scholarly journals Effect of SEBS and OBC on the Impact Strength of Recycled Polypropylene/Talc Composites

Recycling ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Monti ◽  
Maria Teresa Scrivani ◽  
Valentina Gianotti
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Automotive Sector ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Notched Specimens ◽  
Recycled Polypropylene ◽  
Typical Material ◽  
Linear Triblock Copolymer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

In this paper, we report a study on the use of a linear triblock copolymer based on styrene and ethylene/butylene (SEBS) and a polypropylene (PP)-based olefin block copolymer (OBC) for improving the impact strength of a recycled polypropylene (PP) from packaging waste. Talc was used as a reinforcing filler in order to prepare a material suitable for being used in the automotive sector. The composite mixtures were prepared by melt extrusion, and the samples were manufactured by injection molding. Impact strength was evaluated by Izod tests, and a morphological study of the produced fractures was performed. As a result, a composite with substantially improved impact properties was prepared, with a two-fold increase of the impact strength in the case of unnotched specimens, while only a limited positive effect was produced on notched specimens. Since talc-filled PP is a typical material used in the automotive sector, the obtained results demonstrate that post-consumer PP coming from the municipal waste collection of plastic packaging can be successfully used in car components with no compromise in terms of mechanical requirements.

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Based Heat Stabilizer on Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride for Pipe Applications: A Comparative Study with Pb and CaZn Systems

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Chanchira Jubsilp ◽  
Aran Asawakosinchai ◽  
Phattarin Mora ◽  
Duangporn Saramas ◽  
Sarawut Rimdusit
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Heat Stabilizer ◽  
Degradation Behaviors ◽  
Initial Color ◽  
Rigid Pvc ◽  
Isothermal Kinetic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

In this paper, the effects of organic based stabilizers (OBS) are investigated and compared with traditional lead (Pb) and calcium zinc (CaZn) heat stabilizers regarding their processability, mechanical property, and thermal degradation behaviors in rigid PVC pipe applications. In addition, the effects of repeated processing cycles on the degree of gelation and the impact strength of the PVC/OBS, PVC/CaZn, and PVC/Pb are also examined. A repeated processing cycle of those three types of the heat stabilizers up to four cycles was found to increase the degree of gelation and proved no significant effect on the impact strength and heat resistance of the resulting PVC samples. The OBS showed a positive effect on preventing the autocatalytic-typed thermal degradation of the PVC samples. This leads to a longer retention time for the initial color change of the PVC/OBS compared to PVC/Pb or PVC/CaZn systems. This characteristic was related to a more uniform fusion behavior of the PVC/OBS, i.e., the lowest gelation speed and the longest fusion time. The non-isothermal kinetic parameter determined by the Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods of the dehydrochlorination stage of the PVC/OBS was in satisfactory agreement and continued to compare with the PVC/Pb and PVC/CaZn systems. The results indicated that the OBS might decrease the dehydrochlorination rate of PVC, implying that PVC/OBS was more stable than PVC/Pb and PVC/CaZn systems.

Recycled Polypropylene/SEBS Polyblends: Manufacture and Mechanical Property Evaluation

2013 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Jia Horng Lin ◽  
Zheng Yan Lin ◽  
Jin Mao Chen ◽  
Ching Wen Lou
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Recycled Polypropylene ◽  
Property Evaluation ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Test Impact ◽  
Spherulite Morphology

This study polystyrene-b-poly (ethylene-r-butylene)-b-polystyrene (SEBS) elastomer to modify recycled polypropylene (RPP). Tensile strength test, impact strength test, and a polarized light microscope are used to evaluate the mechanical properties and spherulite morphology of the resulting RPP/SEBS polyblends. The experiment results show that with an increase in SEBS, tensile strength of the polyblends decreases from 29 MPa to 13 MPa. With the distribution of SEBS in RPP, the spherulite size of RPP decreases, but the impact strength significantly increases.

