scholarly journals Development of an Adaptive Model for the Rate of Steel Corrosion in a Recirculating Water System

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1639
Author(s):  
Xiaochuan Huang ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
Ling Zhu ◽  
Ge He

The stable quality of circulating water ensures the long-term stable operation of various processes in petrochemical production and achieves energy savings and emission reduction while reducing environmental pollution and yielding economic benefits to petrochemical enterprises. However, traditional circulating water quality evaluation and modeling for corrosion rate prediction suffer from adaptability and accuracy problems. To address these problems, the water quality analysis data of the circulating water in the field were subjected to data preprocessing and water quality index calculation to perform feature engineering, followed by modeling using a machine learning method that integrates the adaptive immune genetic algorithm and random forest (RF) algorithm and can intelligently select the water quality parameters to be used as the input variables for the RF modeling. Finally, the method was validated using an industrial example, and the results indicate that the method is capable of removing interference variables and is suitable for carbon steel corrosion rate prediction based on water quality models. The proposed method provides a basis for water quality management and real-time decision-making by circulating water field personnel.

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 003685042110359
Author(s):  
Eugene Appiah-Effah ◽  
Emmanuel Nketiah Ahenkorah ◽  
Godwin Armstrong Duku ◽  
Kwabena Biritwum Nyarko

Drinking water in Ghana is estimated at 79%, but this only represents the proportion of the population with access to improved drinking water sources without regard to the quality of water consumed. This study investigated the quality of household drinking water sources in the Oforikrom municipality where potable water requirements are on the rise due to an ever-increasing population. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed in this study. One Hundred households were randomly selected and interviewed on the available options for drinking water and household water treatment and safe storage. A total of 52 points of collection (POC) and 97 points of use (POU) water samples from households were collected for physicochemical and microbial water quality analysis. Amongst the available drinking water options, sachet water (46%) was mostly consumed by households. Water quality analysis revealed that the physicochemical parameters of all sampled drinking water sources were within the Ghana Standards Authority (GSA) recommended values expected for pH (ranging from 4.50 to 7.50). For the drinking water sources, bottled (100%, n = 2) and sachet water (91%, n = 41) showed relatively good microbial water quality. Generally, POC water samples showed an improved microbial water quality in comparison to POU water samples. About 38% ( n = 8) of the households practicing water quality management, were still exposed to unsafe drinking water sources. Households should practice good water quality management at the domestic level to ensure access to safe drinking water. This may include the use of chlorine-based disinfectants to frequently disinfect boreholes, wells and storage facilities at homes.


2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 934-938
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Kagawa ◽  
Hiroki Katsura ◽  
Keiji Suruga ◽  
Takashi Saigusa

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Jan W. F. S. Tamanampo ◽  
Georis J. F. Kaligis ◽  
Lawrence J. L. Lumingas

