scholarly journals Energy Optimization and Effective Control of Reactive Distillation Process for the Production of High Purity Biodiesel

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1340
Author(s):  
Syed Sadiq Ali ◽  
Agus Arsad ◽  
SK Safdar Hossain ◽  
Avijit Basu ◽  
Mohammad Asif
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Reactive Distillation ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Composition Control ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
High Product Yield ◽  
Heat Exchange Network ◽  
Exchange Network

Biodiesel is a promising renewable energy option that significantly reduces the emission of greenhouse gases and other toxic byproducts. However, a major challenge in the industrial scale production of biodiesel is the desired product purity. To this end, reactive distillation (RD) processes, which involve simultaneous removal of the byproduct during the transesterification reaction, can drive the equilibrium towards high product yield. In the present study, we first optimized the heat exchange network (HEN) for a high purity RD process leading to a 34% reduction in the overall energy consumption. Further, a robust control scheme is proposed to mitigate any feed disturbance in the process that may compromise the product purity. Three rigorous case studies are performed to investigate the effect of composition control in the cascade with the temperature control of the product composition. The cascade control scheme effectively countered the disturbances and maintained the fatty acid mono-alkyl ester (FAME) purity.

scholarly journals Green Solvents as an Alternative to DMF in ZIF-90 Synthesis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1573
Author(s):  
Aljaž Škrjanc ◽  
Ciara Byrne ◽  
Nataša Zabukovec Logar
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Solvent Exchange ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
High Product Yield

The use of green solvents as an alternative to dimethylformamide (DMF) in the synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) was investigated. Two biobased aprotic dipolar solvents CyreneTM and γ-valerolactone (GVL) proved to successfully replace DMF in the synthesis at room temperature with a high product yield. While the CyreneTM—based product shows reduced porosity after activation, the use of GVL resulted in materials with preserved crystallinity and porosity after activation, without prior solvent exchange and a short treatment at 200 °C. The primary particles of 30 nm to 60 nm in all products further form agglomerates of different size and interparticle mesoporosity, depending on the type and molar ratios of solvents used.

scholarly journals EN Energy efficiency projects deployment for Ukrainian industry. Efficiency assessment method for energy exchange and the ratio of temperature change in heat exchangers

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
O. Yakovleva ◽  
O. Ostapenko ◽  
V. Trandafilov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Heat Exchange Network ◽  
Exchange Network

Energy efficiency projects deployment for Ukraine is one of the challenging task today. Ukrainian in­dustry faces very complex environment for project development as well as its deployment within organization nowadays. UA Policy struggle to keep place on the European market to have possibility not only be a part of global policy but to go forward and to bring benefits for macro and micro economy. Fresh breath by integration energy systems within project management into business model of organization let to move closer to hold under control energy efficiency projects realization and avoid financial risks. Environmental policy and energy policy play crucial role for Ukrainian transformation into European pla­yer. Presented proactive plan provides possibilities to deliver the intended economic and environmental benefits of the Ukrainian energy labelling and ecological design directives. These directives are in use or are under development process by increasing the rates of compliance with their energy efficiency requirements. To start from the energy efficiency development process investigation in order to have possibilities to make corrections on the stage of modeling and design can bring benefits and reduce costs for end users. To evaluate the efficiency of heat exchangers, there are over 40 different private integral energy efficiency criteria. Such a number makes the estimation of heat exchangers not always objective and sufficiently definite, which does not allow to algorithmize the task of determining the efficiency of heat exchangers. On the foundation of the system element representation for the heat exchange network, the concepts of energy potential and energy efficiency of energy exchange are proposed. The obtained equations allow us to determine the efficiency of energy exchange not only for an element of the heat exchange network, but also for a complex system as a whole with a minimum of information about the system

Decoupling control of high-purity heat integrated distillation column process via active disturbance rejection control and nonlinear wave theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2221-2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Cheng ◽  
Zengqiang Chen ◽  
Mingwei Sun ◽  
Qinglin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Wave ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Disturbance Rejection ◽  
Distillation Column ◽  
Decoupling Control ◽  
Active Disturbance Rejection Control ◽  
Active Disturbance Rejection ◽  
Disturbance Rejection Control ◽  
Control Scheme

Although the heat integrated distillation is an energy-efficient and environment-friendly separation technology, it has not been commercialized. One of the reasons is that the nonlinear dynamics and the interactions between various control loops have limited the performance of the traditional control strategy. To achieve a high-purity product concentration, a dynamic decoupling control strategy based on active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is proposed. The effects of interactions, uncertainties and external disturbances can be estimated and rejected by using extended state observer. Considering the constraints on manipulated variables, an optimized ADRC is designed for the first-order system. Moreover, a concentration observer based on a nonlinear wave model is formulated to reduce the number of sensors. In the simulation research, the related internal model control (IMC), multi-loop ADRC and model predictive control (MPC) are compared with the proposed control scheme. The simulation results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed control scheme on tight control, decoupling performance and disturbance rejection for the high-purity heat integrated distillation column.

scholarly journals Catalyst-Free Cascade Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Chromenes in Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 2532-2536
Author(s):  
Subrahmanya Ishwar Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Intramolecular Cyclization ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Catalyst Free ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Simple Filtration ◽  
High Product Yield ◽  
Filtration Technique

An expeditious and environmental friendly, general protocol has been developed for the synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-chromenes via cascade Knoevenagel-Michael-intramolecular cyclization in water. Pure solid products were obtained by simple filtration technique. The aqueous catalyst-free reactions lead to high product yield at room temperature.

scholarly journals Synchronization of Complex Networks with Time-Varying Delayed Dynamical Nodes via Pinning Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Shuguo Wang ◽  
Hongxing Yao ◽  
Qiuxiang Bian
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Complex Networks ◽  
Pinning Control ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Time Varying Delay ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Adaptive Coupling ◽  
Coupling Strengths ◽  
Varying Delay

This paper investigates the pinning synchronization of nonlinearly coupled complex networks with time-varying coupling delay and time-varying delay in dynamical nodes. Some simple and useful criteria are derived by constructing an effective control scheme and adjusting automatically the adaptive coupling strengths. To validate the proposed method, numerical simulation examples are provided to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

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