scholarly journals Chemical Characterization of the Lichen-Symbiont Microalga Asterochloris erici and Study of Its Cytostatic Effect on the L929 Murine Fibrosarcoma Cell Line

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1509
Author(s):  
M. Concepción Matesanz ◽  
Mercedes Villa-Carvajal ◽  
Javier Linares ◽  
Sonia Morante-Zarcero ◽  
Isabel Sierra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Cytostatic Effect ◽  
Extreme Stress

New resources of food, pharmaceuticals or biotechnological products are needed. The huge biodiversity of aero-terrestrial lichen-symbiont microalgae belonging to the Chlorophyta group remains unexplored despite they present interesting features such as extreme stress tolerance and growth in water shortage. Appropriateness for human consumption demands the demonstration of the absence of toxic effects. In vitro biocompatibility of crude homogenates of axenic microalga Asterochloris erici, isolated from the lichen Cladonia cristatella, was analyzed after treatment of cultured L929 fibroblasts with different concentrations of microalgal homogenates. The microalgal protein content (37%) was similar to spirulina or soybean. Antioxidant capacity (10.6 ± 0.6 µmol TE/g WW) or phenolic content (7.5 ± 0.5 mg GAE/g DW) were high compared to Chlorella. The results show that crude homogenates of A. erici do not induce cytotoxicity but seem to have some cytostatic effect inducing slight cell cycle alterations and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase at the highest concentration. Carotenoid analysis demonstrates high contents of lutein (1211 µg/g microalga DW), a xanthophyll with antioxidant and cytostatic properties in vivo and high commercial added value. These findings confirm that Asterochloris erici can be suitable for the development of alimentary or pharmaceutical applications and further in vivo animal testing. The cytostatic effects should be further investigated for antitumor agents.

scholarly journals Chemical Characterization of the Lichen-symbiont Microalga Asterochloris erici and Study of Its Cytostatic Effect on the L929 Murine Fibrosarcoma Cell Line

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Concepción Matesanz ◽  
Mercedes Villa-Carvajal ◽  
Javier Linares ◽  
Sonia Morante-Zarcero ◽  
Isabel Sierra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cytostatic Effect ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Murine Fibrosarcoma ◽  
Terrestrial Lichen

New resources of food, pharmaceuticals or biotechnological products are needed. The huge biodiversity of aero-terrestrial lichen-symbiont microalgae remains unexplored. Viability of these for human consumption demands the demonstration of the absence of toxic effects. In vitro biocompatibility of crude homogenates of axenic microalga Asterochloris erici, symbiotic in the lichen Cladonia cristatella, was analyzed after treatment of cultured L929 fibroblasts with different doses of microalgal homogenates. The results show that crude homogenates of A. erici do not induce fibroblast cytotoxicity but seem to have some cytostatic effect inducing slight cell cycle alterations and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase at the highest dose. Carotenoid analysis demonstrates high content of lutein, a xanthophyll with antioxidant and cytostatic properties in vivo. These findings confirm that Asterochloris erici can be considered suitable for the development of alimentary or pharmaceutical applications. The cytostatic effects should be further investigated for antitumor agents.

Vitamin D as potential therapeutic anticancer agent

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Chemotherapy Agents

The role of vitamin D is implicated in carcinogenesis through numerous biological processes like induction of apoptosis, modulation of immune system inhibition of inflammation and cell proliferation and promotion of cell differentiation. Its use as additional adjuvant drug with cancer treatment may be novel combination for improved outcome of different cancers. Numerous preclinical, epidemiological and clinical studies support the role of vitamin D as an anticancer agent. Anticancer properties of vitamin D have been studied widely (both in vivo and in vitro) among various cancers and found to have promising results. There are considerable data that indicate synergistic potential of calcitriol and antitumor agents. Possible mechanisms for modulatory anticancer activity of vitamin D include its antiproliferative, prodifferentiating, and anti-angiogenic and apoptic properties. Calcitriol reduces invasiveness and metastatic potential of many cancer cells by inhibiting angiogenesis and regulating expression of the key molecules involved in invasion and metastasis. Anticancer activity of vitamin D is synergistic or additive with the antineoplastic actions of several drugs including cytotoxic chemotherapy agents like paclitaxel, docetaxel, platinum base compounds and mitoxantrone. Benefits of addition of vitamin D should be weighed against the risk of its toxicity.

