scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Cell-Based Therapy in Repairing Peripheral Nerve Gap Defects

Prosthesis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-167
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sana Ullah Sahar ◽  
Matthew Barton ◽  
Geoffrey Tansley
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Cell Delivery ◽  
Nerve Grafting ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Imperfect Repair ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Supportive Cells ◽  
Promising Avenue ◽  
Cell Implantation

Nerve prostheses are widely utilized to reconstruct segmental (gap) defects in peripheral nerves as an alternative to nerve grafting. However, with increasing gap length, the effectiveness of a nerve prosthesis becomes sub-optimal, which subsequently has made repairing larger gaps in peripheral nerves a significant challenge in the field of regenerative medicine. Recently, the structure of nerve prostheses has been significantly revised, which interestingly, has provided a promising avenue for the housing and proliferation of supportive cells. In this systematic review, cell implantation in synthetic nerve prostheses to enhance the regenerative capability of an injured nerve with a focus on identifying the cell type and mode of cell delivery is discussed. Of interest are the studies employing supportive cells to bridge gaps greater than 10 mm without the aid of nerve growth factors. The results have shown that cell therapy in conjunction with nerve prostheses becomes inevitable and has dramatically boosted the ability of these prostheses to maintain sustainable nerve regeneration across larger gaps and helped to attain functional recovery, which is the ultimate goal. The statistical analysis supports the use of differentiated bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells suspended in oxygen-carrying hydrogels in chitosan prostheses for bridging gaps of up to 40 mm; however, based on the imperfect repair outcomes, nerve grafting should not yet be replaced altogether.

Cell-based therapy in soft tissue sports injuries of the knee: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nardeen Kader ◽  
Vipin Asopa ◽  
Kwaku Baryeh ◽  
David Sochart ◽  
Nicola Maffulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

scholarly journals Preclinical efficacy of stem cell therapy for skin flap: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Qi-lin Jiang ◽  
Leanne Van der Merwe ◽  
Dong-hao Lou ◽  
Cai Lin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Skin Flap ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Skin Flaps ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Treatment

Abstract Background A skin flap is one of the most critical surgical techniques for the restoration of cutaneous defects. However, the distal necrosis of the skin flap severely restricts the clinical application of flap surgery. As there is no consensus on the treatment methods to prevent distal necrosis of skin flaps, more effective and feasible interventions to prevent skin flaps from necrosis are urgently needed. Stem therapy as a potential method to improve the survival rate of skin flaps is receiving increasing attention. Methods This review followed the recommendations from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statements. Twenty studies with 500 animals were included by searching Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases, up until October 8, 2020. Moreover, the references of the included articles were searched manually to obtain other studies. All analyses were conducted using Review Manager V.5.3 software. Results Meta-analysis of all 20 studies demonstrated stem cell treatment has significant effects on reducing necrosis of skin flap compared with the control group (SMD: 3.20, 95% CI 2.47 to 3.93). Besides, subgroup analysis showed differences in the efficacy of stem cells in improving the survival rate of skin flaps in areas of skin flap, cell type, transplant types, and method of administration of stem cells. The meta-analysis also showed that stem cell treatment had a significant effect on increasing blood vessel density (SMD: 2.96, 95% CI 2.21 to 3.72) and increasing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, SMD: 4.34, 95% CI 2.48 to 6.1). Conclusions The preclinical evidence of our systematic review indicate that stem cell-based therapy is effective for promoting early angiogenesis by up regulating VEGF and ultimately improving the survival rate of skin flap. In summary, small area skin flap, the administration method of intra-arterial injection, ASCs and MSCs, and xenogenic stem cells from humans showed more effective for the survival of animal skin flaps. In general, stem cell-based therapy may be a promising method to prevent skin flap necrosis.

