scholarly journals Anti-Cancer Effect of Panax Ginseng and Its Metabolites: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1344
Author(s):  
Sejin Kim ◽  
Nayeon Kim ◽  
JaYeon Jeong ◽  
Soojin Lee ◽  
Woojin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer

Cancer incidence and mortality rate are growing worldwide. The effectiveness of cancer therapy depends on the degree of cancer development. Anticancer prevention, screening tests, detection of precancerous conditions or cancers at an early stage of development help to prevent the development of cancer, and in the event of cancer development, they provide the best chance for a full recovery. However, in most cases of advanced cancer, there is no method that can fully cure this disease. Recently, natural products have gained more attention in cancer therapy. Panax ginseng (PG), one of the most popular natural products, is reported to have a wide range of pharmacological activities in cancer. Therefore, the anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of PG and its metabolites (compound K, Ginsenoside Rh1, Rh2, Rh3 and F1) in five major cancers (lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer and stomach cancer) are reviewed in this study. It is confirmed that PG and its metabolites regulated apoptosis, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, cell cycle arrest and multidrug resistance (MDR) in vitro and in vivo cancer models. In particular, ginsenoside Rh2 showed anticancer effects in all five major cancers. This review could improve the understanding of anticancer mechanisms of PG and its metabolites against major five cancers. Further clinical studies are needed for development anti-cancer drugs using PG and its metabolites.

scholarly journals Targeting microRNAs with thymoquinone: a new approach for cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Homayoonfal ◽  
Zatollah Asemi ◽  
Bahman Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cancer Agent

AbstractCancer is a global disease involving transformation of normal cells into tumor types via numerous mechanisms, with mortality among all generations, in spite of the breakthroughs in chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or surgery for cancer treatment. Since one in six deaths is due to cancer, it is one of the overriding priorities of world health. Recently, bioactive natural compounds have been widely recognized due to their therapeutic effects for treatment of various chronic disorders, notably cancer. Thymoquinone (TQ), the most valuable constituent of black cumin seeds, has shown anti-cancer characteristics in a wide range of animal models. The revolutionary findings have revealed TQ’s ability to regulate microRNA (miRNA) expression, offering a promising approach for cancer therapy. MiRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that modulate gene expression by means of variation in features of mRNA. MiRNAs manage several biological processes including gene expression and cellular signaling pathways. Accordingly, miRNAs can be considered as hallmarks for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. The purpose of this study was to review the various molecular mechanisms by which TQ exerts its potential as an anti-cancer agent through modulating miRNAs.

Fastidious Anatomization of Biota Procured Compounds on Cancer Drug Discovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-363
Author(s):  
Anand Thirupathi ◽  
Chandra M. Shanmugavadivelu ◽  
Sampathkumar Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Drug Approval ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Natural products are the rootstock for identifying new drugs since ancient times. In comparison with synthetic drugs, they have abounding beneficial effects in bestowing protection against many diseases, including cancer. Cancer has been observed as a major threat in recent decades, and its prevalence is expected to increase over the next decades. Also, current treatment methods in cancer therapy such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy cause severe adverse side effects among the cancer population. Therefore, it is exigent to find a remedy without any side effects. Methods: In recent years, research has focused on obtaining naturally derived products to encounter this complication. The current pace of investigations, such as gene identification and advancement in combinatorial chemistry, leads to the aberrant access to a wide range of new synthetic drugs. In fact, natural products act as templates in structure predictions and synthesis of new compounds with enhanced biological activities. Results: Recent developments in genomics have established the importance of polymorphism, which implies that patients require different drugs for their treatment. This demands the discovery of a large number of drugs, but limited sources restrict the pharmaceutical industry to overcome these major obstacles. The use of natural products and their semisynthetic and synthetic analogues could alleviate these problems. However, the lack of standardization in terms of developing methods for evaluating the chemical composition, efficacy, isolation and international approval is still a major limitation in this field. In the past few years, several drug-approval authorities, including the FDA and WHO have allowed using these naturally derived compounds in humans. Conclusion: In this review, we described the use of some natural products from plant and marine sources in cancer treatment and shed some light on semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds derived from natural sources used in cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Angiopoietin-like Proteins in Colorectal Cancer—A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8439
Author(s):  
Monika Zajkowska ◽  
Barbara Mroczko
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Histological Type ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Extensive Search ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Anti Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of malignancy, with an annual incidence of about 10% of the total number of new cases. Despite well-developed screening tests, mortality from this type of cancer remains unchanged. Therefore, it is important to search for more accurate markers that are useful in the detection of colorectal cancer (especially in its early stages), and treatment. Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) are a family of eight proteins with a diversity of applications, including pro- and anti-angiogenic properties. Consequently, we performed an extensive search of the literature, pertaining to our investigation, via the MEDLINE/PubMed database. Based on the available literature, we summarize that some of those proteins are characterized by increased or decreased concentrations during the course of CRC. We can also assume that some ANGPTLs can inhibit the development of CRC, while others induce its progress. Moreover, some factors are dependent on the stage or histological type of the tumor, the presence of hypoxia, or metastases. Most importantly, some ANGPTLs can be useful in anti-cancer therapy. Therefore, further studies on ANGPTLs as potential markers of CRC should be continued.

