scholarly journals Effect of Coated Cow Dung on Fluidization Reduction of Fine Iron Ore particles

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1175
Author(s):  
Qiyan Xu ◽  
Zhanghan Gu ◽  
Ziwei Wan ◽  
Mingzhu Huangfu ◽  
Qingmin Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Linear Velocity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Reduction Temperature ◽  
Reduction Time ◽  
Reducing Gas ◽  
Fine Iron ◽  
Ironmaking Process

The effects of reduction temperature, gas linear velocity, reduction pressure, reduction time, and reducing gas on the fluidized ironmaking process were studied for the fine iron Newman ore particles (0.154–0.178 mm) and the optimal experimental operating conditions were obtained. Under the optimal conditions, the effects of the coated cow dung on the reduction of fine iron ore particles were studied, and the inhibition mechanism of cow dung on particle adhesion in the fluidized ironmaking process was elucidated. The experimental results show that the optimal operating parameters are linear velocity of 0.6 m/s, reduction pressure of 0.2 MPa, reduction temperature of 1023 K, H2 as the reducing gas, and reduction time of 60 min. Cow dung can react with oxide in the ore powder to form a high melting point substance that can form a certain isolation layer, inhibit the growth of iron whiskers, and improve the fluidization.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of the Fluidization Reduction Characteristics of Iron Particles Coated with Carbon Powder under Pressurized Conditions

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiyan Xu ◽  
Zhiping Li ◽  
Zhanghan Gu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Powder Coating ◽  
Linear Velocity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Reduction Temperature ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Fine Iron

The purpose of this study was to comprehensively analyze the effects of the carbon powder coating mass fraction, pressure, reduction temperature, reduction time, gas linear velocity, and particle size on fluidization reduction. Brazilian fine iron ore particles were the experimental object, and reduction experiments were performed under added carbon powder coating and pressure conditions. A six-factor, three-level orthogonal experiment method was used to obtain the optimal operating conditions and investigate the adhesion and inhibition mechanisms of fine iron ore during reduction. The experimental results show that with the addition of a carbon powder coating, an appropriate increase in pressure can increase the metallization rate, improve the fluidization state, and reduce the sticking ratio. The optimal operating conditions for pure hydrogen to reduce Brazilian fine iron ore was found to be a reduction temperature of 923–1023 K, the linear velocity of the reducing gas was 0.6 m/s, the reducing time was 30–50 min, the reducing pressure was 0.25 MPa, the mass content of the coated carbon powder was 2–6% (accounting for the mass of the mineral powder), and the particle size of the carbon powder was 4–7 µm. Iron whiskers cohesion and agglomeration were the main reasons for the adhesion of ore powder particles. It was found that carbon powder coating can effectively change the morphology of metal iron, as metal iron generates spherical particles around the carbon powder to improve the fluidization state.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Additives on Reaction Characteristics of Fluorapatite During Coal-Based Reduction of Iron Ore

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsheng Sun ◽  
Wentao Zhou ◽  
Yuexin Han ◽  
Yanjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Reduction Degree ◽  
Reduction Temperature ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Reduction Time ◽  
Effect Mechanism

In the coal-based reduction of high phosphorus oolitic hematite, it is particularly important to study the mechanism of phosphorus regulation during the formation of iron metals for the efficient development and utilization of iron ore. In this study, the thermodynamics of the coal-based reduction process of fluorapatite in different mineral systems, effect mechanism of the reduction degree, kinetics, mineral composition, and morphology of structural evolution samples were systematically investigated using FactSage software, single factor analysis, the isothermal method, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the effect of the SiO2–Fe2O3–C system on reducing the initial reduction temperature of fluorapatite was stronger than that of the Al2O3–Fe2O3–C system. The effect mechanism of the reduction degree demonstrates that increasing the dosage of silica, iron oxide, carbon, reduction time, and reduction temperature could promote the reduction reaction of fluorapatite under certain conditions. Dynamics analysis shows that the best kinetic mechanism functions of the SiO2–Fe2O3–C system and the Al2O3–Fe2O3–C system were A1/3 = 1/3(1 − α)[−ln(1 − α)]−2 and A1/2 = 1/2(1 − α)[−ln(1 − α)]−1, respectively. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor of the reduction kinetics equation in the system containing silica were significantly lower than that in the system containing alumina, which explained that the catalytic effect of silica on the reduction of calcium fluorophosphate was far greater than that of alumina. XRD and SEM/EDS analysis indicate that the solid–solid reaction of alumina, silica, iron, and fluorapatite occurred during the reduction process, while calcium aluminate, calcium silicate, and calcium oxide were formed at the contact point. Among them, iron could absorb P2 gas so that it played a greater role in promoting the reduction of fluorapatite. Increasing the reduction temperature and prolonging the reduction time were beneficial to the reduction of fluorapatite.

