scholarly journals A Mini Review on Pyrolysis of Natural Algae for Bio-Fuel and Chemicals

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2042
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
Keqiang Ding ◽  
Lihua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Water Blooms

The disposal and use of natural algae have recently been the subject of great interest, due to increasing concern for environmental protection and resource utilization. In this paper, a mini review of recent research on the pyrolysis of natural algae, especially the algae from water blooms, is presented. The chemical compositions of the natural algae are summarized, and the pyrolysis properties of different compositions are reviewed. Non-catalytic, catalytic, and integrated catalytic processes are reviewed. Different ideas and methods for the production of bio-fuel or chemicals are discussed. Apparently, deoxygenation and denitrogenation are highly necessary for algae-based bio-fuel and catalysts play an important role in these processes. In addition, the integrated catalytic process, which involves catalysis and other operation conditions aside from the thermal treatment under inert atmosphere, shows potential for the valorization of algae-based bio-oil. Based on the recent concept and progress, the research gaps are discussed, followed by the challenges and proposals to achieve high-value utilization of the natural algae.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Financial Literacy and Financial Needs of Unbanked and Under Banked Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
D C Stalin
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Significant Implication ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Capital Development

This paper assumes an estimation of economical research of rapidly improving body on financial literacy. We begin with a synopsis of academic research, which emit financial learning as a structure interest in human capital. Development of financial learning has significant implication for benefit; also policies planned to increase levels of financial information in the well-built inhabitants. After that, we depict on topical surveys to ascertain how many numbers of people knows and categorize the least financial aptitude population subgroups. Though the narrative is still undeveloped, conclusions may perhaps strain on the subject of the effects and consequences of financial illiteracy, to work for answering these research gaps. A concluding part suggests a view on what remains to be educated, if researchers are to be improved to inform academic and experimental models with public policy.

scholarly journals BREVES COMENTÁRIOS ACERCA DA LICITAÇÃO SUSTENTÁVEL A LUZ DO NOVO DECRETO Nº 9.178 DE 23 DE OUTUBRO DE 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (Especial 2) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Ingrid Peratelli dos Santos ◽  
Fabio Ferreira Morong ◽  
Éder Canziani
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Laws And Regulations

In the scope of Public Administration, which also has the duty to preserve the environment and seek sustainability, Sustainable Bidding is an important instrument capable of promoting sustainable development through purchases of environmentally viable goods or services. The objective of this work is to carry out a brief study on the main laws and regulations that deal with this bid, especially Federal Law no. 12,349 / 2010 and the last decree nº 9,178 / 2017, which try to regulate the subject in Law nº 8666/93. The method used was the legal deductive, applying the interpretation of the legislation and doctrine. It was concluded that the last decree, although there is still a need for progress, attributed greater clarity and simplicity to specific legislation, broadened some concepts that improved the environmental protection and preservation aspect, and changed institutional competence issues in order to achieve greater speed and efficiency in the management and implementation of environmental principles in bidding processes

Glosa do Uchwały Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z dnia 30 listopada 2020 r., sygn. akt II OPS 1/20

2021 ◽  
Vol 5(166) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
Mirosław Wincenciak
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

In the commented resolution, the Supreme Administrative Court expressed the position that the deadline specified in Article 318(1) of the Environmental Protection Law is a procedural period. The position of the Supreme Administrative Court is not accurate, because the structure of this provision, the subject matter of the relationship referred to in Article 318 of the Act, as well as the evaluation of the regulation from the systemic perspective, lead to the conclusion that the analysed period is of a substantive nature and cannot be reinstated.

Thermal Behaviour of Slurry Prepared from Clermont Bituminous Coal and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Bio-Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 906 ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazlin Hamdan ◽  
Munawar Zaman Shahruddin ◽  
Ahmad Rafizan Mohamad Daud ◽  
Syed Shatir A. Syed-Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Behaviour ◽  
Fuel Technology

Investigation on the pyrolysis behaviour of coal-biooil slurry (CBS) fuel prepared at different ratios (100:0; 70:30; 60:40;0: 100) were conducted using a Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA). The selected coal sample was Clermont bituminous coal (Australia), while Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) was used as source of bio-oil that was thermally converted by means of pyrolysis. Thermal degradation of CBS fuel was performed in an inert atmosphere (50mL/min nitrogen) under non-isothermal conditions from room temperature to 1000°C at heating rate of 10°C/min. The proportions of CBS fuel at 70:30 and 60:40 blends were observed to have influenced the fuel properties of the slurry. The addition of bio-oil will shift the temperature region towards early devolatilization. Meanwhile, the thermal profiles of the blends, showed potential trends that followed the characteristics of an ideal slurry fuel where highest degradation rate was found at the blend ratio of 60:40 biooil/coal. These findings can be useful to the development of a slurry fuel technology for application in the vast existing conventional power plants.