Effect of Coupling Agent on Mechanical Properties of Composite from Microcrystalline Cellulose and Recycled Polypropylene

2012 ◽  
Vol 576 ◽  
pp. 390-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Awanis ◽  
S. Anis Sofia ◽  
Noorasikin Samat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Flexural Test ◽  
Recycled Polypropylene ◽  
The Impact

This study shows the effect of using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) and maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as coupling agent on composite of RPP/MCC fiber. The compositions of MCC were varied from 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 wt%. The compounded samples were prepared into test specimens by using injection moulding. The RPP/MCC composites with and without the coupling agent were characterized through mechanical testing of flexural and impact test. The incorporation of the modified MCC was found to increase the modulus and flexural strength. The flexural test indicates that the addition of 4 wt% MCC-APS and 8 wt% MCC-MAPP significantly increased the flexural strength of the RPP composite compared to the unmodified MCC. The impact test shows higher impact strength at 4 wt% of RPP/MCC-APS and 2 wt% of RPP/MCC-MAPP, respectively.

scholarly journals Tribological Behaviour of Periwinkle Shell Powder-Filled Recycled Polypropylene Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Chukwudike Onuoha
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Polypropylene Composite ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Recycled Polypropylene ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shell Powder ◽  
Periwinkle Shell

Polymer composites are increasingly replacing metals in structures such as gears, wheels, clutches, housings, bushings and other areas where tribology is of great importance. Various ways are used to improve the tribological behaviour of neat polymers, and the most familiar method is the incorporation of fibres/fillers in the polymer to produce composites. In this present research, the tribological behaviour of periwinkle shell powder-filled recycled polypropylene composite was studied. Injection moulding was used for the preparation of the composites and the impact strength, wear resistance and fatigue strength were examined. SEM was utilized to support the discussion of the results. The results showed that the incorporation of periwinkle shell powder into polypropylene improved the wear resistance and fatigue strength but showed no improvement in impact strength.

Impact Strength of Filled Polymer Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 883 ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Miroslav Müller ◽  
Petr Valášek
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
Constructional Material ◽  
Epoxy Adhesive ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Recycled Plastics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Polymers rank among a significant group of technical materials. One of requirements for this constructional material is to have enough resistance to a dynamic loading. Especially in the area of connecting the materials reactoplastics are used, which are distinguished for a low resistance to the dynamic loading. One solution for increasing an impact strength is filling the reactoplastics, i.e. a formation of polymer composites. The aim of the research was to evaluate an impact strength of various polymer materials (composites filled with different types of a filler, structural two-component epoxies, mixed recycled plastics, PPO – polyphenyle oxide and PS – polystyrene). The Dynstat method CSN 64 0611 was chosen for the evaluation of the impact strength. Reactoplastics matrix on the basis of two-component epoxy adhesive with high liquidity and an increased speed of a hardening GER reaches low values of the impact strength (2.54 ± 0.30 kJ·m-2). It is evident from the experimental results the positive effect of aluminium microparticles GER MFAI (3.26 ± 0.35 kJ·m-2), glass beads GR B134 (2.83 ± 0.29 kJ·m-2) and microfibres of polyamide from the process of tyre recovery GER MPA (3.92 ± 0.25 kJ·m-2) on the impact strength. The results of this experiments show the possibility of the modification of the relative fragile epoxy resin with the filler, which increases the impact strength.

Impact of Digitalization on Service Work in Knowledge-Intensive Business Services: An Empirical Study in Tax Consultancies

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-222
Author(s):  
Philipp K. Görs ◽  
Henning Hummert ◽  
Anne Traum ◽  
Friedemann W. Nerdinger
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Service Work ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Knowledge Intensive Business Services ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Special Case

Digitalization is a megatrend, but there is relatively little knowledge about its consequences for service work in general and specifically in knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). We studied the impact of digitalization on psychological consequences for employees in tax consultancies as a special case of KIBS. We compare two tax consulting jobs with very different job demands, those of tax consultants (TCs) and assistant tax consultants (ATCs). The results show that the extent of digitalization at the workplace level for ATCs correlates significantly positively with their job satisfaction. For TCs, the same variable correlates positively with their work engagement. These positive effects of digitalization are mediated in the case of ATCs by the impact on important job characteristics. In the case of TCs, which already have very good working conditions, the impact is mediated by the positive effect on self-efficacy. Theoretical and practical consequences of these results are discussed.

