scholarly journals Review of Soft Sensors in Anaerobic Digestion Process

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1434
Author(s):  
Pengfei Yan ◽  
Minghui Gai ◽  
Yuhong Wang ◽  
Xiaoyong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Soft Sensor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Soft Sensors ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration

Anaerobic digestion is associated with various crucial variables, such as biogas yield, chemical oxygen demand, and volatile fatty acid concentration. Real-time monitoring of these variables can not only reflect the process of anaerobic digestion directly but also accelerate the efficiency of resource conversion and improve the stability of the reaction process. However, the current real-time monitoring equipment on the market cannot be widely used in the industrial production process due to its defects such as expensive equipment, low accuracy, and lagging analysis. Therefore, it is essential to conduct soft sensor modeling for unmeasurable variables and use auxiliary variables to realize real-time monitoring, optimization, and control of the an-aerobic digestion process. In this paper, the basic principle and process flow of anaerobic digestion are first briefly introduced. Subsequently, the development history of the traditional soft sensor is systematically reviewed, the latest development of soft sensors was detailed, and the obstacles of the soft sensor in the industrial production process are discussed. Finally, the future development trend of deep learning in soft sensors is deeply discussed, and future research directions are provided.

scholarly journals The Potential Benefits Of Real-Time Monitoring Of Combined Sewer Overflows In The City Of Toronto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romak Kordnejad
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Sewer Overflows ◽  
The City

This thesis focuses on the current state of combined sewer overflows (CSO) in the City of Toronto and the potential benefits of utilizing real-time monitoring system to explore options for optimizing current models and reducing future overflows. CSOs containing sanitary and stormwater sewage over spill during wet weather conditions, contaminating bodies of water. Antiquated sewer systems built to support population at the time, no longer have the required capacity to support exponential growth causing environmental damage. Key research findings include exploring the current CSO state in the City of Toronto, remediation plans executed by the City in hopes to reduce CSO and finally concluding the City’s progress to date. Extensive research on CSOs in North American cities has shown initiative towards reducing CSOs while using real-time monitoring systems which can be utilized in the City of Toronto. Future research is required to find effective and efficient ways of implementing such systems.

scholarly journals Robust Data-Driven Soft Sensors for Online Monitoring of Volatile Fatty Acids in Anaerobic Digestion Processes

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pezhman Kazemi ◽  
Jean-Philippe Steyer ◽  
Christophe Bengoa ◽  
Josep Font ◽  
Jaume Giralt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Soft Sensors ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

The concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) is one of the most important measurements for evaluating the performance of anaerobic digestion (AD) processes. In real-time applications, VFAs can be measured by dedicated sensors, which are still currently expensive and very sensitive to harsh environmental conditions. Moreover, sensors usually have a delay that is undesirable for real-time monitoring. Due to these problems, data-driven soft sensors are very attractive alternatives. This study proposes different data-driven methods for estimating reliable VFA values. We evaluated random forest (RF), artificial neural network (ANN), extreme learning machine (ELM), support vector machine (SVM) and genetic programming (GP) based on synthetic data obtained from the international water association (IWA) Benchmark Simulation Model No. 2 (BSM2). The organic load to the AD in BSM2 was modified to simulate the behavior of an anaerobic co-digestion process. The prediction and generalization performances of the different models were also compared. This comparison showed that the GP soft sensor is more precise than the other soft sensors. In addition, the model robustness was assessed to determine the performance of each model under different process states. It is also shown that, in addition to their robustness, GP soft sensors are easy to implement and provide useful insights into the process by providing explicit equations.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND FIRST DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATED REAL‐TIME SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR CONSTRUCTION SITES

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Giretti ◽  
Alessandro Carbonari ◽  
Berardo Naticchia ◽  
Mario De Grassi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Ultra Wide Band ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Ongoing Research

This paper reports a feasibility study which addressed the development of a new, advanced system mainly devoted to automatic real‐time health and safety management on construction sites. The preliminary analyses and experiments described in this paper concern two of the most important functionalities which must be included in the system's final release. The first functionality consists in real‐time position‐tracking of workers involved on construction sites and the second ‐ in a software tool for the prevention of non‐authorized access to dangerous zones. This research step is part of a vaster, ongoing research project, addressing the development of a new generation of advanced construction management systems which allow real‐time monitoring and coordination of tasks, automatic health and safety management, on‐site delivery of technical information and the capture of “as‐built” documentation. This paper focuses mainly on the development of a reliable methodology for real‐time monitoring of the position of both workers and equipment in outdoor construction sites by applying Ultra Wide Band (UWB) based technologies. This positioning system was then interfaced with a software tool which performs virtual fencing of pre‐selected, dangerous areas. Guidelines for the design of the receivers’ topology will be addressed and the results of measurements recorded on a typical medium‐sized block of flats, during different phases of the construction progress will be summed up. Finally, the preliminary experimental results obtained by the virtual fencing application tool will be presented and used to plan future research objectives. Santrauka Straipsnyje aptartos naujos automatinės darbo ir saugos valdymo sistemos statybos aikštelėje kūrimo galimybės. Aprašytos preliminarios analizės ir eksperimentai – du pagrindiniai veiksniai, kurie turi būti įtraukti į galutinį sistemos variantą. Pirmasis veiksnys susijęs su statybos aikštelės darbininkų padėties realiu laiku nustatymu. Kompiuterine programa ribojamas jų patekimas į pavojingas neleistinas zonas. Šie tyrimai yra didelio besitęsiančio projekto dalis. Projektas susijęs su naujos kartos statybos valdymo sistemos kūrimu. Sistema leis kontroliuoti statybos eigą realiu laiku, užtikrinti automatinį darbų saugos valdymą, techninės informacijos ir dokumentacijos gavimą. Straipsnyje pagrindinis dėmesys sukoncentruotas į patikimos metodikos kūrimą. Taikant šią metodiką ir ultraplačiajuosčio bevielio ryšio (angl. Ultra Wide Band (UWB)) technologiją, galima bus nustatyti darbininkų ir įrangos padėtį atvirose statybos aikštelėse realiu laiku. Ši nustatymo sistema per grafinę terpę yra sujungta su programine įranga, kuri sukuria virtualų aptvarą iš anksto nurodytoms pavojingoms zonoms. Pateiktos imtuvo topologijos projektavimo rekomendacijos. Įvertinti tipinių vidutinio dydžio butų blokų užfiksuotų matavimų rezultatai skirtingais statybos etapais. Pateikti preliminarūs eksperimentiniai rezultatai, gauti įvedus virtualaus aptvėrimo koncepciją. Šie rezultatai bus panaudoti planuojant būsimų tyrimų tikslus.

