scholarly journals An Analysis of Operation Conditions and Microbial Characteristics in Swine Wastewater Treatment Plants with Spontaneously Enriched Anammox Bacteria

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1010
Author(s):  
Miyoko Waki ◽  
Chikako Ishimoto ◽  
Ryu Suto ◽  
Takafumi Nagamine ◽  
Toshimi Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Treatment Facilities

The spontaneous enrichment of anammox bacteria has been reported in swine wastewater treatment facilities. However, their causative conditions and microbial characteristics, which this study aims to explain, are poorly understood. We discovered eight treatment facilities where the collected red biofilms exhibited high anammox activity levels at 57–843 µmol-N2/g-ignition loss (IL)/h and anammox DNA concentrations of 4.3 × 108–1.6 × 1012 copies/g-IL. The facilities used various wastewater treatment methods—six of them employed a multi-stage continuous reactor, whereas aeration tanks were continuously aerated at another combination of six facilities. Levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) in these tanks were fairly low at ≤1 mg/L. Pyrosequencing of the biofilms indicated the presence of 3–62.5% Planctomycetes, and the dominant anammox in each biofilm comprised three operational taxonomic units (OTUs) similar to Candidatus Jettenia asiatica, Ca. Brocadia fulgida, and Ca. B. caroliniensis. This suggested that some particular species of anammox bacteria naturally thrive when operating a swine wastewater treatment facility at low DO levels. The frequent enrichment of anammox biofilms at the sampled sites indicated that these treatment facilities were good seed sources of anammox; therefore, anammox treatment would be a viable method for the removal of nitrogen from swine wastewater.

scholarly journals Pilot-scale enrichment of anammox biofilm using secondary effluent as source water

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 894-905
Author(s):  
Runxian Tao ◽  
Xingcan Zheng ◽  
Xingfang Guo ◽  
Mai Li ◽  
Shifeng Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Simplified Procedure

Abstract Enough biomass of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria is essential for maintaining a stable partial nitrification/anammox (PN/A) wastewater treatment system. Present enrichment procedures are mainly labor-intensive and inconvenient for up-scaling. A simplified procedure was developed for enrichment of anammox biofilm by using secondary effluent as source water with no supplement of mineral medium and unstrict control of influent dissolved oxygen (DO). Anammox biofilm was successfully enriched in two pilot-scale reactors (XQ-cul and BT-cul) within 250 and 120 days, respectively. The specific anammox activity increased rapidly during the last 2 months in both reactors and achieved 2.54 g N2-N/(m2·d) in XQ-cul and 1.61 g N2-N/(m2·d) in BT-cul. Similar microbial diversity and community structure were obtained in the two reactors despite different secondary effluent being applied from two wastewater treatment plants. Anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria genera abundance reached up to 37.4% and 43.1% in XQ-cul and BT-cul biofilm, respectively. Candidatus Brocadia and Ca. Kuenenia dominated the enriched biofilm. A negligible adverse effect of residual organics and influent DO was observed by using secondary effluent as source water. This anammox biofilm enrichment procedure could facilitate the inoculation and/or bio-augmentation of large-scale mainstream PN/A reactors.

Biological odour control by diffusion into activated sludge basins

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Bowker
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Fine Bubble ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Odour Control ◽  
Odour Emissions ◽  
Air Streams

Diffusion of odourous air into activated sludge basins is an effective and economical approach for odour control at wastewater treatment plants. Over 30 facilities in North America practice this technique. Most of these applications are for dilute or moderate strength air streams with relatively low hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels. Unfortunately, the lack of data documenting the effectiveness of the process and concerns for blower corrosion have limited its acceptance as a method for controlling odour emissions. This paper presents a compilation and review of wastewater treatment facilities that are currently using activated sludge diffusion. Performance data are tabulated, and information on operation and maintenance of the blower/diffuser systems are summarized. New data are presented that compare the effectiveness of coarse vs. fine bubble diffusers for treatment of a high strength, high-H2S air stream from sludge holding tanks at Concord, NH. Designand performance information is presented on a dedicated odour control system installed at Phoenixville, Pennsylvania in 1996 that collects high-H2S air streams from an influent chamber and primary clarifiers and diffuses it into a mechanically-aerated activated sludge basin. A cost-effectiveness analysis is presented for a blower/diffuser system installed exclusively for odour control. Methods used to overcome initial operational problems are discussed.

