scholarly journals Anthropogenic Modifications to Estuaries Facilitate the Invasion of Non-Native Species

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
Enrique González-Ortegón ◽  
Javier Moreno-Andrés
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Marine Larvae ◽  
Significant Pathway ◽  
Non Indigenous Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Modifications ◽  
Environmental Tolerances

New observations of non-indigenous species (NIS) in coastal waters, such as the Gulf of Cadiz (Spain) have increased since 1980 and more or less exponentially in the last five years. Ballast water has become the most significant pathway for unintentional introductions of NIS into marine ecosystems. For example, the marine larvae of crustacean decapods that inhabit the water column could be transported in ballast water. Although elevated concentrations of metals are toxic to many marine organisms, some of them have evolved effective detoxification, or avoidance mechanisms making it possible to consider they have a superior ability to withstand exposures to these toxicants. In this text, we try to reinforce the hypothesis that anthropogenic modifications (such as chemical alterations and modified environments) benefit NIS with broad environmental tolerances. Taking these risks into account, a reinforcement of efficient Ballast Water Management Systems to respond to today’s challenging environmental conditions is discussed.

Seawater warming at the northern reach for southern species: Gulf of Genoa, NW Mediterranean

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Nike Bianchi ◽  
Francesco Caroli ◽  
Paolo Guidetti ◽  
Carla Morri
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Ligurian Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Nw Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Non Indigenous Species ◽  
Southern Species ◽  
North Western

Global warming is facilitating the poleward range expansion of plant and animal species. In the Mediterranean Sea, the concurrent temperature increase and abundance of (sub)tropical non-indigenous species (NIS) is leading to the so-called ‘tropicalization’ of the Mediterranean Sea, which is dramatically evident in the south-eastern sectors of the basin. At the same time, the colder north-western sectors of the basin have been said to undergo a process of ‘meridionalization’, that is the establishment of warm-water native species (WWN) previously restricted to the southern sectors. The Gulf of Genoa (Ligurian Sea) is the north-western reach for southern species of whatever origin in the Mediterranean. Recent (up to 2015) observations of NIS and WWN by diving have been collated to update previous similar inventories. In addition, the relative occurrences of both groups of southern species have been monitored by snorkelling between 2009 and 2015 in shallow rocky reefs at Genoa, and compared with the trend in air and sea surface temperatures. A total of 20 southern species (11 NIS and 9 WWN) was found. Two WWN (the zebra seabream Diplodus cervinus and the parrotfish Sparisoma cretense) and three NIS (the SW Atlantic sponge Paraleucilla magna, the Red Sea polychaete Branchiomma luctuosum, and the amphi-American and amphi-Atlantic crab Percnon gibbesi) are new records for the Ligurian Sea, whereas juveniles of the Indo-Pacific bluespotted cornetfish Fistularia commersonii have been found for the first time. While temperature has kept on increasing for the whole period, with 2014 and 2015 being the warmest years since at least 1950, the number of WWN increased linearly, that of NIS increased exponentially, contradicting the idea of meridionalization and supporting that of tropicalization even in the northern sectors of the Mediterranean basin.

Climate change driven massive extirpation of native species from the Israeli Mediterranean shelf

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo G. Albano ◽  
Jan Steger ◽  
Marija Bošnjak ◽  
Beata Dunne ◽  
Zara Guifarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Shallow Subtidal ◽  
Non Indigenous Species

<p>We quantify a large-scale extirpation of native species from the Israeli Mediterranean shelf, a region strongly affected by rapidly changing environmental conditions and the introduction of non-indigenous species, based on an extensive sampling programme of mollusks on intertidal to subtidal soft and hard substrata. We reconstruct historical species richness from shelly death assemblages, quantify the time range they cover with radiocarbon dating, and compare their richness with today’s living assemblage diversity. The median native richness is 50% of the historical richness for the intertidal, but only 8% for the subtidal down to 40 m. Samples from the mesophotic zone show a much higher median of 42%, which is likely an underestimation due to sampling constraints. In contrast, non-indigenous species show assemblages matching the historical richness. Seasonality is very strong: autumn samples, after the summer heat peak, are highly impoverished in native species but enriched in non-indigenous ones. Additionally, a comparison between today’s and historical native species maximum size shows that shallow subtidal native populations are mostly non-reproductive. In contrast, non-indigenous species reach reproductive size. These results suggest that a recent large-scale change in environmental conditions is strongly favoring non-indigenous species and is the main cause behind the shallow subtidal native species decline. Such an environmental factor is likely seawater temperature that plays a greater role in the shallow subtidal than in the cooler mesophotic zone, and affects subtidal species more than intertidal ones, pre-adapted to a climatically extreme environment.</p>

scholarly journals Identification and impact analysis of invasive species: A case study in the Mongla Sea Port Area of Bagerhat District of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Nurul Amin ◽  
Mohd Yousuf Ali ◽  
Md Salequzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Port Area ◽  
Import And Export