scholarly journals Recombinant Viruses for Cancer Therapy

Biomedicines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Chulpanova ◽  
Valeriya Solovyeva ◽  
Kristina Kitaeva ◽  
Stephen Dunham ◽  
Svetlana Khaiboullina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Recombinant Viruses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Specific Antigens

Recombinant viruses are novel therapeutic agents that can be utilized for treatment of various diseases, including cancers. Recombinant viruses can be engineered to express foreign transgenes and have a broad tropism allowing gene expression in a wide range of host cells. They can be selected or designed for specific therapeutic goals; for example, recombinant viruses could be used to stimulate host immune response against tumor-specific antigens and therefore overcome the ability of the tumor to evade the host’s immune surveillance. Alternatively, recombinant viruses could express immunomodulatory genes which stimulate an anti-cancer immune response. Oncolytic viruses can replicate specifically in tumor cells and induce toxic effects leading to cell lysis and apoptosis. However, each of these approaches face certain difficulties that must be resolved to achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy. In this review we discuss actively developing approaches for cancer therapy based on recombinant viruses, problems that need to be overcome, and possible prospects for further development of recombinant virus based therapy.

Recent Advances in Gelatin-Based Nanomedicine for Targeted Delivery of Anti-Cancer Drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Raza ◽  
Liu Siyu ◽  
Hajra Zafar ◽  
Zul Kamal ◽  
Bo Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Gelatin Nanoparticles ◽  
Good Surface ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cancer Nanomedicine

: Nanoparticles based on natural polymers are utilized for the development of a wide range of drug delivery systems (DDS) in the current era. Gelatin-based nanoparticles, for example, are a remarkable cancer therapy with high efficacy and specificity. This paper reviews the recent advancements in gelatin-based nanomedicine for use in cancer therapeutics. Due to the characteristics features of gelatin, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, stability, and good surface properties, these nanoparticles provide high therapeutic potency in cancer nanomedicine. The surface of gelatin can be modified in a number of ways using various ligands to explore the platform for the development of a more novel DDS. Various methods are available for the preparation of gelatin nanomedicine discussed in this review. In addition, various cross-linkers to stabilized nanocarriers and stimuli base gelatin nanoparticles are reviewed. Furthermore, recent advances and research in gelatin-based nanomedicine are discussed. Also, some drawbacks and challenges are evaluated. In general, this paper paves the pathway to identify the details about the gelatin-based DDS for cancer therapy.

Gene of the month: PIK3CA

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Lai ◽  
M C Killingsworth ◽  
C S Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Attractive Therapeutic Target ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

PIK3CA encodes the p110α catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) which through its role in the PI3K/Akt pathway is important for the regulation of important cellular functions such as proliferation, metabolism and protein synthesis, angiogenesis and apoptosis. Mutations in PIK3CA are known to be involved in a wide range of human cancers and mutant PIK3CA is thought to act as an oncogene. The specific PIK3CA inhibitor, NVP-BYL719, has displayed promising results in cancer therapy and is currently under clinical trials. Furthermore, PI3K regulates autophagy, a cellular process that recycles proteins and organelles through lysosomal degradation and has recently been recognised as an attractive therapeutic target due to its pro- and anti-cancer properties. Several studies have attempted to investigate the effects of combining the inhibition of both PI3K and autophagy in cancer therapy, and an in vivo model has demonstrated that the combined use of a concomitant PI3K and autophagy inhibitor induced apoptosis in glioma cells.

