scholarly journals Techno-Economic Assessment of BIPV Systems in Three Cities of Iran

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (23) ◽  
pp. 1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farivar Fazelpour ◽  
Niloufar Ziasistani ◽  
Parsa Nazari ◽  
Pouria Nazari ◽  
Nastaran Ziasistani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaic ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Te Modules ◽  
Minimum Ratio ◽  
Efficiency Rate

In all over the world, huge parts of energy are consumed by buildings. Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems have attracted much attention with the purpose of providing energy demand of buildings. This paper introduces the examinations of BIPV system on a residential building under different climatic conditions of Iran by considering different PV modules. The building orientation has been analysed in order to find higher efficiency rate of PV modules through DesignBuilder. It was found the maximum rate of energy generation for all three cities occurs in south side of the building. Also for Tehran and Tabriz the minimum ratio of energy consumption is at the angle of 180° while for Bandar Abas it is in north side. Moreover, applying Cd-Te modules contribute to reducing payback time.

scholarly journals Two-Stage Multi-Objective Meta-Heuristics for Environmental and Cost-Optimal Energy Refurbishment at District Level

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Manjarres ◽  
Lara Mabe ◽  
Xabat Oregi ◽  
Itziar Landa-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Harmony Search ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
District Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Payback Time

Energy efficiency and environmental performance optimization at the district level are following an upward trend mostly triggered by minimizing the Global Warming Potential (GWP) to 20% by 2020 and 40% by 2030 settled by the European Union (EU) compared with 1990 levels. This paper advances over the state of the art by proposing two novel multi-objective algorithms, named Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) and Multi-Objective Harmony Search (MOHS), aimed at achieving cost-effective energy refurbishment scenarios and allowing at district level the decision-making procedure. This challenge is not trivial since the optimisation process must provide feasible solutions for a simultaneous environmental and economic assessment at district scale taking into consideration highly demanding real-based constraints regarding district and buildings’ specific requirements. Consequently, in this paper, a two-stage optimization methodology is proposed in order to reduce the energy demand and fossil fuel consumption with an affordable investment cost at building level and minimize the total payback time while minimizing the GWP at district level. Aimed at demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed two-stage multi-objective approaches, this work presents simulation results at two real district case studies in Donostia-San Sebastian (Spain) for which up to a 30% of reduction of GWP at district level is obtained for a Payback Time (PT) of 2–3 years.

A Study on Simulations of the Power Output and Practical Models for Building Integrated Photovoltaic Systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 929-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Lu ◽  
H. X. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Accurate Model ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Maximum Power Output ◽  
Energy Payback ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaic ◽  
Pv Modules

With the rapid increase in Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) systems and the popularity of photovoltaic (PV) applications, a simple but accurate model to calculate the power output of PV modules is crucial for evaluating systems. In addition, in the analysis of energy payback, two factors, the power output (maximum power output) model of PV modules and the representative local weather data, affect calculations of the energy savings and the payback time of BIPV systems. Most studies take the efficiency of PV modules as constant when calculating the energy payback time of PV systems, and ignore the influence of solar radiation and temperature on the results of the calculation. This study tries to develop one simple, practical, yet more accurate model for describing the characteristics of the power output of PV modules. It develops a model for describing the I-V characteristics of PV modules according to the equivalent circuits of solar cells, by which an accurate but complicated model of the maximum power output (MPO) can be achieved. Taking this MPO model as a benchmark, two other application models from other studies are evaluated and examined. One simplified application model for describing the maximum power output of PV modules is then derived from the results of the simulation. Once the solar radiation on PV panels and the ambient temperature are known, the power output of BIPV systems or PV systems can be calculated accurately and easily.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of a Novel Hydrogen-Based Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Both Grid-Tied and Off-Grid Power Supply in Japan: The Case of Fukushima Prefecture

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Takatsu ◽  
Hooman Farzaneh
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Integrated Simulation ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy System ◽  
Renewable Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy

