scholarly journals Using Recycled Materials in Packagings to Meet the Goals of Circular Economy

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ieva Kazulytė
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Hazardous Chemicals ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Packaging Waste ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials

Packaging waste that is not recycled or reused has a negative environmental effects and presents serious concern. At the same time, various secondary raw materials, which were used to produce packaging from recycled materials, can affect human health and the environment because they can contain harmful chemical substances. For this reason, it is necessary to investigate the existence of hazardous chemicals in recycled materials. This paper analyzes issues related to the production of packaging by using materials from recycled packaging waste with a focus on the influence of the hazardous substances that the waste may contain. This paper presents the results of a survey interviewing packaging manufacturers who use recycled materials in packaging, revealing problems that packaging manufacturers face in the manufacturing of packaging from recycled materials.

Construction Details from Secondary Raw Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radim Smolka ◽  
Jan Plachý ◽  
Petr Kacálek ◽  
Tomáš Petříček
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials

During decreasing of the energy demand is within the framework of the idea of sustainable construction not only required to decrease the total energy demand of the buildings, search and solve the critical spots in the building jacketing, but also to use the secondary raw materials as full-value substitutions for commonly used products from the primary raw materials. Recycled materials put into production represent possibilities how to decrease number of acquired virgin materials, need of primary energy and how to decrease risks connected to the waste disposal.

scholarly journals Sludge Thermal Utilization, and the Circular Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurand D. Bień ◽  
Beata Bień
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
High Water ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Potential Methods ◽  
By Products ◽  
Consumption Waste

Abstract In 2015, the European Commission has adopted an ambitious Circular Economy Action Plan (CEAP), which includes measures that would help stimulate Europe’s transition towards a circular economy. In general four key action areas have been defined: production, consumption, waste management and secondary raw materials. Actions will lead to the resource-efficient and environmentally friendly outcomes. Biological materials should be returned to the natural metabolic cycles after necessary pre-treatment while waste that can not be prevented or recycled is to be used for the energy recovery. Sewage sludge is a large-tonnage waste produced at wastewater treatments plants (WWTPs). Its utilization causes some problems. High water content in sludge, hazardous substances as heavy metals, organic toxins and pathogens limit some potential methods of sludge utilization. Thermal treatment methods offer a solution, some hazardous substances can be destroyed or removed, energy can be recovered and some nutrients can be obtained from ash or other by-products.

scholarly journals Phosphogypsum and its potential use in Croatia: challenges and opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Tomislav Bituh ◽  
Branko Petrinec ◽  
Božena Skoko ◽  
Dinko Babić ◽  
Davor Rašeta
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Radiological Properties

Abstract Phosphogypsum (PG) is a waste by-product (residue) originating from the production of phosphoric acid and phosphate fertilisers. PG contains chemical and radioactive impurities, which is why it is mostly stockpiled in controlled areas. Worldwide, only about 15 % of PG is recycled or reused. Today, policies and business strategies prioritise sustainable development through circular economy, which certainly includes PG. This provides new opportunities for Croatia to manage its PG and make an effort to use it as an additive in different industries, such as agriculture and construction. Due to its chemical and radiological properties, PG can potentially cause problems for the environment and human health. Hence, before using PG, detailed knowledge of potential hazards is necessary to protect people and the environment. The aim of this review is to summarise available data on Croatian PG, compare them with other countries, and to identify knowledge gaps and the lack of data on potential hazardous substances in PG in order to assess the opportunities of using PG in Croatia.

scholarly journals Textile packaging waste in the context of implementing the concept of circular economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (05) ◽  
pp. 499-503
Author(s):  
Eftalea Carpus ◽  
Angela Dorogan ◽  
Cristina Stroe
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Packaging Waste ◽  
Management Hierarchy ◽  
Legislative Measures

At European level, there are concrete measures regarding waste management in the circular economy, and these refer to: mandatory recycling rates for different categories of waste: plastics, glass, metals, paper and cardboard as well as biodegradable waste; the obligation to redesign the products in order to increase the proportion of raw materials resulting from recycling and to increase the degree of recycling of products, in order to consider them as secondary raw materials; promoting and stimulating the reuse of products; increasing the recycling rate of municipal waste by 2030 to a minimum of 65%; increasing the recycling rate of packaging waste by 2030 to a minimum of 75%; reduction of food wastage and implicitly of the resulted food waste by 50% by 2030. The large amount of packaging waste determined the taking of legislative measures that defined the obligations of pack- aging producers/distributors, recycling objectives and the waste management hierarchy. New targets for the recycling of packaging waste predict a growth to 65% in 2025 and 70% in 2030 [1]. Textile packaging waste is an important link in the integrated management of waste whose recovery contributes to the conservation and improvement of natural capital.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Agglomerates from Secondary Raw Materials Reinforced with Paper Fibres by Stamp Pressing Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 3946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Echterhof ◽  
Thomas Willms ◽  
Stefan Preiss ◽  
Matti Aula ◽  
Ahmed Abdelrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Paper Recycling ◽  
Cold Compression ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Arc Furnaces ◽  
First Results ◽  
Metallurgical Processes ◽  
By Products