A Review on Opuntia Species and its Chemistry, Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology and Bioapplications

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1227-1244
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Kumar ◽  
Pramod K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Human Consumption ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Sugar Amino Acids ◽  
Opuntia Species ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Online Library ◽  
Different Parts

Background:: Opuntia species, locally known as prickly pear was used for various purposes as food, medicine, beverage, source of dye and animal food. Many studies have revealed its pharmacology activity from time to time. This review is a collection of chemistry, pharmacognosy, pharmacology and bioapplications of the cactus family. Methods: Many sources were used to collect information about Opuntia species such as Pub med, Google scholar, Agris, science direct, Embase, Merk index, Wiley online library, books and other reliable sources. This review contains studies from 1812 to 2019. Results: The plants from the cactus family offer various pharmacological active compounds including phenolic compounds, carotenoids, betalains, vitamins, steroids, sugar, amino acids, minerals and fibers. These bioactive compounds serve various pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antiviral, anti-diabetic, Neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, antibacterial, antiulcer and alcohol hangover. According to various studies, Opuntia species offer many bioapplications such as fodder for animal, soil erosion, prevention, human consumption and waste water decontamination. Finally, different parts of plants are used in various formulations that offer many biotechnology applications. Conclusion: Different parts of Opuntia plant (fruits, seeds, flowers and cladodes) are used in various health problems which include wound healing, anti-inflammatory and urinary tract infection from ancient times. Nowadays, researches have extended several pharmacological and therapeutic uses of Opuntia species as discussed in this review. Many in-vitro and in-vivo models are also discussed in this review as the proofs of research findings. Various research gaps have been observed in current studies that require attention in the future.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Characterization of a Non-Polar Extract of Saffron Stamens in Food Matrix

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Severino Zara ◽  
Giacomo L. Petretto ◽  
Alberto Mannu ◽  
Giacomo Zara ◽  
Marilena Budroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
By Products

The production of saffron spice generates large quantities of plant by-products: over 90% of the plant material collected is discarded, and a consideration fraction of this waste is plant stamens. This work investigated the chemical composition and the antimicrobial activities of the non-polar fraction extracted from four different saffron flower stamens. The chemical composition of ethereal extracts of the saffron stamens was qualitatively assessed by means of gas–chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. These analyses revealed ethereal extracts to possess a high polyunsaturated fatty acid content. In vitro antibacterial activity of stamen extracts showed no large differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in terms of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). In food matrix microbial analysis of the bacterial strains belonging to the main foodborne pathogen species, including Staphylococcus aureus DSM 20231, Escherichia coli DSM 30083, and Listeria monocytogenes DSM 20600, using low-fat UHT milk, revealed a statistically significant reduction in the number of cells (particularly for E. coli and S. aureus with a complete elimination of the population of the two target bacteria following incubation in diethyl ether extracts of saffron stamen (DES) at high concentrations tested, both at 37 °C and 6 °C (for 48 h and 7 days, respectively). A synergic effect was observed when the pathogens were incubated at 6 °C with DES. This work shows these by-products to be excellent sources of bioactive compounds, which could be exploited in high-added-value products, such as food, cosmetics, and drugs.

Comparative Evaluation of In Vitro and In Vivo Assays for the Detection of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus as a Contaminant of Live Poultry Vaccines

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-634
Author(s):  
Emiliana Falcone ◽  
Edoardo Vignolo ◽  
Livia Di Trani ◽  
Simona Puzelli ◽  
Maria Tollis
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis

A reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay specific for identifying avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in poultry vaccines, and the serological response to IBV induced by the inoculation of chicks with a Newcastle disease vaccine spiked with the Massachusetts strain of IBV, were compared for their ability to detect IBV as a contaminant of avian vaccines. The sensitivity of the IBV-RT-PCR assay provided results which were at least equivalent to the biological effect produced by the inoculation of chicks, allowing this assay to be considered a valid alternative to animal testing in the quality control of avian immunologicals. This procedure can easily be adapted to detect a number of contaminants for which the in vivo test still represents the only available method of detection.

scholarly journals Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modeling and Antitumor Evaluation of Novel Indolyl-Pyrimidine Derivatives with EGFR Inhibitory Activity

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1838
Author(s):  
Naglaa M. Ahmed ◽  
Mahmoud M. Youns ◽  
Moustafa K. Soltan ◽  
Ahmed M. Said
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Modeling ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Normal Cells

Scaffolds hybridization is a well-known drug design strategy for antitumor agents. Herein, series of novel indolyl-pyrimidine hybrids were synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their antitumor activity. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of all compounds was obtained against MCF-7, HepG2, and HCT-116 cancer cell lines, as well as against WI38 normal cells using the resazurin assay. Compounds 1–4 showed broad spectrum cytotoxic activity against all these cancer cell lines compared to normal cells. Compound 4g showed potent antiproliferative activity against these cell lines (IC50 = 5.1, 5.02, and 6.6 μM, respectively) comparable to the standard treatment (5-FU and erlotinib). In addition, the most promising group of compounds was further evaluated for their in vivo antitumor efficacy against EAC tumor bearing mice. Notably, compound 4g showed the most potent in vivo antitumor activity. The most active compounds were evaluated for their EGFR inhibitory (range 53–79 %) activity. Compound 4g was found to be the most active compound against EGFR (IC50 = 0.25 µM) showing equipotency as the reference treatment (erlotinib). Molecular modeling study was performed on compound 4g revealed a proper binding of this compound inside the EGFR active site comparable to erlotinib. The data suggest that compound 4g could be used as a potential anticancer agent.

scholarly journals Probiotics in Fish Nutrition—Long-Standing Household Remedy or Native Nutraceuticals?