Marine Natural Products as a Promising Source of Therapeutic Compounds to Target Cancer Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Vizetto-Duarte ◽  
Pedro Castelo Branco ◽  
Luísa Custódio
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Marine Natural Products ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Promising Source

: Cancer is the world’s second leading cause of death after heart diseases, and involves abnormal cell growth at a primary site and the potential to spread to other parts of the body. Tumors are highly heterogeneous and consist of subgroups of cells with distinct characteristics. Of these, the cancer stem cells (CSC) niche plays a crucial role in driving the spread of the tumor and are thought to provide treatment resistance. CSC is a rare special population of cancer cells exhibiting high tumorigenic properties together with self-renewal and differentiation capability. CSC is not only linked with high tumor-initiating activity, but is also implicated in chemotherapeutic re-sistance, metastasis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and recurrence. Thereafter, novel ther-apeutic strategies targeting CSC are in need in order to improve long-term clinical outcome. The literature supports the evidence that marine natural compounds can exhibit antioxidant, antimitot-ic, anti-inflammatory, anti-biotic as well as anticancer activity. In this review, we will provide an insight into the relevance of selected marine natural products as a source of bioactive compounds with anti-cancer properties, and to target CSC, which may benefit the development of novel anti-cancer therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals BARD1 and Breast Cancer: the Possibility of Creating Screening Tests and New Preventive and Therapeutic Pathways for Predisposed Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Śniadecki ◽  
Michał Brzeziński ◽  
Katarzyna Darecka ◽  
Dagmara Klasa-Mazurkiewicz ◽  
Patryk Poniewierza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Breast Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Estrogen Sensitivity

Current oncological developments are based on improved understanding of genetics, and especially the discovery of genes whose alterations affect cell functions with consequences for the whole body. Our work is focused on the most important of these genes, the BARD1 and its oncogenic role in breast cancer. Most importantly, the study points to new avenues in the treatment and prevention of the most frequent female cancer based on BARD1 research. The BARD1 and BRCA1 proteins have similar structures and functions, and they combine to form the new molecule BARD1-BRCA1 heterodimer. Through ubiquitination, this heterodimer has significant effects on individual proteins, enabling, among others, the destruction of damaged DNA fragments. Ubiquitination, as well as stabilizing chromatin, or regulating the number of centrosomes, confirms the protective cooperation of BARD1 and BRCA1 in the stabilization of the genome. The overexpression of the oncogenic isoforms BARD1β and BARD1δ permit cancer development. The introduction of routine tests, for instance, to identify the presence of the BARD1β isoform, would make it possible to detect patients at high risk of developing cancer. On the other hand, introducing BARD1δ isoform blocking therapy, which would reduce estrogen sensitivity, may be a new line of cancer therapy with potential to modulate responses to existing treatments. It is possible that the BARD 1 gene offers new hope for improving breast cancer therapy.

In vitro anti-cancer activity and structure–activity relationships of natural products isolated from fruits of Panax ginseng

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yuqing Zhao ◽  
Elizabeth R. Rayburn ◽  
Donald L. Hill ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Structure Activity Relationships ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cancer Activity

Bacteriocins: New potential therapeutic candidates in cancer therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadis Fathizadeh ◽  
Mahmood Saffari ◽  
Davoud Esmaeili ◽  
Rezvan Moniri ◽  
Hossein Samadi Kafil
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Costs Of Treatment

Cancer is one of the most important disorders which is associated with high mortality and high costs of treatment for patients. Despite several efforts, finding, designing and developing, new therapeutic platforms in treatment of cancer patients are still required. Utilization of microorganisms particularly bacteria has emerged as new therapeutic approaches in the treatment of various cancers. Increasing data indicated that bacteria could be used in the production of a wide range of anti-cancer agents including bacteriocins, antibiotics, peptides, enzymes, and toxins. Among these anti-cancer agents, bacteriocins have attractive properties which make them as powerful anti-cancer drugs. Multiple lines evidence indicated that several bacteriocins (i.e. colcins, nisins, pediocins, pyocins, and bovocins) via activation/inhibition different cellular and molecular signaling pathways are able to suppress tumor growth in various stages. Hence, identification and using various bacteriocins could lead to improve and introduce them to clinical practices. Here, we summarized various bacteriocins which could be employed as anti-cancer agents in the treatment of many cancers.

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