Relationships between particle breakage characteristics and comminution response of fine iron ore concentrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 106818
Author(s):  
Túlio M. Campos ◽  
Gilvandro Bueno ◽  
Victor A. Rodriguez ◽  
Ann-Christin Böttcher ◽  
Arno Kwade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Particle Breakage ◽  
Fine Iron

scholarly journals Structure-property Relationship of Flavonoids as Potential Green Inhibitors for Oilfield Scales: A Mini-review

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Dominica Una ◽  
Dulu Appah ◽  
Joseph Amieibibama ◽  
William Iheanyi Eke ◽  
Onyewuchi Akaranta
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Well Performance ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
Green Scale Inhibitors ◽  
Good Scale

Scale deposits are a significant flow assurance issue in oil and gas operation with huge financial consequences. Not only does scaling drastically impair well performance, but it also has the potential to permanently destroy formation and equipment. Scale inhibitors are commonly used to prevent the accumulation of scales. A good scale inhibitor should be stable at the minimum effective inhibitor concentration under imposed operating conditions without interfering with or being affected by other chemical additives. However, most conventional scale inhibitors that possess these attributes, do not meet environmental restrictions which make them unfavorable for continuous application, prompting the industry to focus more on developing eco-friendly substitutes. This paper reviews the various types of scale inhibitors and general scale inhibition mechanism, summarizes scale concepts and ultimately, assesses the potential of flavonoids from natural plants as potential green scale inhibitors.

scholarly journals Pencairan Batubara Peringkat Rendah Papua Menggunakan Katalis Bijih Besi

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Harli Talla ◽  
Herman Tjolleng Taba
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Coal Liquefaction ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Low Rank Coal ◽  
Three Samples

Low rank coal utilization often adversely affects the equipment used. Distinct with coal liquefaction technology that prioritizes the use of low rank coal. This condition encourages this research, with the aim of observing the liquid potential of low rank Papuan coal by using iron ore catalysts. Papua low rank coal is liquefied on the autoclave 5 liter with iron ore catalyst and antrasen as solvent. Operating conditions consist of temperature of 400ºC and holding time of 60 minutes. The result of conversion of the three samples without catalyst is only in the range of 65.72-66,45 %, whereas the conversion with iron ore catalysts ranged from 88.63-89.94 % and oil yield between 62.11-63,34%. This result also shows the contribution of iron ore catalyst to increase the conversions that averaged 23.04 %. 

scholarly journals Kinetics of the Volume Shrinkage of a Magnetite/Carbon Composite Pellet during Solid-State Carbothermic Reduction

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Wang ◽  
Jingsong Wang ◽  
Qingguo Xue
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Apparent Activation Energy ◽  
Carbothermic Reduction ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Volume Shrinkage ◽  
Reduction Temperature ◽  
Iron Particles ◽  
Composite Pellet

The volume shrinkage evolution of a magnetite iron ore/carbon composite pellet during solid-state isothermal reduction was investigated. For the shrinkage, the apparent activation energy and mechanism were obtained based on the experimental results. It was found that the volume shrinkage highly depended on the reduction temperature and on dwell time. The volume shrinkage of the pellet increased with the increasing reduction temperature, and the rate of increment was fast during the first 20 min of reduction. The shrinkage of the composite pellet was mainly due to the weight loss of carbon and oxygen, the sintering growth of gangue oxides and metallic iron particles, and the partial melting of the gangue phase at high temperature. The shrinkage apparent activation energy was different depending on the time range. During the first 20 min, the shrinkage apparent activation energy was 51,313 J/mol. After the first 20 min, the apparent activation energy for the volume shrinkage was only 19,697 J/mol. The change of the reduction rate-controlling step and the automatic sintering and reconstruction of the metallic iron particles and gangue oxides in the later reduction stage were the main reasons for the aforementioned time-dependent phenomena. The present work could provide a unique scientific index for the illustration of iron ore/carbon composite pellet behavior during solid-state carbothermic reduction.

scholarly journals Recovery of Iron, Chromium, and Nickel from Pickling Sludge Using Smelting Reduction

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaohui Tang ◽  
Xueyong Ding ◽  
Xinlin Yan ◽  
Yue Dong ◽  
Chenghong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Process ◽  
Slag Basicity ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Iron Ores ◽  
Reduction Temperature ◽  
Smelting Reduction ◽  
Reduction Time ◽  
Temperature Reduction ◽  
Pickling Sludge ◽  
Iron Chromium

This paper reports the recoveries of iron, chromium, and nickel from pickling sludge using coal-based smelting reduction. The influences of slag basicity (CaO/SiO2, which is controlled by high phosphorus oolitic hematite iron ores), reduction temperature, reduction time, and the C/O mole ratio on the recoveries of Fe, Cr, and Ni are investigated systematically. The experimental results show that high recoveries of Fe (98.91%), Cr (98.46%), and Ni (99.44%) are produced from pickling sludge with optimized parameters for the smelting reduction process. The optimized parameters are a slag basicity of 1.5; a reduction temperature of 1550 °C, a reduction time of 90 min, and a C/O mole ratio of 2.0. These parameters can be used as technical support for the recycling of pickling sludge with pyrometallurgy.

scholarly journals A Review on Prevention of Sticking during Fluidized Bed Reduction of Fine Iron Ore

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Guo ◽  
Qipeng Bao ◽  
Jintao Gao ◽  
Qingshan Zhu ◽  
Zhancheng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Fine Iron
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