraiva, Eduardo Lourenço, dentre outros. Em um segundo momento do estudo, analisa-se a obra História da origem e estabelecimento da Inquisição em Portugal (1854), de Alexandre Herculano (1810-1877), buscando-se evidenciar a forma pela qual a narrativa historiográfica herculaniana constituiu um discurso crítico em relação à institucionalização da Inquisição no reino português – durante a monarquia de D. João III – e aos laços estreitos entre os poderes real e religioso.Palavras-chave: Inquisição; Portugal; Alexandre Herculano.Abstract: This article initially studies the Portuguese Holy Office - which began in 1536 and was officially extinguished only in the 19th century, in 1821 - and seeks to address some historical, social, political and cultural aspects arising from the operation of the Inquisitorial Court on Portuguese soil. To do so, it dialogues with historians and intellectuals such as António Baião, Anita Novinsky, António Sérgio, Lana Lage da Gama Lima, Giuseppe Marcocci, José Pedro Paiva, Toby Green, António José Saraiva, Eduardo Lourenço, among others. In a second moment of study, the work History of the origin and establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal (1854), by Alexandre Herculano (1810-1877), is analyzed, seeking to highlight the way in which the herculanian historiographic narrative constituted a discursive criticism in relation to the institutionalization of the Inquisition in the Portuguese kingdom – during the monarchy of D. João III – and to the close ties between the real and religious powers.Keywords:Inquisition; Portugal; Alexandre Herculano.Resumo: O presente artigo[1] estuda, inicialmente, o Santo Ofício português – iniciado em 1536 e oficialmente extinto apenas no século XIX, em 1821 –, procurando abordar alguns aspectos históricos, sociais, políticos e culturais decorrentes do funcionamento do tribunal inquisitorial em solo luso. Para tanto, dialoga-se com historiadores e intelecuais como António Baião, Anita Novinsky, António Sérgio, Lana Lage da Gama Lima, Giuseppe Marcocci, José Pedro Paiva, Toby Green, António José Saraiva, Eduardo Lourenço, dentre outros. Em um segundo momento do estudo, analisa-se a obra História da origem e estabelecimento da Inquisição em Portugal (1854), de Alexandre Herculano (1810-1877), buscando-se evidenciar a forma pela qual a narrativa historiográfica herculaniana constituiu um discurso crítico em relação à institucionalização da Inquisição no reino português – durante a monarquia de D. João III – e aos laços estreitos entre os poderes real e religioso.Palavras-chave: Inquisição; Portugal; Alexandre Herculano.Abstract: This article initially studies the Portuguese Holy Office - which began in 1536 and was officially extinguished only in the 19th century, in 1821 - and seeks to address some historical, social, political and cultural aspects arising from the operation of the Inquisitorial Court on Portuguese soil. To do so, it dialogues with historians and intellectuals such as António Baião, Anita Novinsky, António Sérgio, Lana Lage da Gama Lima, Giuseppe Marcocci, José Pedro Paiva, Toby Green, António José Saraiva, Eduardo Lourenço, among others. In a second moment of study, the work History of the origin and establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal (1854), by Alexandre Herculano (1810-1877), is analyzed, seeking to highlight the way in which the herculanian historiographic narrative constituted a discursive criticism in relation to the institutionalization of the Inquisition in the Portuguese kingdom – during the monarchy of D. João III – and to the close ties between the real and religious powers.Keywords: Inquisition; Portugal; Alexandre Herculano.[1] Este estudo é parte da tese As representações da Inquisição nos discursos historiográfico de Alexandre Herculano e literário de José Saramago, defendida em 2014, na UFJF. 

scholarly journals Post colonial psychiatric care in Ghana

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 228-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ewusi-Mensah
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Trained Staff ◽  
The 19Th Century

The development of psychiatric care in Ghana since the colonial era in the 19th century, up to the present, is described. Distorted planning and limited accessibility to psychiatric services in many parts of the country, coupled with shortage of trained staff of all grades (including psychiatrists and nurses) plus inadequate funding, have adversely affected the establishment of a fully comprehensive psychiatric service. Suggestions for improving services into the 21st century are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals The inheritance of colonial penological practices in the postcolonial and apartheid periods: A histography of South Africa

2022 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 727-746
Author(s):  
Hendrick Puleng Motlalekgosi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Prison System ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
National Party ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