Comparative study of the impact of two mechanical perforation densities on the behavior of a sandy soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
S. Chehaibi ◽  
K. Abrougui ◽  
F. Haouala
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Soil Water Infiltration ◽  
Good Improvement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

The effects of mechanical perforation densities by extracting soil cores through an aerator Vertidrain with a working width of 1.6 m and equipped with hollow tines spaced of 65 mm, were studied on a sandy soil of a grassy sward in the Golf Course El Kantaoui in Sousse (Tunisia). The mechanical aeration was performed at two densities: 250 and 350 holes/m2. The cone penetration resistance and soil water infiltration were measured. These parameters were performed at initial state before aeration (E0) and then on the 10th, 20th and 30th day after aeration. These results showed that perforation density of 350 holes/m2 had a positive effect on the soil by reducing its cone resistance to penetration compared to the initial state (Rp = 14.8 daN/cm2). At 5 cm depth the decrease in resistance to penetration was 34% and 43% on the 10th and 20th day after aeration, respectively. However, on the 30th day after aeration the soil resistance to penetration tended to grow and its value compared to the initial state decreased only by 21 and 26%, respectively, at 5 and 15 cm of depth only by 10% and 9% with 250 holes/m2 density. The soil water infiltration made a good improvement after aeration compared to the initial state. This parameter increased from 4.8 cm/h to 8.3, 10.9 and 13.1 cm/h with 250 holes/m2 density and to 10, 12.9 and 14.8 cm/h with 350 holes/m2 density on the 10th, 20th and 30th day following the aeration.

Расчетные методы оценки ударной вязкости сварных элементов с трещинами

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Crack Development ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Critical Crack Length ◽  
The Impact

Практика показывает, что для сварных конструкций, эксплуатируемых в условиях Крайнего Севера необходимо уделять внимание работоспособности сварных соединений при низких температурах. Металл сварных соединений в процессе воздействия обработки изменяет свои свойства, снижается ударная вязкость, образуется гетерогенная структура с большой степенью разнозернистости. Чтобы оценивать и иметь возможность правильно контролировать термическое воздействие и последствия сварочного процесса, требуется решить задачу аналитического определения ударной вязкости для всех зон сварного соединения. В настоящей статье представлен инженерный метод оценки ударной вязкости, применимый для любой зоны сварного соединения, в которой имеется острый или особый концентратор напряжений – трещина. Разработанный аналитический метод расчета ударной вязкости отражает качественную и количественную картину взаимосвязи структурно-механических характеристик и работы развития трещины в диапазоне температур 77…300 К. Предложенная схематизация зависимости критического коэффициента интенсивности напряжений от температуры позволила найти коэффициенты, характеризующие свойства материала, и выполнить расчеты изменения предела текучести и предела прочности от температуры эксплуатации. Построены графики зависимости работы развития трещины от температуры эксплуатации для сталей 15ГС и 17ГС, сравнение которых с экспериментальными данными показывает удовлетворительное согласование. Найдено, что при напряжениях предела выносливости отношение работы развития трещины к критической длине трещины постоянно, не зависит от температуры и для сталей 15ГС и 17ГС равно около 10. Ключевые слова: ударная вязкость, работа разрушения, коэффициент интенсивности напряжений, трещина, феррито-перлитная сталь, зона термического влияния. For welded structures under operation in the Far North, attention must be paid to the performance of welded joints at low temperatures. The properties of metal of welded joints are changed in the process of treatment, its toughness decreases, and a heterogeneous structure with a large range of different grain sizes is formed. In order to evaluate and be able to correctly control the thermal effect and the consequences of the welding process, it is necessary to solve the problem of analytical determination of impact strength for all zones of the welded joint. The paper presents an engineering method for evaluation of the impact strength applicable to any area of the welded joint in which there is a sharp or super sharp stress concentrator – a crack. The developed analytical method for calculating the impact strength reflects a qualitative and quantitative codependency of structural and mechanical characteristics and the process of crack development in the temperature range of 77–300 K. The proposed schematization of dependence of the critical coefficient of stress intensity on the temperature made it possible to find coefficients characterizing the properties of the material and to perform calculations of changes in yield strength and tensile strength on operating temperature. Graphs of the crack development process dependency on the operating temperature for 15ГС and 17ГС steels were constructed, and their comparison with experimental data displays satisfactory agreement. It was found that at endurance limit stresses, the ratio of the crack development process to the critical crack length is constant, non-dependent on temperature, and is equal to 10 for 15ГС and 17ГС steels. Keywords: impact strength, fracture work, stress intensity factor, crack, ferrite-pearlite steel, heat affected zone, steel tempering.