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1348
Author(s):  
Sven Wuertz ◽  
Arne Schroeder ◽  
Konrad M. Wanka
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Fish Nutrition ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Resistance Decrease ◽  
Stress Susceptibility

Over the last decades, aquaculture production increased rapidly. The future development of the industry highly relies on the sustainable utilization of natural resources. The need for improving disease resistance, growth performance, food conversion, and product safety for human consumption has stimulated the application of probiotics in aquaculture. Probiotics increase growth and feed conversion, improve health status, raise disease resistance, decrease stress susceptibility, and improve general vigor. Currently, most probiotics still originate from terrestrial sources rather than fish. However, host-associated (autochthonous) probiotics are likely more persistent in the gastrointestinal tract of fish and may, therefore, exhibit longer-lasting effects on the host. Probiotic candidates are commonly screened in in vitro assays, but the transfer to in vivo assessment is often problematic. In conclusion, modulation of the host-associated microbiome by the use of complex probiotics is promising, but a solid understanding of the interactions involved is only in its infancy and requires further research. Probiotics could be used to explore novel ingredients such as chitin-rich insect meal, which cannot be digested by the fish host alone. Most importantly, probiotics offer the opportunity to improve stress and disease resistance, which is among the most pressing problems in aquaculture.

New thiazacridine agents: Synthesis, physical and chemical characterization, and in vitro anticancer evaluation

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1059-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
MBO Chagas ◽  
NCC Cordeiro ◽  
KMR Marques ◽  
MG Rocha Pitta ◽  
MJBM Rêgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A series of new thiazacridine agents were synthesized and evaluated as antitumor agents, in terms of not only their cytotoxicity but also their selectivity. The cytotoxicity assay confirmed that all compounds showed cytotoxic activity and selectivity. The new compound, 3-acridin-9-ylmethyl-5-(5-bromo-1 H-indol-3-ylmethylene)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione (LPSF/AA29 – 7a), proved to be the most promising compound as it presents lower half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values (ranging from 0.25 to 68.03 µM) depending on cell lineage. In HepG2 cells, the lowest IC50 value was exhibited by 3-acridin-9-ylmethyl-5-(4-piperidin-1-yl-benzylidene)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione (LPSF/AA36 – 7b; 46.95 µM). None of the synthesized compounds showed cytotoxic activity against normal cells (IC50 > 100 µM). The mechanism of death induction and cell cycle effects was also evaluated. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the compounds LPSF/AA29 – 7a and LPSF/AA36 – 7b significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic cells and induced G2/M arrest in the cell cycle progression. Therefore, these new thiazacridine derivatives constitute promising antitumor agents whose cytotoxicity and selectivity properties indicate they have potential to contribute to or serve as a basis for the development of new cancer drugs in the future.

scholarly journals IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EVALUATION OF 2-CHLOROE THYLN ITROSOUREA DERIVATIVES AS ANTITUMOR AGENTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
A Sen ◽  
K K Goswami ◽  
A Mallick ◽  
A K Saxena ◽  
U Sanyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Mouse Tumor ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Aim: To evaluate potential of Naphthal-NU, Napro-NU and 5-Nitro-naphthal-NU, 2-chloroethylnitrosourea compounds with substituted naphthalimide in the pre-clinical studies. Materials and Methods: In vitro cytotoxicity of three nitrosoureas was determined in human and mouse tumor cell lines by MTT assays. In vivo anti-tumor potential was evaluated in Sarcoma-180 (S-180) and Ehrlich’s carcinoma (EC) solid tumors. Apoptosis in S-180 cells was analyzed by using Annexin V-Propidium Iodide (PI). Histological analysis of liver and kidney was performed at optimum dose (50 mg/kg). Expression status of CD4+, CD8+ and CD25+ cells in treated mouse were also examined. Results: Significant tumor growth retardation by the compounds was noted in early and advanced disease groups, as the life span of drug treated mice increased considerably. Drug induced killing was observed by induction of apoptosis. Naphthal-NU and 5-Nitro-naphthal-NU were effective to normalize the tumor induced structural abnormalities of liver and kidney. The compounds have no immunotoxic effect on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and down regulate CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Conclusion: Overall data holds promise for the antitumor activity with lower toxicity of the compounds that can be utilized for the treatment of human malignant tumors.

2-Substituted Estradiol Bis-sulfamates, Multitargeted Antitumor Agents:  Synthesis, In Vitro SAR, Protein Crystallography, and In Vivo Activity†

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (26) ◽  
pp. 7683-7696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew P. Leese ◽  
Bertrand Leblond ◽  
Andrew Smith ◽  
Simon P. Newman ◽  
Anna Di Fiore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Protein Crystallography
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