Colonialism has had an influence on many sectors across the board in South Africa including the prison system among others. Its impact could be seen in the way prisoners were treated during the post-colonial era and apartheid era. This paper seeks to demonstrate the relationship between the colonial, post-colonial and apartheid penological practices by examining the treatment of prisoners during the said periods. Examination of this relationship may be useful in understanding what really informed the promulgation of racist policies during the post-colonial period and apartheid period. This paper contends that the legislation that was promulgated during the post-colonial and apartheid periods, which were  legislative instruments on how prisoners were treated, were in fact a formalization and continuation of what had already being practiced during the colonial era. The following themes are central to this discourse: The colonial period between the 1840s and 1909; The post-colonial period between 1910 and 1948 and; The National Party era (apartheid era): 1948 – 1993.

scholarly journals CONSTITUTIONAL PRACTICE OF ASEAN’S COUNTRIES: QUESTIONING JUDICIAL REVIEW, RELIGIONS AND MINORITY ISSUES

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Siddiq Armia
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Westminster Model ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Way

ASEAN countries have culture and ethnic varieties affecting the way of having a state. Those countries in this region have had an energetic constitution moved on adjusting the time. In respecting the spirit of democracy and also part of constitutional practice, those countries have frequently amended their constitution. ASEAN countries have had the numerous models of constitutional practice adopted from the post-colonial era. It has now, nevertheless, been doing a consistent renewal, in particular, activated and greatly animated by the need to re-examine and re-evaluate existing rules to make them relevant to common and indigenous models and value systems. Looking the system ASEAN countries implementing their constitution, it can be reviewed that there are three models of constitutional practice have been taking place in ASEAN; firstly is the Westminster Model, Socialist Model, and Mixed Model.

scholarly journals Open Migration Policy and Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 416-421
Author(s):  
Madiyem Layapan ◽  
Romzi Ationg ◽  
Mohd. Sohaimi Esa ◽  
Mohd. Azri Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Policy Improvement ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Do So

The advent of post-colonial era shows Asia-Pacific regions such as Malaysia, China, Korea, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan have restricted migration policy. Despite the restriction, intellectual debates about the prospect of having open migration grew. The debates generally concentrate on what exactly are the benefits and risks of introducing open migration. This paper seeks to discuss what exactly are the benefits and risk of having open migration policies. To do so, it is argued that explanation on what exactly are the benefits and risk of having open migration policy must be tracked down by analyzing the security, economic and cultural issues in receiving country. Accordingly, based on literature as well as documents review, this paper suggest that open migration policy can be a source of security threats in receiving country which including the way that open migration may bring about uncontrolled population growth. In contrast, open migration policy may bring about economic and cultural enrichment in receiving country. Therefore, given the fact that open migration may bring about risks and benefits to receiving countries, this paper also explores the prospect of migration policy improvement as means of application for not only preventing the country form any risks, but also consolidating the economic and cultural enrichment though migration policy.

The ‘internationalization’ of social sciences as an ‘obstacle’ to understanding the ongoing Arab revolts†

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques E. Kabbanji
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Global South ◽  
Edward Said ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Western Hegemony ◽  
The Way

This paper addresses two main topics. First, the ways in and extent to which scholars from, or originated from, the ‘Global South’ have avoided succumbing to the appeal of dominant ‘Western’ perspectives when practising their vocation as social scientists. Second, the price paid for lack of appropriate knowledge when social scientists adopt dominant paradigms in studying ‘undisciplined’ societies, i.e. the ones that do not ‘correspond’ to dominant ideal types. Approaches based on the Weberian paradigm will be specifically considered in this regard. Jacques Kabbanji concedes that there has indeed been a shift from the colonial era, which produced the Orientalism that Edward Said and others so effectively exposed as subjective and instrumental to Western hegemony. Yet, he argues, in the post-colonial era the way in which many Arab scholars have responded to the Orientalist critique, together with other critiques of mainstream social science by scholars from the Global South, has ended up endorsing a newly hegemonic social science that actually reinvents ‘Arab exceptionalism’. This poses a problem for would-be analysts of the Arab revolts that began in 2010.

