scholarly journals Application of Green Surfactants in the Remediation of Soils Contaminated by Hydrocarbons

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1666
Author(s):  
Israel Gonçalves Sales da Silva ◽  
Fabíola Carolina Gomes de Almeida ◽  
Nathália Maria Padilha da Rocha e Silva ◽  
Joaquim Teodoro Romão de Oliveira ◽  
Attilio Converti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Beach Sand ◽  
Synthetic Surfactant ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Soil Bioremediation ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Emulsification Capacity ◽  
Static Conditions

Among the innovative technologies utilized for the treatment of contaminated soils, the use of green surfactants appears to be a biocompatible, efficient, and attractive alternative, since the cleaning processes that normally use synthetic surfactants as additives cause other problems due to toxicity and the accumulation of by-products. Three green surfactants, i.e., two biobased (biobased 1 and biobased 2) surfactants produced by chemical synthesis and a microbial surfactant produced from the yeast Starmerella bombicola ATCC 22214, were used as soil remediation agents and compared to a synthetic surfactant (Tween 80). The three surfactants were tested for their ability to emulsify, disperse, and remove different hydrophobic contaminants. The biosurfactant, which was able to reduce the water surface tension to 32.30 mN/m at a critical micelle concentration of 0.65 g/L, was then used to prepare a commercial formulation that showed lower toxicity to the tested environmental bioindicators and lower dispersion capacity than the biobased surfactants. All the green surfactants showed great emulsification capacity, especially against motor oil and petroleum. Therefore, their potential to remove motor oil adsorbed on different types of soils (sandy, silty, and clay soil and beach sand) was investigated either in kinetic (flasks) or static (packed columns) experiments. The commercial biosurfactant formulation showed excellent effectiveness in removing motor oil, especially from contaminated sandy soil (80.0 ± 0.46%) and beach sand (65.0 ± 0.14%) under static conditions, while, in the kinetic experiments, the commercial biosurfactant and the biobased 2 surfactant were able to remove motor oil from all the contaminated soils tested more effectively than the biobased 1 surfactant. Finally, the S. bombicola commercial biosurfactant was evaluated as a soil bioremediation agent. In degradation experiments carried out on motor oil-contaminated soils enriched with sugarcane molasses, oil degradation yield in the sandy soil reached almost 90% after 60 days in the presence of the commercial biosurfactant, while it did not exceed 20% in the presence of only S. bombicola cells. These results promise to contribute to the development of green technologies for the treatment of hydrophobic pollutants with economic gains for the oil industries.

scholarly journals Soil Bioremediation: Overview of Technologies and Trends

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4664
Author(s):  
Israel Gonçalves Sales da Silva ◽  
Fabíola Carolina Gomes de Almeida ◽  
Nathália Maria Padilha da Rocha e Silva ◽  
Alessandro Alberto Casazza ◽  
Attilio Converti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Soil Bioremediation ◽  
Application Of Surfactants ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Extent Of Damage

Petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals and agricultural pesticides have mutagenic, carcinogenic, immunotoxic and teratogenic effects and cause drastic changes in soil physicochemical and microbiological characteristics, thereby representing a serious danger to health and environment. Therefore, soil pollution urgently requires the application of a series of physicochemical and biological techniques and treatments to minimize the extent of damage. Among them, bioremediation has been shown to be an alternative that can offer an economically viable way to restore polluted areas. Due to the difficulty in choosing the best bioremediation technique for each type of pollutant and the paucity of literature on soil bioremediation enhanced by the use of specific additives, we reviewed the main in situ and ex situ methods, their current properties and applications. The first section discusses the characteristics of each class of pollutants in detail, while the second section presents current bioremediation technologies and their main uses, followed by a comparative analysis showing their respective advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we address the application of surfactants and biosurfactants as well as the main trends in the bioremediation of contaminated soils.

scholarly journals The use of vinasse as an amendment to ex-situ bioremediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with diesel oil

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1043-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Pinto Mariano ◽  
Sérgio Henrique Rezende Crivelaro ◽  
Dejanira de Franceschi de Angelis ◽  
Daniel Marcos Bonotto
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Soil Bioremediation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Labile Carbon