scholarly journals Immobilization of Anammox biomass in sodium alginate

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Banach ◽  
Aneta Pudlo ◽  
Aleksandra Ziembińska-Buczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a process of ammonium and nitrite conversion into nitrogen gas. Nowadays, anammox is applied into many wastewater treatment plants worldwide. However, anammox bacteria are characterized by a slow growth rate, which may cause problems in maintaining the biomass in the system. The promising technique which can help to maintain the biomass in the reactor and effectively prevent loss of anammox bacteria from a system is immobilization. Selection and optimization of the appropriate immobilization technique for investigated biomass is crucial for conducting an effective process. One of the ways for bacteria immobilization is gel entrapment. The main goal of the study was to test sodium alginate as an immobilization medium for anammox biomass. In the present study procedure of immobilization in sodium alginate was optimised, then the mechanical and chemical properties of the obtained pellets were investigated. Series of batch experiments revealed that immobilized anammox biomass was able to remove ammonia and nitrite nitrogen effectively. The calculated specific anammox activity (SAA) for immobilized anammox biomass was 0.18 g N·gVSS-1·d-1, while for non-immobilized biomass was 0.36 g N·gVSS-1·d-1.

scholarly journals Estimating the costs of collective treatment of wastewater: the case of Walloon Region (Belgium)

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Dogot ◽  
Yanni Xanthoulis ◽  
Nathalie Fonder ◽  
Dimitri Xanthoulis
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Walloon Region

This paper contributes to a better understanding of costs for collective wastewater treatment in the Walloon Region (Belgium). Based on a large set of data, unit costs to population equivalents are modelled. Considering investment as well as exploitation costs, the model includes not only wastewater treatment plants but also collector and sewage networks in an integrated approach at the technical basin level. Beyond this modelling, each type of process is analyzed independently in order to explore the structure of investment costs and their variation factors. Then, the model was used to forecast the upcoming expenses for 36 areas which are not yet equipped with collective wastewater treatment facilities. In light of these results, strategic choices for decision makers are discussed.

Distribution and characterization of anammox in a swine wastewater activated sludge facility

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2330-2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Yamagishi ◽  
Mio Takeuchi ◽  
Yuichiro Wakiya ◽  
Miyoko Waki
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
15N Tracer ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a novel biological nitrogen removal process that oxidizes NH4+ to N2 with NO2− as an electron acceptor. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential activity and characteristics of anammox in a conventional swine wastewater treatment facility, which uses an activated sludge system consisting of three cascade aeration tanks equipped with ceramic support material. Anammox activity was estimated by a 15N tracer assay method and was detected in all the sludge and biofilm samples in each aeration tank. Biofilm taken from the third aeration tank, in which the dissolved oxygen concentration was 7.5 mg/L and the wastewater included a high concentration of NO3−, showed by far the highest anammox activity. A clone library analysis showed the existence of anammox bacteria closely related to ‘Candidatus Jettenia asiatica’ and ‘Ca. Brocadia caroliniensis’. The optimum conditions for anammox activity were a pH of 6.7–7.2, a temperature of 35 °C, a NO2− concentration of 10 mmol/L or less, and an NH4+ concentration of 32 mmol/L or less.

scholarly journals The biomass, survival, reproductive and biomarker responses of Helix pomatia to soil contaminated with treated and untreated wastewater.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semase Matseleng ◽  
Ozekeke Ogbeide ◽  
Patricks' Otomo Voua
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Town ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Abstract Wastewater treatment facilities in developing countries like South Africa are major sources of contaminants via effluent into the environment, which could portend high toxicity risks for non-target flora and fauna. To this end, a study was conducted to determine the ecotoxicological responses of selected organism to treated and untreated wastewater from the wastewater treatment plants in an industrial town. The snail Helix pomatia was exposed to OECD artificial soil spiked with untreated or treated wastewater at the following concentrations: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100%. The ecotoxicological responses of Helix pomatia to wastewater were determined by assessing the biomass, survival, reproduction and biomarker responses (Catalase ‒ CAT and Acetylcholinesterase ‒ AChE activities). The overall results showed significant effects on the survival, reproduction and biomass of H. pomatia. Similar results were observed for juvenile emergence. An EC50 of 5.751% for egg production and an EC50 of 6.233% for juvenile emergence were determined in the untreated wastewater. Such indices could not be computed for the treated wastewater, indicating a decreased in toxicity between the untreated and the treated samples. For both the AChE and CAT activities, there was no statistical difference between treated and untreated wastewater treatments. The results from this study highlight the toxic effects of untreated wastewater and indicate that treated wastewater (effluent) released from the wastewater treatment plant in Phuthaditjhaba remains suitable for invertebrate fauna such as H. pomatia.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nitrous Oxide Emission Reduction Potential of an Aerobic Bioreactor Packed with Carbon Fibres for Swine Wastewater Treatment