Remembering the Past in Nineteenth-Century Scotland

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prevailing View ◽  
The Way

At a time when the Union between Scotland and England is once again under the spotlight, Remembering the Past in Nineteenth-Century Scotland examines the way in which Scotland’s national heroes were once remembered as champions of both Scottish and British patriotism. Whereas 19th-century Scotland is popularly depicted as a mire of sentimental Jacobitism and kow-towing unionism, this book shows how Scotland’s national heroes were once the embodiment of a consistent, expressive and robust view of Scottish nationality. Whether celebrating the legacy of William Wallace and Robert Bruce, the reformer John Knox, the Covenanters, 19th-century Scots rooted their national heroes in a Presbyterian and unionist view of Scotland’s past. Examined through the prism of commemoration, this book uncovers collective memories of Scotland’s past entirely opposed to 21st-century assumptions of medieval proto-nationalism and Calvinist misery. Detailed studies of 19th-century commemoration of Scotland’s national heroes Uncovers an all but forgotten interpretation of these ‘great Scots’ Shines a new light on the mindset of nineteenth-century Scottish national identity as being comfortably Scottish and British Overturns the prevailing view of Victorian Scottishness as parochial, sentimental tartanry

Domestic Violence and the Islamic Tradition

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-133
Author(s):  
Hamid Mavani
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Novel Reading ◽  
Analytic Skills ◽  
Do So

The polyvalent Qur’anic text lends itself to multiple interpretations, dependingupon one’s presuppositions and premises. In fact, Q. 3:7 distinguishesbetween muḥkam (explicit, categorical) and mutashābih (metaphorical, allegorical,symbolic) verses. As such, this device provides a way for reinterpretingverses that outwardly appear to be problematic – be it in the area ofgender equality, minority rights, religious freedom, or war. However, manyof the verses dealing with legal provisions in such areas as devotional matters,marriage, divorce, child custody, inheritance and bequest, and specific punishmentsappear to be unequivocal, categorical, and explicit. As such, scholarshave devised certain hermeneutical strategies to situate and contextualizethese verses in a particular socio-historical context, as well as to emphasizethat they were in conversation with the society to which the Qur’an was revealedand thereby underlining the “performative” (p.15) nature of the relationshipbetween the Qur’an and the society.No verse is more problematic, in the sense that it offends contemporarysensibilities and is quite difficult to reconcile with an egalitarian worldviewwhen dealing with gender issues, than Q. 4:34, which allows the husband todiscipline his wife if he deems her guilty of nushūz (e.g., disobedience, intransigence,sexual lewdness, aloofness, dislike or hatred of himself). AyeshaChaudhry undertakes a study of this challenging verse by engaging the corpusof literature in Arabic from the classical period to the seventeenth century; shealso includes Urdu and English sources for the post-colonial period.She starts off by relating her personal journey from a state of discomfortand puzzlement when she first came across this verse in middle school to adefensive posture in trying to convince herself by invoking the Prophet’scompassion toward his wives and in cherishing the idea that the Qur’an gavemore rights to women than either the Hebrew Bible or the New Testament.She began a more rigorous and nuanced study of this verse after equippingherself with the necessary academic tools and analytic skills during her universitystudies. Frustrated with the shallow responses and the scholars’ circumspectionas regards any creative and novel reading of the verse for fearof losing their status in the community, she decided to do so herself with thehope of discovering views that would promote an egalitarian reading ...

Emerson's Memory Loss

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
William James ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Margaret Fuller ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Important Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

Emerson’s Memory Loss is about an archive of texts documenting Emerson’s intellectual state during the final phase of his life, as he underwent dementia. It is also about the way these texts provoke a rereading of the more familiar canon of Emerson’s thinking. Emerson’s memory loss, Hanlon argues, contributed to the shaping of a line of thought in America that emphasizes the social over the solipsistic, the affective over the distant, the many over the one. Emerson regarded his output during the time when his patterns of cognition transformed profoundly as a regathering of focus on the nature of memory and of thinking itself. His late texts theorize Emerson’s experience of senescence even as they disrupt his prior valorizations of the independent mind teeming with self-sufficient conviction. But still, these late writings have succumbed to a process of critical forgetting—either ignored by scholars or denied inclusion in Emerson’s oeuvre. Attending to a manuscript archive that reveals the extent to which Emerson collaborated with others—especially his daughter, Ellen Tucker Emerson—to articulate what he considered his most important work even as his ability to do so independently waned, Hanlon measures the resonance of these late texts across the stretch of Emerson’s thinking, including his writing about Margaret Fuller and his meditations on streams of thought that verge unto those of his godson, William James. Such ventures bring us toward a self defined less by its anxiety of overinfluence than by its communality, its very connectedness with myriad others.

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