scholarly journals Current State of SLC and ABC Transporters in the Skin and Their Relation to Sweat Metabolites and Skin Diseases

Proteomes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Marcus M. K. Hughes ◽  
Eva Aryal ◽  
Elnaz Safari ◽  
Biljana Mojsoska ◽  
Håvard Jenssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Current State ◽  
Total Body ◽  
And Function ◽  
External Injury

With a relatively large surface area (2 m2) and 15% of total body mass, the skin forms the largest organ of the human body. The main functions of the skin include regulation of body temperature by insulation or sweating, regulation of the nervous system, regulation of water content, and protection against external injury. To perform these critical functions, the skin encodes genes for transporters responsible for the cellular trafficking of essential nutrients and metabolites to maintain cellular hemostasis. However, the knowledge on the expression, regulation, and function of these transporters is very limited and needs more work to elucidate how these transporters play a role both in disease progression and in healing. Furthermore, SLC and ABC transporters are understudied, and even less studied in skin. There are sparse reports on relation between transporters in skin and sweat metabolites. This mini review focuses on the current state of SLC and ABC transporters in the skin and their relation to sweat metabolites and skin diseases.

scholarly journals Tobacco and Nervous System Development and Function—New Findings 2015–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 797
Author(s):  
Wojciech Hajdusianek ◽  
Aleksandra Żórawik ◽  
Marta Waliszewska-Prosół ◽  
Rafał Poręba ◽  
Paweł Gać
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
New Findings ◽  
And Function

Tobacco is a one of the most common addictive stimulants used by people around the world. The smoke generated during tobacco combustion is a toxic mixture of more than 5000 chemicals of which over 30 are known human carcinogens. While its negative effects on the human body are well understood, it remains a serious public health problem. One of the multiple effects of smoking is tobacco’s effect on the nervous system—its development and function. This review aims to summarize the progress made in research on the effects of tobacco on the nervous system both of the perinatal period and adults and both in animals and humans in 2015–2020. The 1245 results that corresponded to the keywords “tobacco, cigarette, nervous system, brain, morphology, function” were reviewed, of which 200 abstracts were considered significant. Most of those articles broadened the knowledge about the negative effects of smoking on the human nervous system. Tobacco has a significant negative impact on the development of nervous structures, neurotransmission and cognitive functions, and promotes the development of neurodegenerative diseases, insomnia and cerebrovascular diseases. The only exception is the protective effect of the dopaminergic system in Parkinson’s disease. In conclusion, in recent years much effort has been devoted to describing, revealing and uncovering new aspects of tobacco detrimental to human life. The nicotine contained in tobacco smoke affects the human body in a multidimensional way, including a serious impact on the broadly understood neurological health.

scholarly journals Towards Precision Dermatology: Emerging Role of Proteomic Analysis of the Skin

Dermatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Gabriella Fredman ◽  
Lone Skov ◽  
Matthias Mann ◽  
Beatrice Dyring-Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Skin Sample ◽  
Current State ◽  
Protective Shield ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
And Function

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The skin is the largest organ in the human body and serves as a multilayered protective shield from the environment as well as a sensor and thermal regulator. However, despite its importance, many details about skin structure and function at the molecular level remain incompletely understood. Recent advances in liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomics have enabled the quantification and characterization of the proteomes of a number of clinical samples, including normal and diseased skin. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Here, we review the current state of the art in proteomic analysis of the skin. We provide a brief overview of the technique and skin sample collection methodologies as well as a number of recent examples to illustrate the utility of this strategy for advancing a broader understanding of the pathology of diseases as well as new therapeutic options. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> Proteomic studies of healthy skin and skin diseases can identify potential molecular biomarkers for improved diagnosis and patient stratification as well as potential targets for drug development. Collectively, efforts such as the Human Skinatlas offer improved opportunities for enhancing clinical practice and patient outcomes.

