scholarly journals Nanotechnology-Based Antimicrobial and Antiviral Surface Coating Strategies

Prosthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-52
Author(s):  
Pelin Erkoc ◽  
Fulden Ulucan-Karnak
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Surface Coatings ◽  
Cationic Polymers ◽  
Functional Material ◽  
Metal Coatings ◽  
Antimicrobial Surfaces ◽  
Smart Surfaces ◽  
Surface Development

Biocontamination of medical devices and implants is a growing issue that causes medical complications and increased expenses. In the fight against biocontamination, developing synthetic surfaces, which reduce the adhesion of microbes and provide biocidal activity or combinatory effects, has emerged as a major global strategy. Advances in nanotechnology and biological sciences have made it possible to design smart surfaces for decreasing infections. Nevertheless, the clinical performance of these surfaces is highly depending on the choice of material. This review focuses on the antimicrobial surfaces with functional material coatings, such as cationic polymers, metal coatings and antifouling micro-/nanostructures. One of the highlights of the review is providing insights into the virus-inactivating surface development, which might particularly be useful for controlling the currently confronted pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The nanotechnology-based strategies presented here might be beneficial to produce materials that reduce or prevent the transmission of airborne viral droplets, once applied to biomedical devices and protective equipment of medical workers. Overall, this review compiles existing studies in this broad field by focusing on the recent related developments, draws attention to the possible activity mechanisms, discusses the key challenges and provides future recommendations for developing new, efficient antimicrobial and antiviral surface coatings.

scholarly journals Tailoring Macromolecular Structure of Cationic Polymers towards Efficient Contact Active Antimicrobial Surfaces

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Tejero ◽  
Beatriz Gutiérrez ◽  
Daniel López ◽  
Fátima López-Fabal ◽  
José L. Gómez-Garcés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Cationic Polymers ◽  
Antimicrobial Polymers ◽  
Antimicrobial Surfaces ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Chain Mobility ◽  
Methacrylic Monomers

The aim of this work is the preparation of contact active antimicrobial films by blending copolymers with quaternary ammonium salts and polyacrylonitrile as matrix material. A series of copolymers based on acrylonitrile and methacrylic monomers with quaternizable groups were designed with the purpose of investigating the influence of their chemical and structural characteristics on the antimicrobial activity of these surfaces. The biocide activity of these systems was studied against different microorganisms, such as the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomona aeruginosa and the yeast Candida parapsilosis. The results confirmed that parameters such as flexibility and polarity of the antimicrobial polymers immobilized on the surfaces strongly affect the efficiency against microorganisms. In contrast to the behavior of copolymers in water solutions, when they are tethered to the surface, the active cationic groups are less accessible and then the mobility of the side chain is critical for a good contact with the microorganism. Blend films composed of copolymers with high positive charge density and chain mobility present up to a more than 99.999% killing efficiency against the studied microorganisms.

scholarly journals Physically Switchable Antimicrobial Surfaces and Coatings: General Concept and Recent Achievements

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3083
Author(s):  
Roman Elashnikov ◽  
Pavel Ulbrich ◽  
Barbora Vokatá ◽  
Vladimíra Svobodová Pavlíčková ◽  
Václav Švorčík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Surface Activation ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
Nanostructured Surfaces ◽  
Antimicrobial Surfaces ◽  
Smart Surfaces

Bacterial environmental colonization and subsequent biofilm formation on surfaces represents a significant and alarming problem in various fields, ranging from contamination of medical devices up to safe food packaging. Therefore, the development of surfaces resistant to bacterial colonization is a challenging and actively solved task. In this field, the current promising direction is the design and creation of nanostructured smart surfaces with on-demand activated amicrobial protection. Various surface activation methods have been described recently. In this review article, we focused on the “physical” activation of nanostructured surfaces. In the first part of the review, we briefly describe the basic principles and common approaches of external stimulus application and surface activation, including the temperature-, light-, electric- or magnetic-field-based surface triggering, as well as mechanically induced surface antimicrobial protection. In the latter part, the recent achievements in the field of smart antimicrobial surfaces with physical activation are discussed, with special attention on multiresponsive or multifunctional physically activated coatings. In particular, we mainly discussed the multistimuli surface triggering, which ensures a better degree of surface properties control, as well as simultaneous utilization of several strategies for surface protection, based on a principally different mechanism of antimicrobial action. We also mentioned several recent trends, including the development of the to-detect and to-kill hybrid approach, which ensures the surface activation in a right place at a right time.