scholarly journals Remote monitoring of operational parameters for the cane honey production process

Lámpsakos ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 3991
Author(s):  
Víctor Rodrigo Cerda Mejía ◽  
Octavio Edelberto Guijarro Rubio ◽  
Isnel Benítez Cortés ◽  
Galo Leonardo Cerda Mejía ◽  
Estela Guardado Yordi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Ph Sensor ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Honey Production

A local data acquisition, processing and storage system were implemented by means of an open source micro-controlled development card. To continuously measure the variables of the cane honey production process, it was performed using five temperature sensors, pH sensor and a level sensor. Each sensor was associated with a component set with its respective upper and lower reference values, during the processing of a batch of product. The main objective was to determine the effectiveness of using sensors and wireless communication technology to monitor operational parameters, in real time. In general, the recorded temperature, pH and level data obtained from sensors corresponded closely to the changes that occurred in the process, and the wireless communication nodes developed successfully measured and monitored the temperature, pH and level readings in real time. The study also found that the temperature, pH and level readings obtained by the sensors began to standardize more closely within the upper and lower limits. Furthermore, operational parameters could be reasonably predicted by applying a statistical model to measure temperature, pH and level. The present study also found that the operational parameters analyzed showed variability with its consequent effect on the quality of the final product. The findings of this study should serve as the first step towards any future research and development that may take place in the field of agro-industrial process design

scholarly journals MONITORING OF PRODUCTION PROCESSES OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (37) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
O. Fomin
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Technology ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Production Automation

The publication proposes a monitoring technology for production automation based on automatic identification technologies, which will allow real-time monitoring of the progress of technological processes, ensure interdepartmental logistics, as well as perform access and identification security functions in production. On the example of one of the carriage depots, typical shortcomings of the organization of the production process, accounting and identification of parts of a railway transport enterprise are considered. The ways and stages of implementation of automatic identification technologies are proposed, in particular, it is indicated that it is advisable to introduce a system for monitoring production processes of railway transport enterprises in stages, starting with bar-coding technologies. The process of monitoring railway transport enterprises, the interaction of subjects and objects of the production process is disclosed in detail.

scholarly journals The Potential Benefits Of Real-Time Monitoring Of Combined Sewer Overflows In The City Of Toronto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romak Kordnejad
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Sewer Overflows ◽  
The City

This thesis focuses on the current state of combined sewer overflows (CSO) in the City of Toronto and the potential benefits of utilizing real-time monitoring system to explore options for optimizing current models and reducing future overflows. CSOs containing sanitary and stormwater sewage over spill during wet weather conditions, contaminating bodies of water. Antiquated sewer systems built to support population at the time, no longer have the required capacity to support exponential growth causing environmental damage. Key research findings include exploring the current CSO state in the City of Toronto, remediation plans executed by the City in hopes to reduce CSO and finally concluding the City’s progress to date. Extensive research on CSOs in North American cities has shown initiative towards reducing CSOs while using real-time monitoring systems which can be utilized in the City of Toronto. Future research is required to find effective and efficient ways of implementing such systems.

scholarly journals Advanced techniques using the plant as indicator of irrigation management

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara dos Santos Esteves ◽  
Lidiane de Lima Lousada ◽  
Elias Fernandes de Sousa ◽  
Eliemar Campostrini
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Continuous Measures

The methodologies which are considered the most promising for irrigation management are those based on the analysis of the water status of the plants themselves. This justifies the study and improvement of indicators based on automatic and continuous measures to enable real-time monitoring data, as indices from sap flow, dendrometry and leaf turgor pressure techniques. The aim of this paper is to analyze such methodologies in order to demonstrate their principles, advantages and challenges. In conclusion, the methodologies analyzed still have many technological advances and challenges before being presented to the final user. The future research should work these tools for elaboration of technical indexes that allow their simplification, on the instrumental point of view, and the interpretation of their results.

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