scholarly journals Application of Green Technology in Gelatin Extraction: A Review

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2227
Author(s):  
Nor Qhairul Izzreen Mohd Noor ◽  
Rina Syafinaz Razali ◽  
Nur Khairina Ismail ◽  
Rabiatul Amirah Ramli ◽  
Umi Hartina Mohamad Razali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Application ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
High Pressure Processing ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Subcritical Water Extraction ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Assisted Extraction

Growing demands for green and sustainable processing that eliminates the utilization of toxic chemicals and increases efficiency has encouraged the application of novel extraction technologies for the food industry. This review discusses the principles and potential application of several green technology for gelatin extraction. Several novel technologies and their processing efficiency are discussed in this review. Furthermore, factors that affect the quality of the gelatin produced from different sources are also highlighted. The potential application of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), subcritical water extraction, high-pressure processing, and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to improve gelatin extraction are addressed. These technologies have the potential to become an efficient extraction method compared to the conventional extraction technologies. Several combinations of green and conventional technologies have been reported to yield promising results. These combinations, especially using conventional pre-treatment and green technologies for extraction, have been found to be more effective in producing gelatin. Since gelatin could be produced from various sources, it exhibits different characteristics; thus, different approaches and extraction method should be identified for specific types of gelatin. Although these technologies have limitations, such as overhydration and sophisticated systems explicitly designed for large-scale production, they are nonetheless more efficient in the long run to safeguard the environment as they reduce solvent usage and carbon footprint along the way.

Phyto-fabrication of Iron Nanoparticles: Characterization and Antibacterial Capacity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma S. Algebaly ◽  
Afrah E. Mohammed ◽  
Mudawi M. Elobeid
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Plant Sources

Introduction: Fabrication of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) has recently gained a great concern for their varied applications in remediation technologies of the environment. Objective: The current study aimed to fabricate iron nanoparticles by green technology approach using different plant sources, Azadirachta indica leaf and Calligonum comosum root following two extraction methods. Methods: Currently, a mixture of FeCl2 and FeCl3 was used to react with the plant extracts which are considered as reducing and stabilizing agents for the generation of FeNPs in one step. Different techniques were used for FeNPs identification. Results: Immediately after mixing of the two reaction components, the color changed to dark brown as an indication of safe conversion of Fe ions to FeNPs, that later confirmed by zeta sizer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FeNPs fabricated by C. comosum showed smaller size when compared by those fabricated by A. indica. Using both plant sources, FeNPs fabricated by the aqueous extract had smaller size in relation to those fabricated by ethanolic extract. Furthermore, antibacterial ability against two bacterial strains was approved. Conclusion: The current results indicated that, at room temperature plant extracts fabricated Fe ion to Fe nanoparticles, suggesting its probable usage for large scale production as well as its suitability against bacteria. It could also be recommended for antibiotic resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Recent Trends in Extraction Techniques for High Value Compounds from Algae as Food Additives

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saniye Akyil ◽  
Işıl İlter ◽  
Mehmet Koç ◽  
Figen Ertekin
Keyword(s):  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Subcritical Water Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Green Extraction ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Assisted Extraction

Algae have been considered as a source of high value bioactive compounds including pigments, lipids, fatty acids, polysaccharides, antioxidants and minerals. These compounds serve as a source of nutrition for both humans and animals and as additives in food production. Conventional solvent and/or green extraction techniques are mostly applied to extract these compounds from algae biomass. In this review, paper the most frequently used green extraction techniques such as supercritical fluid extraction, microwave assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, subcritical water extraction and pulsed electric field extraction were investigated in terms of their process conditions, applications, advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals Valorization of Banana and Red Beetroot Peels: Determination of Basic Macrocomponent Composition, Application of Novel Extraction Methodology and Assessment of Biological Activity In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Šeremet ◽  
Ksenija Durgo ◽  
Stela Jokić ◽  
Ana Huđek ◽  
Aleksandra Vojvodić Cebin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Subcritical Water Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Dopamine Content ◽  
Bioactive Content ◽  
C 30