The use of secondary raw materials in metallurgical processes such as steelmaking is an important contribution to the circular economy aspired to by EU members and many other countries. The agglomeration of dusts, fines and sludges is an important pretreatment step to enable the use of these materials in subsequent melting processes, such as steelmaking in electric arc furnaces (EAFs). It also reduces the amount of by-products and waste materials that are currently waste for disposal and are landfilled. The presented research is part of the Fines2EAF project, which aims to increase the value of steelmaking residues by internal recycling and use or reuse in the form of agglomerates. The approach followed in this project is the use of a hydraulic stamp press and alternative binder systems to produce cement-free agglomerates. The first results of lab-scale agglomeration tests of six different recipes with varying pressing forces are presented in this paper. It is shown that the addition of fibres from paper recycling has a strong effect on the cold compression stability of the agglomerates, by far exceeding other effects such as increased pressing force. Overall, the agglomerates produced in the lab show promising characteristics, for example, cold compression stability and abrasion resistance, which should allow for use in EAF steelmaking.

Utilisation of Polyurethane (PUR) Granulate in Development of New Insulating Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Jiri Zach ◽  
Vítězslav Novák ◽  
Jitka Peterková
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Insulating Materials ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
New Perspective

At present we can often see a development of new perspective materials using waste raw materials and not only in building industries. Still growing industrial waste amount together with not utilizable substances whose recycling is quite energy and finance demanding are the reasons. In addition it also brings a notable stress for the environment which further influences human health. The paper deals with a development of insulating materials based on waste PUR granulate generated as waste during PUR foam panel shaping. The aim was to develop insulating materials with good thermal insulation and eventually acoustic properties as suitable alternatives to present commonly used insulation materials in the market. Cement and subsequently PUR foams were selected as binders for waste granulate. Utilization of secondary raw materials in order to get new insulating materials with high added value is contribution of such a development.

scholarly journals Using secondary raw materials in construction of buildings with account taken of environmental standards

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 186-201
Author(s):  
Elena A. Sukhinina
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Environmental Certification ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Consumption Waste

Introduction. The article addresses the problem of irrational treatment of solid municipal, production and consumption waste in Russia, as well as the prospects of using secondary raw materials in the construction of buildings. The research is focused on environmental standards, environmental certification systems in the construction industry, as well as recycled materials. The study encompasses the construction of buildings using recycled materials, taking into account the requirements set in environmental standards. Materials and methods. The article presents several types of secondary raw materials and an overview of sustainable approaches to the construction of buildings using recycled materials in Russia and abroad. Most widely spread construction technologies, used to build houses using secondary raw materials, are described. An environmentally friendly facility constructed in Russia using secondary raw materials is described as an illustration. Results. The state of the Russian legislative framework governing the treatment of solid municipal, construction, and consumption waste and the requirements of international and Russian environmental standards applicable to buildings are analyzed. The percent ratio of waste management actions is determined in relation to other requirements set by environmental certification systems applicable to real estate items. Conclusions. A new classification of construction products made of secondary raw materials is presented. Conclusions are made about the feasibility of reusing solid household, industrial and consumption waste in the construction industry. The need to revise environmental standards in Russia is identified. The Russian environmental standards should have a larger number of criteria determining the rational treatment of solid municipal, construction, and consumption waste as well as the use of products made of secondary raw materials.

scholarly journals Comparative Content of Harmful Substances Contained In the Raw Material for Various Types of Printing Ink

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Norazli Othman ◽  
Liaw Lerk Lerk ◽  
Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan ◽  
Roslina Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Printing Ink

Printing ink is one of the chemical industry that can be considered as a high risk industry due to it is a manufacture industry that involved all kinds of chemical materials. Thus, reliability data is important for the environmental safety in chemical industries. This study aims to compare the hazardous substances in raw materials for various printing ink production and propose the control measures in the ink production process. Three types of printing ink raw material i.e sheet-fed ink, cold-set ink and heat-set ink were considered in this study. This study was conducted by using a quantitative approaches. Data were collected through Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Hazardous substances were identified from the Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) registry number of the raw materials. The result of the study shown that there are eight hazardous chemical substances in sheet-fed ink, cold-set ink and heat-set ink. The hazardous raw materials identified are mainly from the category of pigment, solvents and additives. From the study of the three types of ink printing, sheet-fed inks contain harmful chemicals that are the lowest of 33.27%, followed by thermal ink-set of 41.73% and cold-set inks of 61.86%. The results also shown that solvents are identified to contribute highest percentage as hazardous chemical substances in the printing ink, followed by additives and pigment. The results of the research shown that the production workers in the printing ink production process are at highly exposed to the hazards. The hierarchy of hazard control based on Department Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) are proposed to control the hazardous chemical substances. The recommended control measures of possible hazards and risks based on the work activities are elimination, engineering control, administration control and personal protective equipment. This research is very important as it will enhance the precautions and safety knowledge of the employer and employee in handling the chemical substances in the printing ink production process.

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