Impact Strength, Flexural Modulus and Wear Rate of PMMA Composites Reinforced by Eggshell Powders

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (7A) ◽  
pp. 960-966
Author(s):  
Aseel M. Abdullah ◽  
Hussein Jaber ◽  
Hanaa A. Al-Kaisy
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Pure Pmma ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interface Bond

In the present study, the impact strength, flexural modulus, and wear rate of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) with eggshell powder (ESP) composites have been investigated. The PMMA used as a matrix material reinforced with ESP at two different states (including untreated eggshell powder (UTESP) and treated eggshell powder (TESP)). Both UTESP and TESP were mixed with PMMA at different weight fractions ranged from (1-5) wt.%. The results revealed that the mechanical properties of the PMMA/ESP composites were enhanced steadily with increasing eggshell contents. The samples with 5 wt.% of UTESP and TESP additions give the maximum values of impact strength, about twice the value of the pure PMMA sample. The calcination process of eggshells powders gives better properties of the PMMA samples compared with the UTESP at the same weight fraction due to improvements in the interface bond between the matrix and particles. The wear characteristics of the PMMA composites decrease by about 57% with increases the weight fraction of TESP up to 5 wt.%. The flexural modulus values are slightly enhanced by increasing of the ESP contents in the PMMA composites.

THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS AND LOCATION OF ROTOR IMPACT ELEMENTS OF AN IMPACT-CENTRIFUGAL GRINDER ON SPEED AND ANGLES OF CRUSHED PARTICLES FLIGHT

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Impact Element ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Efficiency Indicators

One of efficiency indicators of grain grinders is grain granulometric composition. The basis of mixed fodder is crushed grain, the particles of which must have a leveled granulometric composition for subsequent mixing and obtaining a high-quality feed mixture. In agricultural production, hammer crushers are widely used, in which the destruction of grain occurs due to the impact of a hinged hammer. The main disadvantage of these crushers is that not the entire surface of the hammers is involved in grinding, thus reduces grinding process efficiency. A slightly different principle of material destruction is laid down in the basis of the proposed design of the shock-centrifugal grinder. Main work is performed by flat impact elements located on the rotor, which serve to accelerate crushed particles with subsequent impact of them on the bump elements. An important step in the design of new constructions of shock-centrifugal grinders is to determine size and location of the impact elements on the rotor, without which the grinding process is not possible. In the calculation method presented, the dependencies for determining the velocities and angles of a single particle flight from the surface of a flat impact element for its specified dimensions are proposed. Two variants of an impact element location on the rotor are considered and analyzed: radial and at an angle in the direction of rotor rotation. As a result of research carried out, it is noted that in the case of inclined position of an impact element on the rotor an increase in flight speed and flight angles change in crushed particles, which gives the opportunity to have a positive effect on grinding process.

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