Influence of Permeability on the Compressive Property of Articular Cartilage: A Scaffold-Free, Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Cartilage Repair

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoya Susa ◽  
Ryosuke Nansai ◽  
Norimasa Nakamura ◽  
Hiromichi Fujie
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Cell Delivery ◽  
Compressive Property ◽  
Chondral Defect ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Normal Cartilage ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Immunological Effects

Since the healing capacity of articular cartilage is limited, it is important to develop cell-based therapies for the repair of cartilage. Although synthetic or animal-derived scaffolds are frequently used for effective cell delivery long-term safety and efficiency of such scaffolds still remain unclear. We have been studying on a scaffold-free tissue engineered construct (TEC) bio-synthesized from synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [1]. As the TEC specimen is composed of cells with their native extracellular matrix, we believe that it is free from concern regarding long term immunological effects. our previous studies indicated that a porcine partial thickness chondral defect was successfully repaired with TEC but that the compressive property of the TEC-treated cartilage-like repaired tissue was different from normal cartilage in both immature and mature animals. Imura et al. found that the permeability of the immature porcine cartilage-like tissues repaired with TEC recovered to normal level for 6 months except the superficial layer [2]. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine the depth-dependent permeability of mature porcine cartilage-like tissue repaired with TEC. Moreover, we investigated the effect of difference of permeability on the compressive property of articular cartilage using a finite element analysis (FEM).

Current Perspectives Regarding Stem Cell-based Therapy for Ischemic Stroke

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (28) ◽  
pp. 3332-3340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeong-Ah Kwak ◽  
Ho-Beom Kwon ◽  
Joo Won Lee ◽  
Young-Seok Park
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Regenerative Approach ◽  
Therapeutic Time Window

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Conventional treatment has a limitation of very narrow therapeutic time window and its devastating nature necessitate a novel regenerative approach. Transplanted stem cells resulted in functional recovery through multiple mechanisms including neuroprotection, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, and anti-inflammatory effects. Despite the promising features shown in experimental studies, results from clinical trials are inconclusive from the perspective of efficacy. The present review presents a synopsis of stem cell research on ischemic stroke treatment according to cell type. Clinical trials to the present are briefly summarized. Finally, the hurdles and issues to be solved are discussed for clinical application.

scholarly journals Current Perspectives Regarding Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Liver Cirrhosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeong-Ah Kwak ◽  
Hyun-Jae Cho ◽  
Jin-Young Yang ◽  
Young-Seok Park
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Hepatic Regeneration ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Different Origins

Liver cirrhosis is a major cause of mortality and a common end of various progressive liver diseases. Since the effective treatment is currently limited to liver transplantation, stem cell-based therapy as an alternative has attracted interest due to promising results from preclinical and clinical studies. However, there is still much to be understood regarding the precise mechanisms of action. A number of stem cells from different origins have been employed for hepatic regeneration with different degrees of success. The present review presents a synopsis of stem cell research for the treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis according to the stem cell type. Clinical trials to date are summarized briefly. Finally, issues to be resolved and future perspectives are discussed with regard to clinical applications.

scholarly journals Redefining the heterogeneity of peripheral nerve cells in health and autoimmunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (17) ◽  
pp. 9466-9476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolien Wolbert ◽  
Xiaolin Li ◽  
Michael Heming ◽  
Anne K. Mausberg ◽  
Dagmar Akkermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Glia Cells ◽  
Local Cell ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes

Peripheral nerves contain axons and their enwrapping glia cells named Schwann cells (SCs) that are either myelinating (mySCs) or nonmyelinating (nmSCs). Our understanding of other cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) remains limited. Here, we provide an unbiased single cell transcriptomic characterization of the nondiseased rodent PNS. We identified and independently confirmed markers of previously underappreciated nmSCs and nerve-associated fibroblasts. We also found and characterized two distinct populations of nerve-resident homeostatic myeloid cells that transcriptionally differed from central nervous system microglia. In a model of chronic autoimmune neuritis, homeostatic myeloid cells were outnumbered by infiltrating lymphocytes which modulated the local cell–cell interactome and induced a specific transcriptional response in glia cells. This response was partially shared between the peripheral and central nervous system glia, indicating common immunological features across different parts of the nervous system. Our study thus identifies subtypes and cell-type markers of PNS cells and a partially conserved autoimmunity module induced in glia cells.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Platelet-Rich Plasma Use in Androgenetic Alopecia Compared with Minoxidil®, Finasteride®, and Adult Stem Cell-Based Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Gentile ◽  
Simone Garcovich
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Androgenic Alopecia ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Local Injections ◽  
Meta Analyses