This work investigated the possibility of using vinasse as an amendment in ex-situ bioremediation processes. Groundwater and soil samples were collected at petrol stations. The soil bioremediation was simulated in Bartha biometer flasks, used to measure the microbial CO2 production, during 48 days, where vinasse was added at a concentration of 33 mL.Kg-1of soil. Biodegradation efficiency was also measured by quantifying the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) by gas chromatography. The groundwater bioremediation was carried out in laboratory experiments simulating aerated (bioreactors) and not aerated (BOD flasks) conditions. In both the cases, the concentration of vinasse was 5 % (v/v) and different physicochemical parameters were evaluated during 20 days. Although an increase in the soil fertility and microbial population were obtained with the vinasse, it demonstrated not to be adequate to enhance the bioremediation efficiency of diesel oil contaminated soils. The addition of the vinasse in the contaminated groundwaters had negative effects on the biodegradation of the hydrocarbons, since vinasse, as a labile carbon source, was preferentially consumed.

Toxicity of As on Soil Neutral Phosphatase

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 1195-1199
Author(s):  
Xin Ke ◽  
Ying Sun ◽  
Yun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Soil Bioremediation ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Lower Organism ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Soil Phosphatase

Toxicity of As on soil neutral phosphatase was studied through a series indoor incubation experiments. Results showed that the activity of soil neutral phosphatase was significantly inhibited by As pollution, and the peak inhibiting ratio was appeared at the sixth incubation day. While the activity of soil neutral phosphatase was also decreased with concentration of As increasing in the same incubation day. The relationship between the concentration of as and soil neutral phosphatase was fit by model ①y=c/(1+bx)and ②y=c(1+ax)(1+bx).The model② was more suitable to describe the relationship between the concentration of As and soil enzyme. This means the effect mechanism of As on the soil neutral phosphatase was part of inhibition. The Km of neutral phosphatase was increase by As concentration adding, while the Vmax was lowered. This kind of inhibition belongs to mix competition inhibition. Phosphatase widely exists in the biological world, from lower organism Escherichia coli, yeast to higher animals and plant tissues, body fluid and human liver, prostate gland are found to have phosphatase exist. It can catalyze the phosphate hydrolysis of elemental and inorganic phosphate release, important enzymes of biological phosphorus metabolism [1-2]. Soil phosphatase is an enzyme that has a major impact on agricultural production, producing an important role in the cycle of soil phosphorus. Research show that phosphatase in soil and aquatic systems of phosphorus, organic phosphorus pesticide contaminated soil bioremediation is very important, so it can be used as material for ecosystem beneficial or deleterious effects of indicator. Therefore, some can be as the instructions of the beneficial or harmful effects of ecosystem biology. Arsenic is widespread nature of toxic heavy metals often pollute the environment with the waste material, pesticides, fertilizers and other. According to the statistics in early 1990s, each year around the world due to human activities the importation of soil arsenic content of 0.52-1.2 million tons, its impact on soil ecosystem is one of the important topics. This experiment which proposed indoor simulation method analysis different concentrations of arsenic contaminated soils of neutral phosphatase activity, to explore the effects of different concentrations of arsenic on soil phosphatase activity of short-term toxicity effect. Analysis of the influence degree and duration, further analysis between the two possible mechanism, provides the basis for environmental protection and monitoring.

scholarly journals Bio Remedial Potential for the Treatment of Contaminated Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Hasnain Raza ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Soil Bioremediation ◽  
Environmental Threat ◽  
The World

As anthropogenic activities rise over the world, representing an environmental threat, soil contamination and treatment of polluted areas have become a worldwide concern. Bioremediation is a sustainable technique that could be a cost-effective mitigating solution for heavy metal-polluted soil regeneration. Due to the difficulties in determining the optimum bioremediation methodology for each type of pollutant and the lack of literature on soil bioremediation, we reviewed the main in-situ type, their current properties, applications, and techniques, plants, and microbe’s efficiency for treatment of contaminated soil. In this review, we describe the deeper knowledge of the in-situ types of bioremediation and their different pollutant accumulation mechanisms.