The research of  cumulative valuation  of physico-chemical  from Tondano Lake was conducted  in to  dry season on 2015.  The purpose  of the study was to  analysis of water quality of the Lake  such as Total Suspeded Solid (TSS), Total Disolved Solid (TDS), and Conductivity (DHL), as physical  parameters, and also chemical parameters such as  pH, Ca, Mg, K, SO4, Nitrogen Total, NH3, NO3, Phosfat Total, PO4, and Fe.  These were done by taking water sample on 24 location.The data were analysed by multivariate analysis with soft ware statistic R versi 3.3.2, and  Water quality analysis  based on  water quality criteria for  water environment, and Decree of Government Republic Indonesian No.82 /2001 about water quality management and water pollution control.Result revealed that  average and deviation standart  of phyco-chemical  parameters    are   TDS (mg/l)  192.0471 ± 94.1827, TSS (mg/l)  13.33 ± 4.8154 , DHL ( µmhos/cm)  317.833 ± 161.984, pH (6.8875  ± 0.2291), Ca (mg/l) 16.6667  ± 7.2284, Mg (mg/l) 14.7714  ± 0.3860, K (mg/l) 2.330  ± 0.4467, SO4 (mg/l) 5.685  ± 5.3366, Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 2.993  ± 5.3364, NH3 (mg/l) 0.2348  ± 0.8543, NO3 (mg/l) 5.3567  ± 7.0824, Total Phosfat (mg/l) 0.3333  ± 0.4821, PO4 (mg/l) 0.1130  ± 0.3315, Fe (mg/l) 0.11  ± 0.1901Principle Componen Analysis (PCA)  with  Eigen value (cumulative  % of variance)  62.68 %  explaining  10  parameter of physical chemistry water and 10 research location  as  reduction data from initial data.  Cluster analysis with  reduction data formed (1) The research location between Eris village and eceng gondok area, and fish Pond Eris village, the dominant variable were TDS, DHL, Nitrogen Total, and NH3.  (2) The research location in fish Pond Toulimembet  village, in front of  eceng gondok Urongo village, in front of eceng gondok Paleloan village, and in front of eceng gondok Roong village, the dominant variable were SO4, pH, and Mg,  (3) The research location between Kakas villages and eceng gondok area , Kaweng village and eceng gondok area, Kaweng village and eceng gondok area, Toulimembet village and eceng gondok area, and also fish Pond Kaima village,  the dominant variable were TSS, Ca, dan K.Tondano Lake has level of productivity from medium to high, and it is good for fish culture and fishery activity, prossed for drinking water, agriculture, animal husbandry, industry, and water power.Keywords :  Valuation, physical chemistry water, criteria   Abstrak           Penelitian tentang kumulatif kualitas fisik kimia air Danau Tondano telah dilakukan pada  musim kemarau tahun 2015.  Tujuan penelitian adalah (1)  menganalisis kualitas air Danau Tondano  yang meliputi  TSS, TDS, DH sebagai faktor fisika perairan , dan faktor kimia  yaitu derajat keasaman (pH), parameter fisika air danau yaitu Calsium, Magnesium, Kalium, Sulfat, Total nitrogen,  Amoniak, Nitrat, Total Phosfat, Phosfat terlarut, dan Besi (Fe).Sampel air di ambil pada 24 titik pengambilan sampel di Danau Tondano.  Pengambilan sampel air  pada kedalaman 20 meter dilakukan pada 21 titik atau lokasi penelitian,  titik pengambilan sampel pada kedalaman  5 meter, 10 meter, dan 20 meter.Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan  (1) Analisis multivariate dengan bantuan perangkat lunak statistic R versi R 3.3.2. (2)  Analisis kulaitas air dengan menggunakan kriteria kualitas air bagi lingkungan perairan, dan  Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No. 81 Tahun 2001 tentang pengelolaan kualitas air dan pengendalian pencemaran air.Hasil analisis menunjukan konsentrasi  rata-rata dan stadar deviasi TDS (mg/l)  192.0471 ± 94.1827, TSS (mg/l)  13.33 ± 4.8154 , DHL ( µmhos/cm)  317.833 ± 161.984, pH (6.8875  ± 0.2291), Ca (mg/l) 16.6667  ± 7.2284, Mg (mg/l) 14.7714  ± 0.3860, K (mg/l) 2.330  ± 0.4467, SO4 (mg/l) 5.685  ± 5.3366, Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 2.993  ± 5.3364, NH3 (mg/l) 0.2348  ± 0.8543, NO3 (mg/l) 5.3567  ± 7.0824, Total Phosfat (mg/l) 0.3333  ± 0.4821, PO4 (mg/l) 0.1130  ± 0.3315, Fe (mg/l) 0.11  ± 0.1901. Melalui Analisis Komponen Utama (AKU) diperoleh nilai Eigen 62.68 %  yang mampu  menerangkan varian indicator 10 variabel lingkungan dan 10 lokasi penelitian sebagai hasil reduksi data. Analisi kluster dari data reduksi membentuk 3 kluster yaitu  Kluster I di lokasi penelitian belakang eceng gondok Eris dan budidaya ikan Eris dengan variabel  dominan TDS, DHL, Total Nitrogen, dan amoniak.  Kluster II di lokasi penelitian budidaya ikan Toulimembet, depan eceng gondok Urongo, depan gondok Paleloan, Depan eceng gondok Roong dengan variabel dominan  SO4, pH, dan Magnesium.  Kluster III di lokasi penelitian belakang eceng gondok Kakas, belakang eceng gondok Kaweng, belakang eceng gondok Toulimembet, dan budidaya ikan Kaima dengan variabel dominan TSS, Ca, dan K.  Danau Tondano memiliki tingkat kesuburan perairan yang dikategorikan sedang sampai tinggi, dan layak bagi kegiatan perikanan, air danau dapat diolah menjadi air minum, keperluan pertanian, peternakan, perikanan, industri dan listrik tenaga air.Kata kunci: Penilaian, fisika kimia air, Kriteria  


2020 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 05033
Author(s):  
Weiran Tian ◽  
Ying Huang

As an important carrier of urban ecology, urban river channels have serious ecological problems that restrict the development of cities. Taking Lijiang River in Guilin as the research object, the field survey of the water system shape, water quality status, plant landscape and other aspects of the Lijiang River Basin was conducted to analyse its existing ecological problems. Based on the concept of “City Betterment and Ecological Restoration”, the Lijiang River Basin ecological restoration and landscape repair work will be carried out from four aspects: water quality management, construction of natural river shape, coastal vegetation landscape ecological restoration, and water system landscape optimization design, so as to achieve a virtuous cycle of water ecosystem and promote sustainable development of landscape in Lijiang River Basin.