Pregnancy Physiology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren A. Miller ◽  
Mary N. Towner
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Pregnant Patient ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Peripheral Nervous Systems ◽  
And Function ◽  
In Pregnancy

This chapter discusses the complex physiologic changes that take place in the immune and nervous system of the pregnant patient. Shifts in cellular production and function as well as the dramatic alterations in hormone concentrations observed in pregnancy are described. The chapter also reviews the current understanding of the major gestational hormones’ roles within the immune and nervous system. We will also summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the physiologic effects of pregnancy, focusing on the effects of estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin on the female immune system and central and peripheral nervous systems. Whenever possible, the clinical relevance of such immunologic and neurologic adaptations to pregnancy will be highlighted.

PENURUNAN SUHU TUBUH MENGGUNAKAN TEPID WATER SPONGING DENGAN PENDEKATAN KONSERVASI LEVINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khabib Burhanuddin Iqomh ◽  
Nani Nurhaeni ◽  
Dessie Wanda
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Model Theory ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Nursing Process ◽  
Tepid Water ◽  
Conservation Model

Peningkatan suhu tubuh  menyebabkan rasa tidak nyaman, gelisah pada anak, sehingga waktu untuk istirahat menjadi terganggu.Tatalaksana pada anak dengan demam dapat dilakukan dengan metode farmakologi dan non farmakologi. Tepid water spongingmerupakan tatalaksana non farmakologi. Konservasi adalah serangkaian sistem agar tubuh manusia mampu menjalankan fungsi, beradaptasi untuk melangsungkan kehidupan. Perawat mempunyai peran untuk membantu anak dalam mengatasi gangguan termoregulasi. Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas penurunan suhu tubuh menggunakan tepid water sponging dengan pendekatanl konservasi Levine di ruang rawat infeksi. Efektifitas diukur dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan berdasarkan proses keperawatan yang terdapat dalam model konservasi Levine yaitu: pengkajian, menentukan trophicognosis, menentukan hipotesis, intervensi dan evaluasi. Terdapat lima kasus yang dibahas. Hasil penerapan model konservasi Levine mampu meningkatkan kemampuan anak dalam mempertahankan fungsi tubuh dan beradaptasi terhadap perubahan. Kombinasi tepid water sponging dan terapi farmakologi mampu mengatasi demam dengan cepat dibanding terapi farmakologi.   Kata kunci: termoregulasi, tepid water sponging, teori model konservasi Levine   REDUCTION OF BODY TEMPERATURE USING TEPID WATER SPONGINGWITH THE LEVINE CONSERVATION APPROACH   ABSTRACT Increased body temperature causes discomfort, anxiety in children, so that the time to rest becomes disturbed. Management of children with fever can be done by pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Tepid water sponging is a non-pharmacological treatment. Conservation is a series of systems so that the human body is able to function, adapt to life. Nurses have a role to help children overcome thermoregulation disorders. This scientific work aims to determine the effectiveness of decreasing body temperature using tepid water sponging with the approach of Levine conservation in the infectious care room. Effectiveness is measured in the provision of nursing care based on the nursing process contained in the Levine conservation model, namely: assessment, determining trophicognosis, determining hypotheses, intervention and evaluation. There are five cases discussed. The results of the application of the Levine conservation model are able to improve the ability of children to maintain body functions and adapt to changes. The combination of tepid water sponging and pharmacological therapy is able to overcome fever quickly compared to pharmacological therapy.   Keywords: thermoregulation, tepid water sponging, Levine conservation model theory  

Plant hormones, plant growth regulators

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (26) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Végvári ◽  
Edina Vidéki
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
Large Scale Integration ◽  
Scale Integration ◽  
And Function

Plants seem to be rather defenceless, they are unable to do motion, have no nervous system or immune system unlike animals. Besides this, plants do have hormones, though these substances are produced not in glands. In view of their complexity they lagged behind animals, however, plant organisms show large scale integration in their structure and function. In higher plants, such as in animals, the intercellular communication is fulfilled through chemical messengers. These specific compounds in plants are called phytohormones, or in a wide sense, bioregulators. Even a small quantity of these endogenous organic compounds are able to regulate the operation, growth and development of higher plants, and keep the connection between cells, tissues and synergy beween organs. Since they do not have nervous and immume systems, phytohormones play essential role in plants’ life. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(26), 1011–1018.

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