scholarly journals Universal Model for the Cogeneration of Heat, Power and Char in a Decoupled Pyrolysis and Gasification Process for Techno-Economic Assessment

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1442
Author(s):  
Dušan Klinar ◽  
Marcel Huber ◽  
Nataša Belšak Šel ◽  
Klavdija Rižnar
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Numerical Range ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Heat Power ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
General Average ◽  
Relevant Calculation

Present work aims to present a complete and detailed heat-mass balance data, streams elemental and species composition as crucial input data for Techno-Economic Assessment (TEA). Combined heat, power and char (CHPC) generation in decoupled pyrolysis and gasification processes ensures a highly efficient, reliable and sustainable economic use of biomass. Innovative process model based on simultaneous heat-mass balance with the elemental (C, H, O) and species (CO, H2, CO2, CH4 and H2O) composition of each stream provides reliable data with a general/average variability in a range of ±10% and ±5% for the main outputs. Thermodynamic calculations verified not only the concept but also a numerical range of the results. Comparisons with recently published, scientific and data from technology providers, prove their general applicability and consistency. TEA cases, presented in a complete and detailed table, allow selection of the relevant calculation basis providing reliable data for doubtless evaluation at investors/entrepreneurs striving for a successful business model.

Biorefinery implementation for recovery debottlenecking at existing pulp mills- Part II: Techno-economic evaluation

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAKIM GHEZZAZ ◽  
LUC PELLETIER ◽  
PAUL R. STUART
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Precipitation Process

The evaluation and process risk assessment of (a) lignin precipitation from black liquor, and (b) the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction for recovery boiler debottlenecking in an existing pulp mill is presented in Part I of this paper, which was published in the July 2012 issue of TAPPI Journal. In Part II, the economic assessment of the two biorefinery process options is presented and interpreted. A mill process model was developed using WinGEMS software and used for calculating the mass and energy balances. Investment costs, operating costs, and profitability of the two biorefinery options have been calculated using standard cost estimation methods. The results show that the two biorefinery options are profitable for the case study mill and effective at process debottlenecking. The after-tax internal rate of return (IRR) of the lignin precipitation process option was estimated to be 95%, while that of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process option was 28%. Sensitivity analysis showed that the after tax-IRR of the lignin precipitation process remains higher than that of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process option, for all changes in the selected sensitivity parameters. If we consider the after-tax IRR, as well as capital cost, as selection criteria, the results show that for the case study mill, the lignin precipitation process is more promising than the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction process. However, the comparison between the two biorefinery options should include long-term evaluation criteria. The potential of high value-added products that could be produced from lignin in the case of the lignin precipitation process, or from ethanol and acetic acid in the case of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process, should also be considered in the selection of the most promising process option.

scholarly journals Modelling and experimental analysis of a small-scale olive pomace gasifier for cogeneration applications: A techno-economic assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-339
Author(s):  
João Cardoso ◽  
Valter Silva ◽  
Daniela Eusébio ◽  
Tiago Carvalho ◽  
Paulo Brito
Keyword(s):  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency ◽  
Gas Efficiency ◽  
Cold Gas

A 2-D numerical simulation approach was implemented to describe the gasification process of olive pomace in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. The numerical model was validated under experimental gasification runs performed in a 250 kWth quasi-industrial biomass gasifier. The producer gas composition, H2/CO ratio, CH4/H2 ratio, cold gas efficiency and tar content were evaluated. The most suitable applications for the potential use of olive pomace as an energy source in Portugal were assessed based on the results. A techno-economic study and a Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis were performed to assess the feasibility and foresee the main investment risks in conducting olive pomace gasification in small facilities. Results indicated that olive pomace gasification is more suitable for domestic purposes. The low cold gas efficiency of the process (around 20%) turns the process more appropriate for producer gas production in small cogeneration facilities. Olive pomace gasification solutions showed viable economic performance in small cogeneration solutions for agriculture waste-to-energy recovery in olive oil agriculture cooperatives. However, the slender profitability may turn the project unattractive for most investors from a financial standpoint.