Effects of the Gas-/Liquid-Phase Interactions on the Evolution of Bio-oil during Its Thermal Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 8482-8492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Xiong ◽  
Long Jiang ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Qiaoling Li ◽  
Wei Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Bio Oil

Metamorphic evolution of the Karimnagar granulite terrane, Eastern Dharwar Craton, south India

2010 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. PRAKASH ◽  
I. N. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Granulite Facies ◽  
Dharwar Craton ◽  
Ultramafic Rocks ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Eastern Dharwar Craton ◽  
Geochronological Data ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lower Crustal

AbstractThe Karimnagar granulite terrane is an integral part of the Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC), India, having been the subject of much interest because of the only reported granulite facies rocks in the EDC. It shows a large variety of rock types with a wide range of mineral parageneses and chemical compositions, namely charnockites (Opx+Pl+perthite+Qtz±Bt±Grt), gneisses (Opx+Crd+Bt+Pl+Qtz+perthite±Sil±Grt±Spl; Bt+Qtz+Pl±Crd±Hbl±Spl), mafic granulites (Cpx+Pl+Qtz±Opx±Hbl), quartz-free granulites (Spr+Spl+Bt+Crd+Kfs+Crn; Bt+Crd+Kfs±Crn±Spl±Krn; And+Bt+Kfs+Chl), granites (Qtz+Pl+Kfs±Bt±Hbl), altered ultramafic rocks (Chl+Trem+Tlc), metadolerites (Cpx+Pl±Bt±Qtz±Chl), banded magnetite quartzites and quartzites. Andalusite- and chlorite-bearing assemblages presumably suggest a retrograde origin. Investigation of quartz-free granulites of the area brings out some interesting and important observations, reflecting the presence of refractory phases. These granulites are devoid of sillimanite and contain corundum instead. Reaction textures in the gneisses include breakdown of garnet to form coronas and symplectites of orthopyroxene+cordierite, formation of cordierite from garnet+sillimanite+quartz and late retrograde biotite and biotite+quartz symplectites. In the mafic granulites, inclusions of quartz and hornblende within orthopyroxene are interpreted as being a part of the prograde assemblage. At a later stage orthopyroxene is also rimmed by hornblende. The quartz-free granulites display a variety of spectacular coronas, for example, successive rims on corundum consisting of spinel+sapphirine+cordierite±orthopyroxene, rare skeletal symplectitic intergrowth of sapphirine+cordierite+potash feldspar, and late retrograde formation of chlorite, corundum, spinel and andalusite from sapphirine±cordierite. Based on chemographic relationships and petrogenetic grids, a sequence of prograde, isothermal decompressive and retrograde reactions have been inferred. Quartz-free sapphirine granulites and mafic granulites record the highest P–T conditions (~7 kbar, 850°C), whereas the gneisses were formed at lower P–T conditions (~5 kbar, 800°C). In addition, the presence of andalusite-bearing rocks suggests a pressure of around 2.5 kbar. This change in pressure from 7 kbar to around 2.5 kbar suggests a decompressive path for the evolution of granulites in the study area, which indicates an uplift for the granulite-facies rocks from lower crustal conditions. The implications for supercontinent history are also addressed in light of available geochronological data.

Two concomitant polymorphs and two isomorphous forms with different chemical compositions, which transform into the same substance upon thermal treatment

CrystEngComm ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (50) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Braga ◽  
Gianna Cojazzi ◽  
Dario Emiliani ◽  
Lucia Maini ◽  
Marco Polito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Chemical Compositions

Cleaning of gas and air emissions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alleksandr Lukanin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Dangerous Substances

The monograph examines the currently existing industrial gas emissions in the chemical, petrochemical, microbiological, pharmaceutical and related industries, methods for calculating their quantity and methods for protecting the air basin from them. The materials are based on an in-depth analysis of methods for cleaning frequently occurring, most dangerous substances that enter the Earth's atmosphere with waste gases of large-scale production. Recommendations are given on methods for calculating gross emissions of harmful substances for a large number of specific industries. The subject of the monograph is related to the scientific areas "Technosphere safety" and "Engineering environmental protection", training profiles: engineering environmental protection of localities, engineering environmental protection of industrial enterprises and environmental protection and resource conservation. It will be of interest to engineering and technical staff, graduate students and teachers.

scholarly journals Legal relations peculiarities as a subject of legal regulation in the complex law branch

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Dobroboh
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

The article deals with theoretical study of the selection of specific features of legal relations of complex lawbranches on the example of environmental law. Today, the subject of legal regulation in this area is public relations for environmental protection and rational use of natural resources in order to ensure the quality of the environment in the interests of present and future generations.

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