scholarly journals Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Fruit and Valorization of Industrialization By-Products

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1075
Author(s):  
Jorge E. Angulo-López ◽  
Adriana C. Flores-Gallegos ◽  
Cristian Torres-León ◽  
Karen N. Ramírez-Guzmán ◽  
Gloria A. Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
High Production ◽  
American Tropics ◽  
By Products ◽  
Β Carotene

Guava (Psidium guajava L.), is a fruit considered native to the American tropics. It is of great economic importance in many countries of the world, due to its high production and diversity of products derived from its fruit. It can be consumed fresh or processed. During the fruit’s processing, some residues are generated, such as seeds, rinds, and pulp, which is about 30% of the fresh fruit’s volume. Different studies have shown that it can be used in various industries, such as food, chemical, and pharmaceutical. By-products or processing residues have valuable components. Evidence indicates that it contains significant amounts of dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble), vitamins (A, B, C, β-carotene), essential oils, minerals, proteins (transferrin, ceruloplasmin, albumin), pectins, antioxidants (flavonoids, flavonols, condensed tannins) and volatile organic compounds; these elements can help in the prevention of chronic and degenerative diseases. P. guajava L. is considered a nutraceutical due to its compounds with beneficial properties on health and disease prevention. Therefore, this paper aims to review the physicochemical composition of the different by-products of the processing of guava and its reported uses.

scholarly journals Characterization and optimization of extracellular enzymes production by Aspergillus niger strains isolated from date by-products

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reda Bellaouchi ◽  
Houssam Abouloifa ◽  
Yahya Rokni ◽  
Amina Hasnaoui ◽  
Nabil Ghabbour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Expression ◽  
Specific Enzyme ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
High Production Rate ◽  
High Production ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
By Products

Abstract Background This work aims to study the optimal conditions of the fermentation culture medium used for the production of extracellular enzymes (amylase, cellulase, lipase, and protease) from previously isolated Aspergillus niger strains in date by-products. Results The five most powerful isolates selected based on the zone of degradation formed on Petri plates by the substrate were subjected to the quantitative evaluation of their enzymatic production. All five strains showed almost similar API-ZYM profiles, with minor variations observed at the level of some specific enzyme expression. The production of cellulase and amylase was depending on pH and incubation temperatures. ASP2 strain demonstrated the high production rate of amylase (at pH 5 and 30 °C) and cellulase (at pH 6 and 30 °C) for 96 h of incubation. Conclusion The A. niger showed the ability to produce several extracellular enzymes and can be used in the valorization of different agroindustrial residues.

scholarly journals Amyloidogenic Peptides in Human Neuro-Degenerative Diseases and in Microorganisms: A Sorrow Shared Is a Sorrow Halved?

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Endres
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Precursor Proteins ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Amyloidogenic Peptides ◽  
Toxic Peptides

The term “amyloid” refers to proteinaceous deposits of peptides that might be generated from larger precursor proteins e.g., by proteolysis. Common to these peptides is a stable cross-β dominated secondary structure which allows self-assembly, leading to insoluble oligomers and lastly to fibrils. These highly ordered protein aggregates have been, for a long time, mainly associated with human neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (Amyloid-β peptides). However, they also exert physiological functions such as in release of deposited hormones in human beings. In the light of the rediscovery of our microbial commensals as important companions in health and disease, the fact that microbes also possess amyloidogenic peptides is intriguing. Transmission of amyloids by iatrogenic means or by consumption of contaminated meat from diseased animals is a well-known fact. What if also our microbial commensals might drive human amyloidosis or suffer from our aggregated amyloids? Moreover, as the microbial amyloids are evolutionarily older, we might learn from these organisms how to cope with the sword of Damocles forged of endogenous, potentially toxic peptides. This review summarizes knowledge about the interplay between human amyloids involved in neurodegenerative diseases and microbial amyloids.

scholarly journals Applying mass spectrometry-based assays to explore gut microbial metabolism and associations with disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam M. Heaney
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Research Populations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractThe workings of the gut microbiome have gained increasing interest in recent years through the mounting evidence that the microbiota plays an influential role in human health and disease. A principal focus of this research seeks to further understand the production of metabolic by-products produced by bacteria resident in the gut, and the subsequent interaction of these metabolites on host physiology and pathophysiology of disease. Gut bacterial metabolites of interest are predominately formed via metabolic breakdown of dietary compounds including choline and ʟ-carnitine (trimethylamine N-oxide), amino acids (phenol- and indole-containing uremic toxins) and non-digestible dietary fibers (short-chain fatty acids). Investigations have been accelerated through the application of mass spectrometry (MS)-based assays to quantitatively assess the concentration of these metabolites in laboratory- and animal-based experiments, as well as for direct circulating measurements in clinical research populations. This review seeks to explore the impact of these metabolites on disease, as well as to introduce the application of MS for those less accustomed to its use as a clinical tool, highlighting pertinent research related to its use for measurements of gut bacteria-mediated metabolites to further understand their associations with disease.