Manipulation through invasion is a major problem in most of the port areas in recent world. Mongla is an important sea port that has accomplished the activities like import and export of various goods inside and outside Bangladesh. The process not only involves the moving of goods, it also carries the invasive species purposely or accidentally which invading to the new location of the Mongla port area through exploration and colonization with varieties diversity and scale. The paper identifies the invasive species and analyses the causes and ways of invasion in the coastal waters with possible impacts of invasion in the Mongla Port area. To achieve the objectives of the research, different aquatic species were collected by random sampling from the confluence of the River Passur Mongla port and the adjacent area around the Sundarbans from September 2006 to April 2007. The fishermen and local communities including indigenous people were interviewed to explore the invasion situation. The research reveals that ballast water of cargo ships is one of the means of invasion of the coastal waters of Mongla Port. Aquaculture is another reason of invasion due to introduction of many exotic fishes and shrimp species such as Pangus (Pangasius sutchi), African Magur (Clarias gariepinus), Tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) and Nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) etc. that have the active roles for altering the aquatic ecosystem of Mongla Port. Finally, the research also finds out some possible environmental impacts caused by those invasive species. Key words: Invasive species, Aquaculture, Indigenous species, Aquatic ecosystem, Ballast water DOI: 10.3329/diujst.v4i1.4353 Daffodil International University Journal of Science and Technology Vol.4(1) 2009 pp.35-41

scholarly journals Terrestrial ecosystems of the Antarctic Peninsula and their responses to climate change and anthropogenic impacts

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-97
Author(s):  
R. Bargagli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Non Indigenous Species ◽  
Food Web Complexity ◽  
The Antarctic

Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are unique natural laboratories where organisms adapted to extreme environmental conditions have evolved in isolation for millions of years. These unique biotic communities on Earth are facing complex climatic and environmental changes. Terrestrial ecosystems in the Antarctic Peninsula Region (APR) have experienced the highest rate of climate warming and, being the most impacted by human activities, are facing the greatest risk of detrimental changes. This review provides an overview of the most recent findings on how biotic communities in terrestrial ecosystems of the Antarctic Peninsula Region (APR) are responding and will likely respond to further environmental changes and direct anthropogenic impacts. Knowledge gained from studies on relatively simple terrestrial ecosystems could be very useful in predicting what may happen in much more complex ecosystems in regions with less extreme temperature changes. The rapid warming of the APR has led to the retreat of glaciers, the loss of snow and permafrost and the increase of ice-free areas, with a consequent enhancement of soil-forming processes, biotic communities, and food web complexity. However, most human activity is concentrated in APR coastal ice-free areas and poses many threats to terrestrial ecosystems such as environmental pollution or disturbances to soilcommunities and wildlife. People who work or visit APR may inadvertently introduce alien organisms and/or spread native species to spatially isolated ice-free areas. The number of introduced non-indigenous species and xenobiotic compounds in the APR is likely to be greater than currently documented, and several biosecurity and monitoring activities are therefore suggested to Antarctic national scientific programs and tourism operators to minimize the risk of irreversible loss of integrity by the unique terrestrial ecosystems of APR.

scholarly journals Monitoring Groningen Sea Ports : non-indigenous species and risks from ballast water in Eemshaven and Delfzijl

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M.E. Slijkerman ◽  
◽  
S.T. Glorius ◽  
A. Gittenberger ◽  
B.E. van der Weide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ballast Water ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Sea Ports ◽  
Non Indigenous Species

scholarly journals Comparative feeding behaviour of native and introduced terrestrial snails tracks their ecological impacts

NeoBiota ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tedi Hoxha ◽  
Steve Crookes ◽  
Ian MacIsaac ◽  
Xuexiu Chang ◽  
Mattias Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Competitive Abilities ◽  
Non Indigenous Species

A developing body of theory and empirical evidence suggest that feeding behaviour as measured by the functional response (FR) can assist researchers in assessing the relative potential, ecological impacts and competitive abilities of native and introduced species. Here, we explored the FRs of two land snails that occur in south-western Ontario, one native (Mesodonthyroidus) and one non-indigenous (Cepaeanemoralis) to Canada. The non-indigenous species appears to have low ecological impact and inferior competitive abilities. Consistent with theory, while both species conformed to Type II functional responses, the native species had a significantly higher attack rate (5.30 vs 0.41, respectively) and slightly lower handling time (0.020 vs 0.023), and hence a higher maximum feeding rate (50.0 vs 43.5). The non-indigenous species exhibited a significantly longer time to contact for a variety of food types, and appeared less discriminating of paper that was offered as a non-food type. The non-indigenous species also ate significantly less food when in mixed species trials with the native snail. These feeding patterns match the known low ecological impact of the introduced snail and are consistent with the view that it is an inferior competitor relative to the native species. However, field experimentation is required to clarify whether the largely microallopatric distributions of the two species in south-western Ontario reflect competitive dominance by the native species or other factors such as habitat preference, feeding preferences or predator avoidance. The relative patterns of feeding behaviour and ecological impact are, however, fully in line with recent functional response theory and application.

Non-indigenous marine macroalgae in native communities: a case study in the British Isles

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Mineur ◽  
Mark P. Johnson ◽  
Christine A. Maggs
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Southern England ◽  
Non Indigenous Species

It has traditionally been considered that areas with high natural species richness are likely to be more resistant to non-indigenous species than those with lower numbers of species. However, this theory has been the subject of a debate over the last decade, since some studies have shown the opposite trend. In the present study, a macroalgal survey was carried out at 24 localities in Northern Ireland and southern England, using a quadrat approach in the lower littoral. The two opposing hypotheses were tested (negative versus positive relationship between native and non-indigenous species richness) in this marine environment. The effect of the presence of ‘impacts’, potential sources of disturbance and species introduction (e.g. marina, harbour or aquaculture), was also tested. A positive relationship was found between the number of non-indigenous species and the native species richness at the three different scales tested (quadrats, sites and localities). At no scale did a richer native assemblage appear to restrict the establishment of introduced species. The analyses revealed greater species richness and different community composition, as well as more non-indigenous species, in southern England relative to Northern Ireland. The presence of the considered impacts had an effect on the community composition and species richness in southern England but not in Northern Ireland. Such impacts had no effect on the non-indigenous species richness in either area.

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