The nutritional and bioactive content of banana and red beetroot peels was investigated. The basic macrocomponent composition was determined using standard AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) methods, while the recovery efficiency of bioactive compounds was investigated using conventional and innovative extraction techniques (subcritical water extraction, ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extraction). Extracts were analyzed for biological effects in vitro on human hepatic, tongue and colon cancer cell lines. A macrocomponent analysis revealed a notable amount of dietary fiber in banana and beetroot peels (39.0 and 33.6% dmb) and a relatively high content of protein in beetroot peel (18.3% dmb). Regarding the micronutrients-minerals, banana and beetroot peels were shown to be a very good source of potassium (75.06 and 41.86 mg g−1 dmb). Both extracts of banana and beetroot peels obtained by conventional extraction - decoction (100 °C, 20 min) exhibited the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Additionally, in banana peel, these extracts were the richest in dopamine content (12.63 mg g−1 dmb). Extraction by infusion (80 °C, 30 min) yielded a beetroot peel extract with the highest total betacyanin content (9.80 mg g−1 dmb). Biological effects in vitro were dose- and time-dependent, as well as influenced by the presence of polysaccharides.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Large-Scale Production of Chitosan Microbeads Modified with Nanoparticles Based on Exergy Analysis

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Meramo-Hurtado ◽  
Adriana Herrera-Barros ◽  
Ángel González-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Large Scale Production

Novel technologies for bio-adsorbent production are being evaluated on the lab-scale in order to find the most adequate processing alternative under technical parameters. However, the poor energy efficiency of promising technologies can be a drawback for large-scale production of these bio-adsorbents. In this work, exergy analysis was used as a computer-aided tool to evaluate from the energy point of view, the behavior of three bio-adsorbent production topologies at large scale for obtaining chitosan microbeads modified with magnetic and photocatalytic nanoparticles. The routes were modeled using an industrial process simulation software, based on experimental results and information reported in literature. Mass, energy and exergy balances were performed for each alternative, physical and chemical exergies of streams and chemical species were calculated according to the thermodynamic properties of biomass components and operating conditions of stages. Exergy efficiencies, total process irreversibilities, energy consumption, and exergy destruction were calculated for all routes. Route 2 presents the highest process irreversibilities and route 3 has the highest exergy of utilities. Exergy efficiencies were similar for all simulated cases, which did not allow to choose the best alternative under energy viewpoint. Exergy sinks for each topology were detected. As values of exergy efficiency were under 3%, it was shown that there are process improvement opportunities in product drying stages and washing water recovery for the three routes.

Research Progress on Solanesol Extraction from Tobacco Wastes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Tiejun Yan ◽  
Guojie Zhao ◽  
Fengguang Wu ◽  
Jialei Liu ◽  
Shaofeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Rate ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Solanaceous Plants

Solanesol has antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antiulcer biological activities, and is a key intermediate in the synthesis of coenzyme Q10, vitamin K2, and the anticancer synergist N-solanesyl-N,N'-bis(3,4-dimethoxy-benzyl)ethylenediamine (SDB) and other ubiquinone drugs. Due to its unique chemical structure, the chemical synthesis of solanesol is difficult, so solanesol is currently mainly isolated from solanaceous plants. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) has the highest content of solanesol compared to other solanaceous plants. Currently, the research on the extraction of solanesol from tobacco focuses on its extraction and purification. This article reviews the extraction methods, saponification, separation and purification methods of solanesol, as well as the research progress on tobacco solanesol, in China and abroad in recent years. Studies show that the organic solvent extraction method is time-consuming and has a low extraction rate. Modern technology- assisted extraction methods, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction not only can improve the extraction rate but also can effectively shorten the extraction time. The separation and purification of solanesol from the extracting solution are critical steps to meet the purity requirements of synthetic drugs, and are also key in limiting the large-scale industrial production of high-purity solanesol. Molecular Imprinting Technology (MIT) has the advantages of small investment, simple operation and ease of large scale production compared to chromatographic methods. Solanesol separated by MIT can meet the requirements for synthesizing coenzyme Q10. Nowadays, the synthesis of molecularly-imprinted solanesol polymers with better adsorption efficiency is one of the important directions in the future research of solanesol purification.

MICROCLEAR: GREEN TECHNOLOGY FOR TREATING AND RECYCLING OF COLOURED WASTEWATER

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaharah Ibrahim ◽  
Adibah Yahya ◽  
Azmi Aris ◽  
Ifnu Hakim ◽  
Mohd Ariff Taib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Set Up

The continuous growth and demand for our textiles and textile products have resulted in the generation of highly polluted and coloured wastewater emanating from the textile industries. These are detrimental to the environment and pose health threats to the human population if not properly treated. The treatment of colour is a great challenge over the last decades and until now, there is no single and economical treatment process.  As effective treatment plant is generally expensive and unaffordable; a good alternative and timely solution is the utilisation of specialised group of microbes called Microclear. These microorganisms have the abilities to decolourise and transform coloured compounds into simpler and non-hazardous compounds without the use of chemicals. Intensive fundamental studies and also the application of the Microclear at the bench and pilot scale (sequential 1000 L and 2000 L) reactors to treat real wastewater were carried out. The microbes can also be applied directly into the existing treatment plant or ponding systems without the use of a commercial reactor. . Under the UTM-MTDC symbiosis program, Microclear Sdn. Bhd. was set up and work is in progress for large scale production of microbes to treat real textile wastewater in a demo plant of 150,000 L capacity located at the textile industry.