2013 ◽  
Vol 333-335 ◽  
pp. 1841-1846
Author(s):  
Chang Shan Huang ◽  
Hui Wu Xu ◽  
Yu Shan Cheng ◽  
Jin Ying Wu ◽  
Mian Xue

Objective: Through the test of air conditioning cooling water circulation system and the electrical conductivity of iron corrosion velocity, find out the method of corrosion control measures; Methods: Rotating hanging plate method and conductivity meter and other cooling water test air conditioning system in different conductivity of metal iron corrosion rate; Conductivity results: Air-conditioning cooling water circulation system of more than 1900 μs/cm, metal corrosion rate less than 0.05mm/a, shall meet the relevant standards. Conclusion: Through the addition of corrosion inhibitor, scientific emission and control of circulating cooling water pH, conductivity decreased circulating water cooling, can reduce the corrosion of iron, to ensure the safe and stable operation of cooling water pipe and equipment.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Irkhamiawan Ma’ruf ◽  
Rahmad Kurniawan ◽  
Khusnul Khotimah

ABSTRACTAs a common properti, fisheries management in swamps need to be made to provides economic benefits for the parties on the one side (especially the community), and the sustainability of the ecosystem itself on the other side. Current conditions need to be obtained to formulate swamp resource management in a sustainable manner by reducing fishing activities with aquaculture activities. Aquaculture, besides providing greater income, can also control fishing activities and reduce pressure on the swamp ecosystem. The study was conducted in Rawa Deling, Deling Village, Pangkalan Lampam Sub-District, OKI District. Water quality measurements are carried out for 5 months, from March 2018 to July 2018 in 4 stations with differences depth and vegetation. Water quality analysis is carried out to get an overview of the swamp condition. Water quality data will determine the feasibility and treatment needed for aquaculture. The results of water quality measurements showed that temperature parameter values ranging from 28.1 - 32.2 oC, depths of 0.7 - 5 m, brightness of 20 - 50 cm, TDS 17 - 35 mgL-1, pH 4.1 - 5, DO 1 , 7 - 4.1 mgL-1, phosphate <0.060 - <0.090 mgL-1, total nitrogen 12.50 - 38.90 mgL-1, ammonia 0.68 - 0.93 mgL-1. Measuring water quality shows the potential for deling swamps to be developed in an effort to increase fish stocks and aquaculture activities.Keywords : lebak lebung swamps, sustainable fisheries management, swamp water quality


2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-M. Kao ◽  
K.-F. Chen ◽  
Y.-L. Liao ◽  
C.-W. Chen

The Kaoping River basin is the largest and the most intensively used river basin in Taiwan. It is 171 km long and drains a catchment of more than 3,250 km2. Based on the current water quality analysis, the Kaoping River is heavily polluted. Concern about the deteriorating condition of the river led the Government of Taiwan to amend the relevant legislation and strengthen the enforcement of the discharge regulations to effectively manage the river and control the pollution. Investigation results demonstrate that both point and non-point source pollutants are now the causes of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nutrients, and pathogens in the river. The main water pollution sources are livestock wastewater from hog farms, municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, non-point source (NPS) pollutants from agricultural areas, and leachate from riverbank landfills. The current daily BOD, NH3-N, and TP loadings to Kaoping River are 74,700, 39,400, and 5,100 kg, respectively. However, the calculated BOD, NH3-N, and TP carrying capacities are 27,700, 4,200, and 600 kg per day. To protect public health and improve the river water quality, a comprehensive management and construction strategy is proposed. The proposed strategy includes the following measures to meet the calculated river carrying capacity: (1) a hog ban in the entire Kaoping River basin, (2) sewer system construction to achieve 30% of connection in the basin within 10 years, (3) removal of 10 riverbank landfills, and (4) enforcement of the industrial wastewater discharge standards. After the implementation of the proposed measures, the water quality should be significantly improved and the BOD and nutrient loadings can be reduced to below the calculated carrying capacities.


Author(s):  
Nguyen Ngoc Tan ◽  
Dang Vu Hiep

Corrosion rate is one of the most important input parameters in corrosion-induced damage prediction models as well as in calculation of service-life for reinforced concrete structures. In most cases, instantaneous measurements or constant corrosion rate values used in damage prediction models is irrelevant. The new factors appearing such as corrosion-induced cover cracking, concrete quality to change the corrosion rate should be taken into consideration. This study shows several empirical models to predict the corrosion rate and their limits of application. The predicted values of steel corrosion rate using four empirical models are compared with the measured values of a series of 55 experimental samples collected from the literature. The results show that the empirical models overestimated the experimental corrosion rate. Using model proposed by Liu and Weyers provided the best agreement with the experimental data. Keywords: corrosion rate; prediction model; reinforced concrete; chloride ions; reinforcement corrosion.


2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Xu ◽  
P. J. van Overloop ◽  
N. C. van de Giesen ◽  
G. S. Stelling

In open water systems, keeping both water depths and water quality at specified values is critical for maintaining a ‘healthy’ water system. Many systems still require manual operation, at least for water quality management. When applying real-time control, both quantity and quality standards need to be met. In this paper, an artificial polder flushing case is studied. Model Predictive Control (MPC) is developed to control the system. In addition to MPC, a ‘forward estimation’ procedure is used to acquire water quality predictions for the simplified model used in MPC optimization. In order to illustrate the advantages of MPC, classical control [Proportional-Integral control (PI)] has been developed for comparison in the test case. The results show that both algorithms are able to control the polder flushing process, but MPC is more efficient in functionality and control flexibility.


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