Bioremediation and Phytoremediation

2018 ◽  
pp. 267-285
Author(s):  
Kijpokin Kasemsap
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Petroleum Contaminated Soil ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Contaminated Waste

This chapter explains the overview of bioremediation; soil remediation and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH); bioremediation and ecosystem services; oil-contaminated soil, motor oil-contaminated soil, and petroleum-contaminated soil during bioremediation process; the overview of phytoremediation; the strategies and issues of phytoremediation; and phytoremediation and Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB). Bioremediation is one of the safest methods to effectively manage contaminated waste. Without chemicals, bioremediation allows the contaminated waste to be recycled in environmental settings. Phytoremediation applies many types of plants to remove, stabilize, and destroy the contaminants in the soil and groundwater. The chapter argues that bioremediation and phytoremediation are the green technologies that can help remove contaminants from natural resources and are effective on the remediation of contaminated sites.

scholarly journals Remediation of Aviation Kerosene-Contaminated Soil by Sophorolipids from Candida bombicola CB 2107

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1981
Author(s):  
Torsha Goswami ◽  
Filip M. G. Tack ◽  
Lenka McGachy ◽  
Marek Šír
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Synthetic Surfactant ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Candida Bombicola ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Synthetic Surfactants

Yeast-derived biosurfactants may substitute or complement chemical surfactants as green reagents to extract petroleum hydrocarbons from contaminated soil. The effectiveness of contaminant clean-up by sophorolipids was tested on kerosene-contaminated soil with reference to traditional synthetic surfactants. The sophorolipids produced by the yeast Candida bombicola CB 2107, cultivated with the carbon sources 10 g/L glucose and 10 g/L rapeseed oil, were most effective in contaminant removal. This biosurfactant revealed a critical micelle concentration of 108 mg/L which was close to that of Triton X-100 (103 mg/L), the synthetic surfactant considered as reference. It outperformed Triton X-100 in reducing kerosene concentrations (C10–C40) in contaminated soils. In a soil initially containing 1080 mg/kg of C10–C40, the concentration was reduced to 350 mg/kg using the biosurfactant, and to 670 mg/kg using Triton-X. In the soil with initial concentration of 472 mg/kg, concentrations were reduced to 285 and 300 mg/kg for biosurfactant and Triton X-100, respectively. Sophorolipids have the potential to replace synthetic surfactants. Properties and performance of the biosurfactants, however, strongly differ depending on the yeast and the growing conditions during production.

scholarly journals Experimental study on the effect of chitosan biopolymer on sandy soil stabilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Nader Shariatmadari ◽  
Mohammad Reza ◽  
Amiri Tasuji ◽  
Pooria Ghadir ◽  
A. Akbar Javadi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Chitosan Biopolymer

Due to the environmental impacts of conventional soil stabilization materials, such as cement, ongoing efforts have been carried out by different researchers to find alternative economical materials for substitution. Biopolymers are environmentally friendly materials that are widely used in different geoenvironmental applications such as removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils, reduction of soil hydraulic conductivity, erosion control, and soil improvement. In this research the feasibility of using chitosan biopolymer for sandy soil stabilization has been studied. The effects of biopolymer content, curing time, and curing conditions have investigated using unconfined compression tests. The results indicated that incorporation of chitosan has the potential to increase the interparticle cohesion between the particles and considerable improvement of sandy soil mechanical properties. After initial strengthening of the soil, some strength reduction over time was observed due to the degradation characteristics of the chitosan. With regards to the curing condition, better performances at dry condition compare to the wet and saturated environment were achieved. In addition to soil mechanical properties, the pore plugging effect of chitosan biopolymer on highly permeable sandy soil has been studied in this study.