After the Great East Japan Earthquake, energy security and vulnerability have become critical issues facing the Japanese energy system. The integration of renewable energy sources to meet specific regional energy demand is a promising scenario to overcome these challenges. To this aim, this paper proposes a novel hydrogen-based hybrid renewable energy system (HRES), in which hydrogen fuel can be produced using both the methods of solar electrolysis and supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of biomass feedstock. The produced hydrogen is considered to function as an energy storage medium by storing renewable energy until the fuel cell converts it to electricity. The proposed HRES is used to meet the electricity demand load requirements for a typical household in a selected residential area located in Shinchi-machi in Fukuoka prefecture, Japan. The techno-economic assessment of deploying the proposed systems was conducted, using an integrated simulation-optimization modeling framework, considering two scenarios: (1) minimization of the total cost of the system in an off-grid mode and (2) maximization of the total profit obtained from using renewable electricity and selling surplus solar electricity to the grid, considering the feed-in-tariff (FiT) scheme in a grid-tied mode. As indicated by the model results, the proposed HRES can generate about 47.3 MWh of electricity in all scenarios, which is needed to meet the external load requirement in the selected study area. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of the system in scenarios 1 and 2 was estimated at 55.92 JPY/kWh and 56.47 JPY/kWh, respectively.

Application of Eco-Efficiency Analysis to Assess Three Different Recycling Technologies for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRPs)

2017 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 593-601
Author(s):  
Michael Dieterle ◽  
Elisa Seiler ◽  
Tobias Viere
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Recycled Material

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the eco-efficiency of three different recycling technologies for carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) waste, and to identify the preferable and most efficient solution. Recycling via mechanical shredding, microwave pyrolysis and subcritical solvolysis is compared and comprehensive primary data on energy demand and process throughput are examined. Following an ecological and economic assessment, the results are normalized and summarized into three single-score indicators. To decide which solution is most efficient, economic and ecological data are plotted on an eco-efficiency portfolio. The achieved results demonstrate that the eco-efficiency of the recycling technologies investigated is entirely positive on an industrial scale, and that the efficient use of CFRPs across the entire life cycle is possible. The material recycling of CFRP waste is consequently a promising topic for future development. The use of recycled material as conductivity additives in secondary applications can be considered as a valuable option for all three technologies, although the benefits of recycling are strongly dependent on the quality and quantity of the recycled material. Depending on the resources substituted in a secondary application, different recycling technologies offer considerable advantages. To ensure a consistently high quality of output materials on an industrial scale, specific process parameters have to be identified, for which, further research is necessary.

scholarly journals The calculation of building cooling under emergency conditions to ensure their heating reliability

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 496-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg D. Samarin
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Basic Equations ◽  
Building Cooling ◽  
Air Exchange

Introduction. Continuation of research in the area of premise cooling rate calculation with the aim of obtaining dependencies, which are sufficiently accurate and take into account the most of the factors essential for the problem, but at the same time having an engineering form, is still relevant. The purpose of the study is the search for a dependence of the temperature in the building premises on time in the initial period after heat supply shutdown at emergency mode. Exponential nature of this dependence is considered as a scientific hypothesis. Materials and methods. The basic equations connecting the most important components of a heat flow in a cooling room under condition of the termination of heat supply from heating devices are used and analysed in the study. A numerical model of non-stationary thermal regime of the ventilated room is implemented on the base of the solution of a differential equations system of heat conduction and heat transfer on the surfaces of the room. Results. An analytical expression is obtained for the room cooling rate when the heat supply is disconnected, which has the form of an exponential function of square root of time since the accident. The cooling time before the condensation on the inner surface of the enclosure is determined by the example of a currently existing residential building under climatic conditions of Moscow, accounting the structural characteristics of the building and normalized fresh-air flow rate. Conclusions. It is shown that the building cooling in the initial period is influenced mainly by the ratio of the heat flux associated with unorganized air exchange and the heat loss to the environment through “light” enclosure. It was found that the decrease of natural air exchange in the building cooling process leads to a certain slowdown in the decrease of temperature, but it is not decisive. It is understood that the use of airtight light opening fillers, for example, in plastic casement, under normal conditions aggravating the sanitary and hygienic situation in the premises, under emergency conditions increases the available time interval for the restoration of heat supply.