scholarly journals Techno-economic Assessment of Thermal Co-pretreatment and Co-digestion of Food Wastes and Sewage Sludge for Heat, Power and Biochar Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 1737-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh S. Kempegowda ◽  
Øyvind Skreiberg ◽  
Khanh-Quang Tran ◽  
P.V.P. Selvam
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Food Wastes ◽  
Heat Power

scholarly journals Underground coal gasification - the Velenje Coal Mine energy and economic calculations

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damjan Konovsek ◽  
Zdravko Praunseis ◽  
Jurij Avsec ◽  
Gorazd Bercic ◽  
Andrej Pohar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Underground Coal Gasification ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Demonstration Experiment ◽  
Past Experiences

Underground coal gasification (UCG) is a viable possibility for the exploitation of vast coal deposits that are unreachable by conventional mining and can meet the energy, economic and environmental demands of the 21st century. Due to the complexity of the process, and the site-specific coal and seam properties, it is important to acknowledge all the available data and past experiences, in order to conduct a successful UCG operation. Slovenia has huge unmined reserves of coal, and therefore offers the possibility of an alternative use of this domestic primary energy source. According to the available underground coal gasification technology, the energy and economic assessment for the exploitation of coal to generate electricity and heat was made. A new procedure for the estimation of the energy efficiency of the coal gasification process, which is also used to compare the energy analyses for different examples of coal exploitation, was proposed, as well as the technological schemes and plant operating mode in Velenje, and the use of produced synthetic coal gas (syngas). The proposed location for the pilot demonstration experiment in Velenje Coal Mine was reviewed and the viability of the underground coal gasification project in Velenje was determined.

scholarly journals NHM-SMAP: Spatially and temporally high resolution non-hydrostatic atmospheric model coupled with detailed snow process model for Greenland Ice Sheet

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Niwano ◽  
Teruo Aoki ◽  
Akihiro Hashimoto ◽  
Sumito Matoba ◽  
Satoru Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Richards Equation ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Line Configuration ◽  
On Line

Abstract. To improve surface mass balance (SMB) estimates for the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), we developed a 5 km resolution regional climate model combining the Japan Meteorological Agency Non-Hydrostatic atmospheric Model and the Snow Metamorphism and Albedo Process model (NHM-SMAP) with an output interval of 1 h, forced by the Japanese 55year Reanalysis (JRA-55). We used in situ data to evaluate NHM-SMAP in the GrIS during the 2011–2014 mass balance years. We investigated two options for the lower boundary conditions of the atmosphere, an "off-line" configuration using snow/firn/ice albedo and surface temperature data from JRA-55 and an "on-line" configuration using values from SMAP. The on-line configuration improved model performance in simulating 2 m air temperature, suggesting that the surface analysis provided by JRA-55 is inadequate for the GrIS and that SMAP results can better simulate snow/firn/ice physical conditions. It also reproduced the measured features of the GrIS climate, diurnal variations, and even a meso-scale strong wind event. In particular, it reproduced the GrIS surface melt area extent well. Sensitivity tests showed that the choice of calculation schemes for vertical water movement in snow and firn has an effect as great as 200 Gt year–1 in the GrIS-wide accumulated SMB estimates; a scheme based on the Richards equation provided the best performance.

Novel Solid Fuel Gasification Power Plant for In Situ CO2 Capture

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kakaras ◽  
A. K. Koumanakos ◽  
P. Klimantos ◽  
A. Doukelis ◽  
N. Koukouzas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
In Situ Co2 Capture

