scholarly journals UPLC-QToF Nanospray MS and NMR Analysis of Ficus sycomorus Stem Bark and Its Effects on Rabbit

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1201
Author(s):  
Ahmed Dawod ◽  
Said I. Fathalla ◽  
Ahmed Elkhatam ◽  
Noha Osman ◽  
Nagwa Sheraiba ◽  
...  

In the present study, a phytochemical of Ficus sycomorus (Moraceae family) was screened, and the effect of this extract on rabbit performance indices, immunity, and carcass quality measures was determined. Ficus sycomorus samples were collected, air-dried, and extracted with 70% methanol to prepare a solution of 100 mg/mL concentration. The extract was subjected to high-resolution mass spectrometric measurements via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-nanospray mass spectrometry (UPLC-QToF-MS) and 1H NMR analysis. Forty-eight male rabbits, one-month-old, belonging to the Blanc de Bouscat and New Zealand White breeds were selected and distributed equally in a 2 × 3 factorial trial. The rabbits within each breed received F. sycomorus extract at the dose of 0, 100, and 200 mg/kg for 60 days. Blood samples were collected and serum obtained for the detection of liver enzymes, serum lipids, and proteins. The results of UPLC-QToF-MS and molecular networking analysis revealed the presence of procyanidin B2, procyanidin A1, genistein, eriodyctiol, catechin, luteolin, biochanin A, and chlorogenic acid that might exhibit various pharmaceutical activities. However, the F. sycomorus extract reduced rabbit performance indices and carcass quality measures. In addition, this extract significantly depressed the low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides, which may indicate the antidyslipidemia effect of this extract on rabbits.

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Efosa Godwin Ewere ◽  
Ngozi Paulinus Okolie ◽  
Erhunmwunsee Dalton Avan ◽  
Patience Edet Umoh

Abstract Background Exposure to arsenic orchestrates a myriad of noxious health effects, including cancer. Different parts of Irvingia gabonensis are used as herbal remedies in traditional medicine. In this study, the comparative effects of the ethanol leaf (ELEIG) and stem bark extracts (ESEIG) of Irvingia gabonensis on sodium arsenite (SA)-induced lipid profile disturbances in Wistar rats were investigated. Methods Fifty five Wistar rats weighing between 100 g and 179 g were distributed into eleven groups (n=5). Group 1 (control) received feed and water ad libitum. Group 2 received SA at a dose of 4.1 mg/kg body weight (kgbw) for 14 days. Groups 3–11 were treated with the extracts with or without SA. Treatment was done by oral intubation for 14 days. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TAG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c), total lipids (TL) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were used to determine the lipid profile effects of the extracts. Results Exposure to SA caused significant (p ˂ 0.05) increases in all assayed parameters, relative to control. Post-treatment and simultaneous treatment with ELEIG and ESEIG mitigated the effects of SA. In addition, ELEIG alone at various doses produced results comparable with control values. However, ESEIG alone caused significant (p ˂ 0.05) increases in all assayed parameters, relative to control. Conclusion These results show that ELEIG and ESEIG ameliorate SA-induced lipid profile disturbances in Wistar rats. However, long-term administration of ESEIG alone may be discouraged.


1990 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
S. Bradamante ◽  
L. Barenghi ◽  
G. Giudici ◽  
C. Vergani

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-110
Author(s):  
J. S. Ekpo