scholarly journals Innovative Technologies for Extraction and Microencapsulation of Bioactives from Plant-Based Food Waste and Their Applications in Functional Food Development

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Monalisha Pattnaik ◽  
Pooja Pandey ◽  
Gregory J. O. Martin ◽  
Hari Niwas Mishra ◽  
Muthupandian Ashokkumar
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Subcritical Water Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
By Products

The by-products generated from the processing of fruits and vegetables (F&V) largely are underutilized and discarded as organic waste. These organic wastes that include seeds, pulp, skin, rinds, etc., are potential sources of bioactive compounds that have health imparting benefits. The recovery of bioactive compounds from agro-waste by recycling them to generate functional food products is of increasing interest. However, the sensitivity of these compounds to external factors restricts their utility and bioavailability. In this regard, the current review analyses various emerging technologies for the extraction of bioactives from organic wastes. The review mainly aims to discuss the basic principle of extraction for extraction techniques viz. supercritical fluid extraction, subcritical water extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and pulsed electric field extraction. It provides insights into the strengths of microencapsulation techniques adopted for protecting sensitive compounds. Additionally, it outlines the possible functional food products that could be developed by utilizing components of agricultural by-products. The valorization of wastes can be an effective driver for accomplishing food security goals.

scholarly journals Procyanidins: From Agro-industrial Waste to Food as Bioactive Molecules

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3152
Author(s):  
Leidy Johana Valencia-Hernandez ◽  
Jorge E. Wong-Paz ◽  
Juan Alberto Ascacio-Valdés ◽  
Mónica L. Chávez-González ◽  
Juan Carlos Contreras-Esquivel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Subcritical Water Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction

Procyanidins are an important group of bioactive molecules known for their benefits to human health. These compounds are promising in the treatment of chronic metabolic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, as they prevent cell damage related to oxidative stress. It is necessary to study effective extraction methods for the recovery of these components. In this review, advances in the recovery of procyanidins from agro-industrial wastes are presented, which are obtained through ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized fluid extraction and subcritical water extraction. Current trends focus on the extraction of procyanidins from seeds, peels, pomaces, leaves and bark in agro-industrial wastes, which are extracted by ultrasound. Some techniques have been coupled with environmentally friendly techniques. There are few studies focused on the extraction and evaluation of biological activities of procyanidins. The identification and quantification of these compounds are the result of the study of the polyphenolic profile of plant sources. Antioxidant, antibiotic, and anti-inflammatory activity are presented as the biological properties of greatest interest. Agro-industrial wastes can be an economical and easily accessible source for the extraction of procyanidins.

Developing Microwave Based Extraction as a Tool to Valorize Extraction of Phenolics to Boost Nutraceutical Industries: A Case Study on Taraxcum officinale

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harneet Kaur Kala ◽  
Rajendra Mehta ◽  
Kamal Kumar Sen ◽  
Roshni Tandey ◽  
Kavi Bhushan Singh Chouhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction

Background: Extraction or sample preparation is the first step in any research related to natural products and the objectives of the research could be seriously jeopardized if the extract prepared is not the true representative of the original crude material. The work reports a microwave assisted extraction model for the rapid extraction of phenolics and flavonoid bioactives from the leaves of Taraxacum officinale which is an edible plant with profound ethobotanical significance. The work aims to showcase new technological ventures to the nutraceutical industries for large scale production of such components which are greatly used as dietary supplements. Methods: The process optimization of the proposed method has been carried out using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array approach and total phenolics content (μg/gm dried extract in terms of chlorogenic acid equivalent) was used as the performance evaluation parameter. SEM reports and test of integrity of biological activity has also been reported. Results: Eight phenolic/flavonoid bioactives were identified using HPTLC. The final optimum conditions for rapid microwave assisted extraction of phenolics were reported as 160 W microwave power, 6 min irradiation time, 50 °C temperature and 2 min soak time. Results in terms of yield of total phenolics were very superior compared to 36 hours of conventional Soxhlet and maceration extraction. SEM images clearly indicated cellular ruptures, thus facilitating easy exit of bioactives from inside the cell to the external bulk solvent. </P><P> Conclusions: The work basically attempts to encourage researchers in adapting to green technologies so that science, industry and environment can progress in tandem.

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