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Yamashita ◽  
Makoto Shiraishi ◽  
Hiroshi Yokoyama ◽  
Akifumi Ogino ◽  
Ryoko Yamamoto-Ikemoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Carbon Fibres

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas that is emitted from wastewater treatment plants. To reduce emissions of N2O from swine wastewater treatment plants, we constructed an experimental aerobic bioreactor packed with carbon fibres (ca. 1 m3 bioreactor) as an alternative to conventional activated sludge treatment. The N2O emission factor for the aerobic bioreactor packed with carbon fibres (CF) was 0.002 g N2O-N/g TN-load and the value for the typical activated sludge (AS) reactor was 0.013 g N2O-N/g TN-load. The CF treatment method achieved more than 80% reduction of N2O emissions, compared with the AS treatment method. The experimental introduction of a CF carrier into an actual wastewater treatment plant also resulted in a large reduction in N2O generation. Specifically, the N2O emission factors decreased from 0.040 to 0.005 g N2O-N/g TN-load following application of the carrier. This shows that it is possible to reduce N2O generation by more than 80% by using a CF carrier during the operation of an actual wastewater treatment plant. Some bacteria from the phylum Chloroflexi, which are capable of reducing N2O emissions, were detected at a higher frequency in the biofilm on the CF carrier than in the biofilm formed on the AS reactor.

Automation of a Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Treatment Plant:A Case Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-462
Author(s):  
Robert J. Shantz ◽  
Virginia B. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Control System ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Computer Control System ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Labor Requirements

Abstract Historically, automation was not considered for wastewater treatment plants because it did not significantly affect operating costs, and manual plant operation was considered acceptable. Despite past practices, the BP Oil Refinery at Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania set a new standard when they began upgrading their wastewater facility in 1985. By automating the plant, they ensured safe, reliable operation with minimum labor requirements, process optimization, and long-term reductions in operating costs. Major design features included: a distributed computer control system with monitoring and supervisory capabilities; high-quality control system instruments; control system components; and redundancy and backup to support operation if a component or power failure occurs. In addition, design control philosophies remained consistent from predesign to startup. This advanced wastewater treatment plant can serve as a model for automation of future industrial treatment facilities.

A procedure for estimating the capital cost of Ontario wastewater treatment plant using CAPDET

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Wright ◽  
Gilles G. Patry ◽  
Charles E. Letman ◽  
Donald R. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Cost Estimates ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Treatment Facilities

CAPDET is a computer-assisted procedure for the design and evaluation of wastewater treatment facilities developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The purpose of this study was to develop a procedure for applying CAPDET to the capital cost estimation of Canadian wastewater treatment plants without altering the source code. The proposed methodology is simple and efficient, requiring no additional data to that normally used in CAPDET.A total of 10 Canadian wastewater treatment plants were studied which included many of the treatment processes used in Canada. Six plants were used to develop the procedure while four plants were used to verify the procedure. The design flow for the selected plants ranged between 550 and 13 600 m3/d. Construction cost estimates generated using site-specific design information were compared with those obtained using the default database provided in CAPDET. The importance of the various unit costs on the total plant cost was also determined.Under the proposed methodology, unit costs are first adjusted to the date of construction using appropriate inflation indices. Wall concrete, slab concrete, and excavation costs are increased by an additional 15, 50, and 25%, respectively, to account for differences in construction practice. A final estimate reduction of 15% is performed to account for Canadian conditions.The procedure provides construction cost estimates that are within ± 20% of actual construction costs with a mean absolute error of 11% and an average error of 2.3%. Site-specific design data had little effect on the construction cost estimates with the exception of lagoon treatment facilities. Utilities and support facilities accounted for 20–30% of the cost estimates. The most significant cost parameters were the inflation index values and concrete and building unit costs. Key words: capital cost, construction cost estimation, wastewater treatment plant, mathematical modelling, calibration, verification.

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