The concern of people about nutritional quality and healthy eating make them to reduce meat consumption due to the fear of hypercholesterolemia. Against this background, there is need to incorporate cholesterol-reducing feed stuff into diets of meat producing animals. This study was therefore carried out to evaluate the performance as well as carcass quality of rabbits fed diets containing processed Mucuna seed meal (MSM) for 84 days. A total of 45 rabbit bucks (New Zealand White) of six weeks old were divided into three treatment groups of 15 rabbits each. Each treatment group was replicated thrice with five rabbits per replicate. The rabbit groups were randomly assigned to three treatment diets in a completely randomized design: The three experimental diets were formulated such that Mucuna pruriens seed (processed by soaking and boiling) replaced maize at 0, 20 and 30% as T1, T2 and T3 respectively. T1 served as the control without Mucuna Pruriens. Data were collected on feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass traits and meat lipid profile viz: total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL). Result obtained revealed that rabbits on mucuna-based diets (T2 and T3) had significant (P<0.05) increase in feed intake and weight gain than rabbits on diet T1 (control). Similarly, carcass characteristics of the animals fed mucuna-based diets showed significant (P<0.05) increase in dressed weight, dressing percentage, cut parts (fore leg, hind leg, loin, thoracic cage) except organ (liver, kidney. heart, lungs) weights which were comparable to rabbits fed control diet. Significant (P<0.05) improvement in meat quality in terms of increase in HDL, protein, muscle, meat to bone ratio and reduction in TC, TG, LDL, VLDL and fat were obtained for the rabbit fed the mucuna-based diets. Economy of production indicated that cost of feed consumed and cost per weight gain reduced for rabbits fed MSM compared to those fed control diet. The results of the trial have shown that processed MSM can be used to substitute maize in diet up to 30% for improved performance, carcass traits and meat quality of rabbit bucks.     Les préoccupations des gens au sujet de la qualité nutritionnelle et d'une alimentation saine les font réduire la consommation de viande en raison de la crainte de l'hypercholestérolémie. Dans ce contexte, il est nécessaire d'incorporer des aliments pour animaux réducteurs de cholestérol dans les régimes alimentaires des animaux producteurs de viande. Cette étude a donc été réalisée pour évaluer la performance ainsi que la qualité de carcasse des lapins nourris à des régimes contenant des farines de graines de Mucuna transformées (le 'MSM') pendant 84 jours. Un total de 45 mâles de lapin (New Zealand White) de six semaines ont été divisés en trois groupes de traitement de 15 lapins chacun. Chaque groupe de traitement a été répliqué trois fois avec cinq lapins par réplique. Les groupes de lapins ont été assignés au hasard à trois régimes de traitement dans une conception complètement randomisée : Les trois régimes expérimentaux ont été formulés de telle sorte que les graines pruriens de Mucuna (traitées par trempage et ébullition) ont remplacé le maïs à 0, 20 et 30% comme T1, T2 et T3 respectivement. T1 a servi de contrôle sans Mucuna Pruriens. Des données ont été recueillies sur la consommation d'aliments pour animaux, le gain de poids, le rapport de conversion des aliments pour animaux, les traits de carcasse et le profil lipidique de la viande viz : cholestérol total (le 'TC'), triglycéride (le 'TG'), lipoprotéine de basse densité (le 'LDL'), lipoprotéine de très faible densité (le 'VLDL') et lipoprotéine de haute densité (le 'HDL'). Le résultat obtenu a révélé que les lapins qui suivreaient un régime à base de mucuna (T2 et T3) avaient une augmentation significative (P<0.05) de la consommation d'aliments pour animaux et du gain de poids que les lapins au régime T1 (contrôle). De même, les caractéristiques de carcasse des animaux nourris à base de mucuna ont montré une augmentation significative (P<0.05) du poids habillé, du pourcentage d'habillage, des parties coupées (jambe avant, patte arrière, longe, cage thoracique) à l'exception des poids des organes (foie, rein, cœur, poumons) comparables aux lapins nourris au régime de contrôle. Une amélioration significative (P<0.05) de la qualité de la viande en termes d'augmentation de la HDL, des protéines, des muscles, du rapport viande/os et de la réduction du TC, du TG, du LDL, du VLDL et de la graisse a été obtenue pour le lapin nourri aux régimes à base de mucuna. L'économie de production a indiqué que le coût des aliments consommés et le coût par gain de poids réduit pour les lapins nourris aux 'MSM' par rapport à ceux nourris régime de contrôle. Les résultats de l'essai ont montré que les 'MSM' transformés peuvent être utilisés pour remplacer le maïs dans l'alimentation jusqu'à 30 % par une meilleure performance, des caractéristiques de carcasse et la qualité de la viande des mâles lapins.


Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1941
Author(s):  
Andrea Anesi ◽  
Alessandro Di Di Minno ◽  
Ilenia Calcaterra ◽  
Viviana Cavalca ◽  
Maria Tripaldella ◽  
...  

Rationale: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is caused by mutations in genes involved in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) metabolism, including those for pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK-9). The effect of PCSK-9 inhibition on the plasma lipidome has been poorly explored. Objective: Using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry method, the plasma lipidome of FH subjects before and at different time intervals during treatment with the PCSK-9 inhibitor Evolocumab was explored. Methods and Results: In 25 FH subjects, heterozygotes or compound heterozygotes for different LDL receptor mutations, untargeted lipidomic revealed significant reductions in 26 lipid classes belonging to phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin (SM), ceramide (CER), cholesteryl ester (CE), triacylglycerol (TG) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Lipid changes were graded between baseline and 4- and 12-week treatment. At 12-week treatment, five polyunsaturated diacyl PC, accounting for 38.6 to 49.2% of total PC at baseline; two ether/vinyl ether forms; seven SM; five CER and glucosyl/galactosyl-ceramide (HEX-CER) were reduced, as was the unsaturation index of HEX-CER and lactosyl—CER (LAC-CER). Although non quantitative modifications were observed in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) during treatment with Evolocumab, shorter and more saturated fatty acyl chains were documented. Conclusions: Depletion of several phospholipid classes occurs in plasma of FH patients during treatment with the PCSK-9 inhibitor Evolocumab. The mechanism underlying these changes likely involves the de novo synthesis of SM and CER through the activation of the key enzyme sphingomyelin synthase by oxidized LDL and argues for a multifaceted system leading to vascular improvement in users of PCSK-9 inhibitors.


1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Barenghi ◽  
S. Bradamante ◽  
G. A. Giudici ◽  
C. Verganl

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azusa Yamazaki ◽  
Ryunosuke Ohkawa ◽  
Yuka Yamagata ◽  
Yuna Horiuchi ◽  
Shao-Jui Lai ◽  
...  

AbstractTriglyceride hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase (LPL), regulated by apolipoproteins C-II (apoC-II) and C-III (apoC-III), is essential for maintaining normal lipid homeostasis. During triglyceride lipolysis, the apoCs are known to be transferred from very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL), but the detailed mechanisms of this transfer remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the extent of the apoC transfers and their distribution in HDL subfractions, HDL2 and HDL3. Each HDL subfraction was incubated with VLDL or biotin-labeled VLDL, and apolipoproteins and lipids in the re-isolated HDL were quantified using western blotting and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In consequence, incubation with VLDL showed the increase of net amount of apoC-II and apoC-III in the HDL. HPLC analysis revealed that the biotin-labeled apolipoproteins, including apoCs and apolipoprotein E, were preferably transferred to the larger HDL3. No effect of cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor on the apoC transfers was observed. Quantification of apoCs levels in HDL2 and HDL3 from healthy subjects (n = 8) showed large individual differences between apoC-II and apoC-III levels. These results suggest that both apoC-II and apoC-III transfer disproportionately from VLDL to HDL2 and the larger HDL3, and these transfers might be involved in individual triglyceride metabolism.


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