scholarly journals Diversity of reductive dechlorinating bacteria and archaea in herbicide/dioxin-contaminated soils from Bien Hoa airbase using metagenomic approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-784
Author(s):  
Pham Quang Huy ◽  
Nguyen Kim Thoa ◽  
Dang Thi Cam Ha
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Soil Bioremediation ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Heavy Soil ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Dechlorinating Bacteria ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Heavy herbicide/dioxin contamination of soil was derived a negative effect on the microbial biodiversity, soil quality, animal and human health in Central and South of Vietnam. This is the first time, the application metagenomic tools investigated soil microbial structural community of undetoxified (C - 21,605 ng TEQ/kg dry soil) and bioremediated (BHR - 13.2 ng TEQ/kg dry soil) which could not only help us to explore the potential risks associated with contaminated soils but also provide insights into possible soil bioremediation technology by stimulating indigenous microbes. Four methanogen genera, Methanosarcina (24 - 322 OTUs respectively C – BHR samples), Methanocella (13 - 63 OTUs), Methanosaeta (7 - 42 OTUs) and Methanococcus (6 - 69 OTUs) have been dominantly detected in both two metagenomes. Twenty genera of archaea belonging to the phylum Euryarchaeota were found. They could be clustered within 14 different families and nine archaeal genera including unclassified archaea (17 OTUs – C; 145 OTUs - BHR). In metagenome C and BHR, 12 genera of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) with different number (2 - 77; 61 - 904 OTUs) respectively were presented. Four SRB genera are dominated in C metagenome, it is linear also in BHR. The highest number is genus Desulfovibrio detected in both examined metagenomes. However, the relationship features of these bacterial groups need deeply investigation for understanding their role of reductive dechlorination, anaerobic degradation in herbicide/dioxin contaminated heavy soil and sediment. These results provide additional evidence to explain why heavy herbicide/dioxin contaminated soil was detoxified successfully at Bien Hoa airbase, Vietnam.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF A Microbacterium sp. STRAIN ISOLATED FROM SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH HYDROCARBONS IN THE BURGOS BASIN, MEXICO

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Antonia Cruz-Hernández ◽  
Jessica Reyes-Peralta ◽  
Alberto Mendoza-Herrera ◽  
Gildardo Rivera ◽  
Virgilio Bocanegra-García
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Soil Bioremediation ◽  
Cell Free Extract ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Surfactant Production ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Potential Use

The development of novel bioremediation strategies has focused on the isolation and identification of microorganisms that can thrive in polluted environments to evaluate their potential as biotechnological tools in bioremediation techniques. In this work, a bacterium isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soils from the Burgos basin was identified and its hydrocarbon degradation potential was evaluated. Identification based on sequencing the 16S rRNA gene identified one of the isolates (R3) as Microbacterium petrolearium. This strain was mainly antibiotic-sensitive with elevated carbohydrate assimilation differing from previously reported strains. Moderate surfactant production (I24 = 22.97 %) was observed, which was absent in a cell-free extract. M. petrolearium R3 showed increased growth that correlated with pollutant concentration. For light crude oil, at a higher contaminant percentage, the R3 strain showed increased growth; however, in the case of diesel, no growth was detected. The aforementioned data indicate that M. petrolearium strain R3, isolated from local sources, has potential use as a tool for hydrocarbon-contaminated soil bioremediation.

scholarly journals Use of Silicon Dioxide Encapsulation Method for Restoration of Oil-Polluted Soils

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Synthetic Surfactant ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Main Component

Purpose. Approbation of the method of encapsulation of silicon dioxide to restore the biological value of oil-contaminated soil. Methods. The encapsulating solution was prepared using sodium silicate (7% w. / vol.) as the main component and a synthetic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate). To restore the contaminated soil, a treatment solution ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 was used for sodium silicate and sodium dodecyl sulfate, respectively. Phytotoxicity of oil-contaminated soil was determined by biotesting aqueous extracts from the soil. Results. The most optimized for use from the studied ratios of substances is a solution consisting of 2 parts: sodium silicate and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The lowest phytotoxic effect (17%) was recorded at pH of 5 of the treated soil and the ratio of solution components 1:2 (sodium silicate / sodium dodecyl sulfate). In the experiments, 2 species of monocotyledons (oats, corn) and 2 species of dicotyledonous plants (lettuce, black radish) were used. Conclusions. The technology of encapsulation of silicon dioxide in the treatment of oil-contaminated soils with a solution of sodium silicate and sodium dodecyl sulfate is quite economically attractive. The material formed as a result of the encapsulation process dries, forming an amorphous silica material, within which, in our opinion, hydrocarbons and heavy metals accumulate, but further research is needed for such a statement.

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