Intracellular colloids as charge conductors for uncoated SEM samples

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 660-661
Author(s):  
D. A. Handley ◽  
V. Jeevanandam ◽  
S. Chien
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Surface Coatings ◽  
Thermal Distortion ◽  
Metal Coatings ◽  
Gold Colloids ◽  
Fine Detail ◽  
Correlative Studies ◽  
Electrical Charging

Evaporated gold or gold-palladium are used as surface coatings to prevent electrical charging or thermal distortion to specimens during SEM viewing. However, during evaporation, metal coatings may induce specimen heating, damage delicate surface structures, and obscure fine detail. To avoid these inherent limitations, we developed a method for forming gold colloids within cells of chemically fixed specimens. Correlative studies of thin section TEM and surface SEM of carotid artery samples are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of this method.

scholarly journals Tailoring Macromolecular Structure of Cationic Polymers towards Efficient Contact Active Antimicrobial Surfaces

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Tejero ◽  
Beatriz Gutiérrez ◽  
Daniel López ◽  
Fátima López-Fabal ◽  
José Gómez-Garcés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macromolecular Structure ◽  
Cationic Polymers ◽  
Antimicrobial Surfaces

scholarly journals Novel Antimicrobial Surfaces to Defeat COVID-19 Transmission

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (56) ◽  
pp. 2839-2851
Author(s):  
Rodica Cristescu ◽  
Roger J. Narayan ◽  
Douglas B. Chrisey
Keyword(s):  
Surface Coating ◽  
Laser Processing ◽  
Surface Contamination ◽  
Surface Coatings ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Antimicrobial Surfaces ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Contact Transmission

AbstractAntimicrobial surface coatings function as a contact biocide and are extensively used to prevent the growth and transmission of pathogens on environmental surfaces. Currently, scientists and researchers are intensively working to develop antimicrobial, antiviral coating solutions that would efficiently impede/stop the contagion of COVID-19 via surface contamination. Herein we present a flavonoid-based antimicrobial surface coating fabricated by laser processing that has the potential to eradicate COVID-19 contact transmission. Quercetin-containing coatings showed better resistance to microbial colonization than antibiotic–containing ones.

Dynamical Scattering in Crystalline Biological Specimens. I. Criteria of Validity for Scattering Approximations

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 192-193
Author(s):  
Robert M. Glaeser ◽  
Bing K. Jap
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Born Approximation ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Dynamical Effect ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope Image

The dynamical scattering effect, which can be described as the failure of the first Born approximation, is perhaps the most important factor that has prevented the widespread use of electron diffraction intensities for crystallographic structure determination. It would seem to be quite certain that dynamical effects will also interfere with structure analysis based upon electron microscope image data, whenever the dynamical effect seriously perturbs the diffracted wave. While it is normally taken for granted that the dynamical effect must be taken into consideration in materials science applications of electron microscopy, very little attention has been given to this problem in the biological sciences.

The Application of Ultra-Thin Sectioning Techniques to Non-Biological Samples

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
C. F. Oster
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Photographic Film ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Embedding Medium

Although ultra-thin sectioning techniques are widely used in the biological sciences, their applications are somewhat less popular but very useful in industrial applications. This presentation will review several specific applications where ultra-thin sectioning techniques have proven invaluable.The preparation of samples for sectioning usually involves embedding in an epoxy resin. Araldite 6005 Resin and Hardener are mixed so that the hardness of the embedding medium matches that of the sample to reduce any distortion of the sample during the sectioning process. No dehydration series are needed to prepare our usual samples for embedding, but some types require hardening and staining steps. The embedded samples are sectioned with either a prototype of a Porter-Blum Microtome or an LKB Ultrotome III. Both instruments are equipped with diamond knives.In the study of photographic film, the distribution of the developed silver particles through the layer is important to the image tone and/or scattering power. Also, the morphology of the developed silver is an important factor, and cross sections will show this structure.

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