The number of articles evaluating platelet-rich plasma (PRP) efficacy in androgenic alopecia (AGA) have exponentially increased during the last decade. A systematic review on this field was performed by assessing in the selected studies the local injections of PRP compared to any control for AGA. The protocol was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting for Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. A multistep search of the PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, PreMEDLINE, Ebase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Clinicaltrials.gov, Scopus database, and Cochrane databases was performed to identify studies on hair loss treatment with platelet-rich plasma. Of the 163 articles initially identified, 123 articles focusing on AGA were selected and, consequently, only 12 clinical trials were analyzed. The studies included had to match predetermined criteria according to the PICOS (patients, intervention, comparator, outcomes, and study design) approach. In total, 84% of the studies reported a positive effect of PRP for AGA treatment. Among them, 50% of the studies demonstrated a statistically significant improvement using objective measures and 34% of the studies showed hair density and hair thickness improvement, although no p values or statistical analysis was described. In total, 17% of the studies reported greater improvement in lower-grade AGA, while 8% noted increased improvement in higher-grade AGA. Only 17% of the studies reported that PRP was not effective in treating AGA. The information analyzed highlights the positive effects of PRP on AGA, without major side effects and thus it be may considered as a safe and effective alternative procedure to treat hair loss compared with Minoxidil® and Finasteride®.

scholarly journals Schwannoma in the Upper Limbs

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Yuk Kwan Tang ◽  
Boris Fung ◽  
Margaret Fok ◽  
Janet Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Nerve Graft ◽  
Nerve Grafting ◽  
Nerve Grafts ◽  
Functional Deficit ◽  
Patient Consent ◽  
New System ◽  
Mixed Nerve

Schwannomas are the commonest tumours of peripheral nerves. Despite the classical description that schwannomas are well encapsulated and can be completely enucleated during excision, a portion of them have fascicular involvement and could not be completely shelled out. A retrospective review for 8 patients was carried out over 10 years. 75% of schwannoma occurred over the distal region of upper limb (at elbow or distal to it). It occurs more in the mixed nerve instead of pure sensory or motor nerve. 50% of patients had mixed nerve involvement. Fascicular involvement was very common in schwannoma (75% of patients). Removal of the tumour with fascicles can cause functional deficit. At present, there is no method (including preoperative MRI) which can predict the occurrence of fascicular involvement; the authors therefore proposed a new system to stratify patients who may benefit from interfascicular nerve grafts. In this group of patients, the authors strongly recommend that the possibility and option of nerve graft should be discussed with patients prior to schwannoma excision, so that nerve grafting could be directly proceeded with patient consent in case there is fascicular involvement of tumour found intraoperatively.

scholarly journals Cell-based therapy technology classifications and translational challenges

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1680) ◽  
pp. 20150017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie M. Mount ◽  
Stephen J. Ward ◽  
Panos Kefalas ◽  
Johan Hyllner
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Clinical Translation ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Patient Access ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Technology Area

Cell therapies offer the promise of treating and altering the course of diseases which cannot be addressed adequately by existing pharmaceuticals. Cell therapies are a diverse group across cell types and therapeutic indications and have been an active area of research for many years but are now strongly emerging through translation and towards successful commercial development and patient access. In this article, we present a description of a classification of cell therapies on the basis of their underlying technologies rather than the more commonly used classification by cell type because the regulatory path and manufacturing solutions are often similar within a technology area due to the nature of the methods used. We analyse the progress of new cell therapies towards clinical translation, examine how they are addressing the clinical, regulatory, manufacturing and reimbursement requirements, describe some of the remaining challenges and provide perspectives on how the field may progress for the future.

Comparison of Nerve Transfers and Nerve Grafting for Traumatic Upper Plexus Palsy: A Systematic Review and Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 819-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Garg ◽  
Gregory A Merrell ◽  
Howard J Hillstrom ◽  
Scott W Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Nerve Grafting ◽  
Nerve Transfers
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