The work presented in this paper aims to examine and analyse a novel concept dealing with the carbonation-calcination process of lime for CO2 capture from coal-fired power plants. The scheme is based on a novel steam gasification process of low rank coals with calcined limestone where in-situ CO2 capture and steam reforming are performed in a single reactor. CO2 is separated reacting exothermically with CaO based sorbents, providing also the necessary heat for the gasification reactions. The produced gas is a H2-rich gas with low carbon or near zero carbon content, depending on the ratio of lime added to the process. The produced fuel gas can be used in state-of-the-art combined cycles where it is converted to electricity, generating almost no CO2 emissions. After being captured in the gasification process, CO2 is released in a separate reactor where extra energy is provided through the combustion of low rank coal. Regenerated CaO is produced in this reactor and is continuously recycled within the process. The key element of the concept is the high-pressure steam gasification process where CO2 is captured by CaO based sorbents and fuel gas with high hydrogen content is produced, without using additional shift reactors. Two optimised power plant configurations are presented in detail and examined. In the first case, pure oxygen is utilised for the low rank coal combustion in the limestone regeneration process, while in the second case fuel is combusted with air instead. Results from the equilibrium based mass balance of the two reactors as well as the power plant thermodynamic simulations, dealing with the most important features for CO2 reduction are presented concerning the two different options. The energy penalties are quantified and the power plant efficiencies are calculated. The calculated results demonstrate the capability of the power plant to deliver decarbonised electricity while achieving high overall electrical efficiencies, comparable to other technological alternatives for CO2 capture power plants. The Aspen Plus software is used for the equilibrium based mass balance of the gasifier and the regenerator while the combined cycle power plant cycle calculations are performed with the thermodynamic cycle calculation software ENBIPRO (ENergie-BIllanz-PROgram), a powerful tool for heat and mass balance solving of complex thermodynamic circuits, calculation of efficiency, exergetic and exergoeconomic analysis of power plants [1].

Coal Seam Gasification in Faulting Zones (Heat and Mass Balance Study)

2018 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 66-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasyl Lozynskyi ◽  
Roman Dichkovskiy ◽  
Pavlo Saik ◽  
Volodymyr Falshtynskyi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Underground Coal Gasification ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Gasification Products ◽  
Mass Balance Study ◽  
Coal Reserves

In this article, the mass and heat balance calculations of underground coal gasification process for thin coal seams in faulting zones of Lvivskyi coal basin (Ukraine) are defined. The purpose of the research is to establish regularities of heat and mass balance changes in faulting zones influence due to usage air and oxygen-enriched blast. A comprehensive methodology that included analytical calculations is implemented in the work. The output parameters of coal gasification products for the Lvivvyhillia coal mines are detailed. The heat balance is performed on the basis of the mass balance of underground coal gasification analytical results and is described in detail. Interpretations based on the conducted research and investigation are also presented. Conclusions regarding the implementation of the offered method are made on the basis of undertaken investigations. According to conducted research the technology of underground coal gasification can be carry out in the faulting zone of stable geodynamic and tectonic activity. The obtained results with sufficient accuracy in practical application will allow consume coal reserves in the faulting zones using environmentally friendly conversion technology to obtain power and chemical generator gas, chemicals and heat.

scholarly journals Contribution to creating a mathematical model of underground coal gasification process

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5 Part B) ◽  
pp. 3275-3282
Author(s):  
David Petrovic ◽  
Dusko Djukanovic ◽  
Dragana Petrovic ◽  
Igor Svrkota
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Underground Coal Gasification ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Underground Gasification

Underground coal gasification, as an auto thermal process, includes processes of degasification, pyrolysis, and the gasification itself. These processes occur as a result of a high temperature and the management of coal combustion during addition of gasification agent. Air, water vapor mixed with air, air or water vapor enriched with oxygen, or pure oxygen, may be used as gasification agents. Resulting gas that is extracted in this process may vary in chemical composition, so it is necessary to adjust it. That is the reason why it is necessary to develop a mathematical model of the underground gasification process prior to any operations in coal deposit, in order to obtain as much accurate prediction of the process as possible. Numerical calculation provides prediction of gas mixture?s chemical composition, which enables calculation of gas components? energy contents and total energy content of the gas in predicted underground coal gasification process. It is one of the main criteria in the economic assessment of underground coal gasification process. This paper, based on available data on researches in this area, provides a contribution to creation of mathematical model of underground coal gasification.

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