scholarly journals Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Biofilms Plasticized with Polyols and Colored with Pigments Extracted from Tomato By-Products

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mitrea ◽  
Lavinia-Florina Călinoiu ◽  
Gheorghe-Adrian Martău ◽  
Katalin Szabo ◽  
Bernadette-Emoke Teleky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Physicochemical Features ◽  
Synthetic Colorants ◽  
Coloring Agents ◽  
Orange Color ◽  
By Products ◽  
Β Carotene

In the current work the physicochemical features of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) biofilms, enriched with eco-friendly polyols and with carotenoid-rich extracts, were investigated. The polyols, such as glycerol (Gly), 1,3-propanediol (PDO), and 2,3-butanediol (BDO) were used as plasticizers and the tomato-based pigments (TP) as coloring agents. The outcomes showed that β-carotene was the major carotenoid in the TP (1.605 mg β-carotene/100 DW), which imprinted the orange color to the biofilms. The flow behavior indicated that with the increase of shear rate the viscosity of biofilm solutions also increased until 50 s−1, reaching values at 37 °C of approximately 9 ± 0.5 mPa·s for PVOH, and for PVOH+TP, 14 ± 0.5 mPa·s in combination with Gly, PDO, and BDO. The weight, thickness, and density of samples increased with the addition of polyols and TP. Biofilms with TP had lower transparency values compared with control biofilms (without vegetal pigments). The presence of BDO, especially, but also of PDO and glycerol in biofilms created strong bonds within the PVOH matrix by increasing their mechanical resistance. The novelty of the present approach relies on the replacement of synthetic colorants with natural pigments derived from agro-industrial by-products, and the use of a combination of biodegradable polymers and polyols, as an integrated solution for packaging application in the bioplastic industry.

Analysis of biogenic volatile organic compounds in human health and disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 960-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Dummer ◽  
Malina Storer ◽  
Maureen Swanney ◽  
Murray McEwan ◽  
Amy Scott-Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Health And Disease

The versatile use of exhaled volatile organic compounds in human health and disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 027108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes W Boots ◽  
Joep J B N van Berkel ◽  
Jan W Dallinga ◽  
Agnieszka Smolinska ◽  
Emile F Wouters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Health And Disease

Outgassing behavior of spin-on-glass (SOG)

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1996-2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Romero ◽  
M. Khan ◽  
H. Fatemi ◽  
J. Turlo
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Lower Stress ◽  
Organic Species ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Device Processing ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Phosphorus Doped ◽  
By Products

The outgassing behavior and mechanical properties of polysiloxane based and phosphorus doped silicate based films as planarization candidates for device processing were evaluated using various analytical techniques. After curing between 370 °C and 450 °C, a high temperature rebake above 410 °C caused twice the weight loss in polysiloxane based films as in silicate films. This means that further outgassing, which could occur to a greater degree from polysiloxane than from silicate, could lead to a more probable blistering within the interlayer of the sandwiched spin-on-glass (SOG) during subsequent thermal processing. However, a well-cured polysiloxane would be a better candidate for planarization applications because the film was found to absorb less moisture and had lower stress than the silicate. Due to high silanol content and high porosity in silicate, it was found to absorb six times more water than polysiloxane. When water evolved, significantly higher stress levels were observed in silicate than in polysiloxane during thermal cycle tests. Infrared spectroscopic analysis revealed that polysiloxane contained Si–O–CH3 moiety, which rendered the film flexible, while silicate contained near-stoichiometric SiO2 bonds, which made for a more rigid and dense structure. This difference in the film structures translated to three times higher stress in silicate than in polysiloxane. During device processing, it was seen that silicate films were more prone to cracking than polysiloxane films. The components of the outgassing materials were either volatile organic species from residual solvents not completely burned out during cure, or carbon dioxide and water vapor as by-products from further cure. Gas chromatography indicated that both types of films contained volatile organic residues when cured at 370 °C. However, at 410 °C, volatile organic species were present in the polysiloxane but not in the silicate. A 30 to 60 min cure at temperature greater than 410 °C was then found to adequately cure polysiloxane. It was concluded that a “well cured” polysiloxane based spin-on-glass (SOG) would be more suitable than a silicate based SOG for planarization application.

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