scholarly journals A new clustering and visualization method to evaluate urban energy planning scenarios

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Torabi Moghadam ◽  
Silvia Coccolo ◽  
Guglielmina Mutani ◽  
Patrizia Lombardi ◽  
Jean Louis Scartezzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Planning ◽  
Transition Strategies ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
The City

The spatial visualization is a very useful tool to help decision-makers in the urban planning process to create future energy transition strategies, implementing energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies in the context of sustainable cities. Statistical methods are often used to understand the driving parameters of energy consumption but rarely used to evaluate future urban renovation scenarios. Simulating whole cities using energy demand softwares can be very extensive in terms of computer resources and data collection. A new methodology, using city archetypes is proposed, here, to simulate the energy consumption of urban areas including urban energy planning scenarios. The objective of this paper is to present an innovative solution for the computation and visualization of energy saving at the city scale.The energy demand of cities, as well as the micro-climatic conditions, are calculated by using a simplified 3D model designed as function of the city urban geometrical and physical characteristics. Data are extracted from a GIS database that was used in a previous study. In this paper, we showed how the number of buildings to be simulated can be drastically reduced without affecting the accuracy of the results. This model is then used to evaluate the influence of two set of renovation solutions. The energy consumption are then integrated back in the GIS to identify the areas in the city where refurbishment works are needed more rapidly. The city of Settimo Torinese (Italy) is used as a demonstrator for the proposed methodology, which can be applied to all cities worldwide with limited amount of information.

scholarly journals LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF TECHNICAL BUILDING SERVICES OF LARGE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING STOCKS USING SEMANTIC 3D CITY MODELS

2020 ◽  
Vol VI-4/W1-2020 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
H. Harter ◽  
B. Willenborg ◽  
W. Lang ◽  
T. H. Kolbe
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Operational Energy ◽  
City Models

Abstract. Reducing the demand for non-renewable resources and the resulting environmental impact is an objective of sustainable development, to which buildings contribute significantly. In order to realize the goal of reaching a climate-neutral building stock, it must first be analyzed and evaluated in order to develop optimization strategies. The life cycle based consideration and assessment of buildings plays a key role in this process. Approaches and tools already exist for this purpose, but they mainly take the operational energy demand of buildings and not a life cycle based approach into account, especially when assessing technical building services (TBS). Therefore, this paper presents and applies a methodical approach for the life cycle based assessment of the TBS of large residential building stocks, based on semantic 3D city models (CityGML). The methodical approach developed for this purpose describes the procedure for calculating the operational energy demand (already validated) and the heating load of the building, the dimensioning of the TBS components and the calculation of the life cycle assessment. The application of the methodology is illustrated in a case study with over 115,000 residential buildings from Munich, Germany. The study shows that the methodology calculates reliable results and that a significant reduction of the life cycle based energy demand can be achieved by refurbishment measures/scenarios. Nevertheless, the goal of achieving a climate-neutral building stock is a challenge from a life cycle perspective.

scholarly journals Calculation of indoor air temperature using dimensionless parameters for integrated climate control systems

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 486-492
Author(s):  
Oleg D. Samarin
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Infinite Series ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Climate Control

Introduction. It is noted that the improvement of the technology for calculating the thermal regime of premises in the conditions of automation of climate systems is still relevant. The aim of the work is to find a universal dependence of the air temperature in the building premises on time in conditions of a jump in heat access or heat loss for the integral law of regulating the compensatory heat flow from microclimate systems. In the form of a scientific hypothesis, we consider the statement about the power nature of such a dependence with the presence of a maximum and an asymptotic tendency to zero. Materials and methods. The study involves the use of basic equations that relate the most significant components of heat flows in rooms serviced by microclimate systems equipped with integrated controllers under conditions of abrupt changes in thermal disturbances. The method of dimension analysis is used to identify dimensionless complexes that are essential for obtaining engineering dependencies, as well as software calculation of sums of infinite series with a given accuracy, numerical solution of nonlinear equations, and the method of power series economization. Results. An analytical expression is found for changes in room temperature under integrated control of climate equipment under conditions of a jump in heat availability, which has the form of an infinite series in degrees of a dimensionless parameter that characterizes the properties of the room and the automation system. A simplified expression for the deviation of air temperature is obtained and a formula for the required control time is derived, as well as its estimation is given on the example of one residential building in the climatic conditions of Moscow. Conclusions. It is shown that the dependence of the air temperature in a room serviced by microclimate systems with integrated controllers on time is represented in a universal dimensionless form, suitable for any objects regardless of their specific characteristics. The previously discovered relationships for the moment of maximum deviation and the value of the dynamic control error depending on the air exchange of the room, the transmission coefficient of the controller and the room’s own heat stability are confirmed and refined.

Evaluating the Environmental Impact Score of a Residential Building Using Life Cycle Assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-159
Author(s):  
Manish Sakhlecha ◽  
Samir Bajpai ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Growing Economy

Buildings consume major amount of energy as well as natural resources leading to negative environmental impacts like resource depletion and pollution. The current task for the construction sector is to develop an evaluation tool for rating of buildings based on their environmental impacts. There are various assessment tools and models developed by different agencies in different countries to evaluate building's effect on environment. Although these tools have been successfully used and implemented in the respective regions of their origin, the problems of application occur, especially during regional adaptation in other countries due to peculiarities associated with the specific geographic location, climatic conditions, construction methods and materials. India is a rapidly growing economy with exponential increase in housing sector. Impact assessment model for a residential building has been developed based on life cycle assessment (LCA) framework. The life cycle impact assessment score was obtained for a sample house considering fifteen combinations of materials paired with 100% thermal electricity and 70%-30% thermal-solar combination, applying normalization and weighting to the LCA results. The LCA score of portland slag cement with burnt clay red brick and 70%-30% thermal-solar combination (PSC+TS+RB) was found to have the best score and ordinary Portland cement with flyash brick and 100% thermal power (OPC+T+FAB) had the worst score, showing the scope for further improvement in LCA model to include positive scores for substitution of natural resources with industrial waste otherwise polluting the environment.

scholarly journals Two software tools for facilitating the choice of ground source heat pumps by stakeholders and designers

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 06023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele De Carli ◽  
Amaia Castelruiz Aguirre ◽  
Angelo Zarrella ◽  
Lucia Cardoso ◽  
Sarah Noyé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Detailed Calculation ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Support Decision Making

For promoting the diffusion of GSHP and making the technology more accessible to the general public, in the H2020 research project “CHeap and Efficient APplication of reliable Ground Source Heat exchangers and PumpS” (acronym Cheap-GSHPs) a tool for sizing these systems has been developed, as well as a Decision Support System (DSS) able to assist the user in the preliminary design of the most suitable configuration. For all these tools a common platform has been carried out considering climatic conditions, energy demand of buildings, ground thermal properties, heat pump solutions repository, as well as renewable energy database to use in synergy with the GSHPs. Since the aims of the tools are different, there are different approaches. The design tool is mainly addressed to designers. The calculation may be done in two ways: with a simplified method based on the ASHRAE approach and with a detailed calculation based on the numerical tool CaRM (Capacity-Resistance method). The DSS final aim is to support decision-making, by providing the stakeholders at all the level with a series of scenario. The Cheap-GSHPs project has developed a DSS tool aimed at accelerating the decision-making process of designers and building owners as well as increasing market share of the Cheap-GSHPs technologies. Hence the DSS generates different possible solutions based on a defined general problem, identifying the optimal solution. Both tools are presented in the paper, showing the potentialities provided by both software.

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