scholarly journals An In Vivo Proposal of Cell Computing Inspired by Membrane Computing

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Alberto Arteta Albert ◽  
Ernesto Díaz-Flores ◽  
Luis Fernando de Mingo López ◽  
Nuria Gómez Blas
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Membrane Computing ◽  
Reaction Series ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Proposal A ◽  
Intractable Problems ◽  
A Cell

Intractable problems are challenging and not uncommon in Computer Science. The computing generation we are living in forces us to look for an alternative way of computing, as current computers are facing limitations when dealing with complex problems and bigger input data. Physics and Biology offer great alternatives to solve these problems that traditional computers cannot. Models like Quantum Computing and cell computing are emerging as possible solutions to the current problems the conventional computers are facing. This proposal describes an in vivo framework inspired by membrane computing and based on alternative computational frameworks that have been proven to be theoretically correct such as chemical reaction series. The abilities of a cell as a computational unit make this proposal a starting point in the creation of feasible potential frameworks to enhance the performance of applications in different disciplines such as Biology, BioMedicine, Computer networks, and Social Sciences, by accelerating drastically the way information is processed by conventional architectures and possibly achieving results that presently are not possible due to the limitations of the current computing paradigm. This paper introduces an in vivo solution that uses the principles of membrane computing and it can produce non-deterministic outputs.

Ultrastructure of melanocyte-keratinocyte interactions and pigment transfer in vitro

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
Raul I. Garcia ◽  
Evelyn A. Flynn ◽  
George Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Pigment Granule ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Lanthanum Tracer ◽  
A Cell

Skin pigmentation in mammals involves the interaction of epidermal melanocytes and keratinocytes in the structural and functional unit known as the Epidermal Melanin Unit. Melanocytes(M) synthesize melanin within specialized membrane-bound organelles, the melanosome or pigment granule. These are subsequently transferred by way of M dendrites to keratinocytes(K) by a mechanism still to be clearly defined. Three different, though not necessarily mutually exclusive, mechanisms of melanosome transfer have been proposed: cytophagocytosis by K of M dendrite tips containing melanosomes, direct injection of melanosomes into the K cytoplasm through a cell-to-cell pore or communicating channel formed by localized fusion of M and K cell membranes, release of melanosomes into the extracellular space(ECS) by exocytosis followed by K uptake using conventional phagocytosis. Variability in methods of transfer has been noted both in vivo and in vitro and there is evidence in support of each transfer mechanism. We Have previously studied M-K interactions in vitro using time-lapse cinemicrography and in vivo at the ultrastructural level using lanthanum tracer and freeze-fracture.

Analysis of the Dynamics of the Electric Capacitance of a Cell Monolayer at the Late Stages of Caco-2 cell Differentiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
S.V. Nikulin ◽  
V.A. Petrov ◽  
D.A. Sakharov
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Electric Capacitance ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Late Stages

The real-time monitoring of electric capacitance (impedance spectroscopy) allowed obtaining evidence that structures which look like intestinal villi can be formed during the cultivation under static conditions as well as during the cultivation in microfluidic chips. It was shown in this work via transcriptome analysis that the Hh signaling pathway is involved in the formation of villus-like structures in vitro, which was previously shown for their formation in vivo. impedance spectroscopy, intestine, villi, electric capacitance, Hh The study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (Project 16-19-10597).

scholarly journals Improved synthesis of SV2A targeting radiotracer [11C]UCB-J

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Rokka ◽  
Eva Schlein ◽  
Jonas Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Radiochemical Yield ◽  
Preparative Hplc ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Synaptic Density ◽  
Excellent Starting Point ◽  
Starting Point

Abstract Introduction [11C]UCB-J is a tracer developed for PET (positron emission tomography) that has high affinity towards synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A), a protein believed to participate in the regulation of neurotransmitter release in neurons and endocrine cells. The localisation of SV2A in the synaptic terminals makes it a viable target for in vivo imaging of synaptic density in the brain. Several SV2A targeting compounds have been evaluated as PET tracers, including [11C]UCB-J, with the aim to facilitate studies of synaptic density in neurological diseases. The original two-step synthesis method failed in our hands to produce sufficient amounts of [11C]UCB-J, but served as an excellent starting point for further optimizations towards a high yielding and simplified one-step method. [11C]Methyl iodide was trapped in a clear THF-water solution containing the trifluoroborate substituted precursor, potassium carbonate and palladium complex. The resulting reaction mixture was heated at 70 °C for 4 min to produce [11C]UCB-J. Results After semi-preparative HPLC purification and reformulation in 10% ethanol/phosphate buffered saline, the product was obtained in 39 ± 5% radiochemical yield based on [11C]methyl iodide, corresponding to 1.8 ± 0.5 GBq at EOS. The radiochemical purity was > 99% and the molar activity was 390 ± 180 GBq/μmol at EOS. The product solution contained < 2 ppb palladium. Conclusions A robust and high yielding production method has been developed for [11C]UCB-J, suitable for both preclinical and clinical PET applications.

scholarly journals In vivo targeting of lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with the Tupaia paramyxovirus H glycoprotein bearing a cell-specific ligand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takele Argaw ◽  
Michael P. Marino ◽  
Andrew Timmons ◽  
Lindsey Eldridge ◽  
Kazuyo Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lentiviral Vectors ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Specific Ligand

scholarly journals Drosophila Hormone Receptor 38 Functions in Metamorphosis: A Role in Adult Cuticle Formation

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 1465-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Kozlova ◽  
G V Pokholkova ◽  
G Tzertzinis ◽  
J D Sutherland ◽  
I F Zhimulev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Transcription Unit ◽  
P Element ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Orphan Receptors ◽  
Mrna Isoforms ◽  
A Cell ◽  
In Vivo Analysis

Abstract DHR38 is a member of the steroid receptor superfamily in Drosophila homologous to the vertebrate NGFI-B-type orphan receptors. In addition to binding to specific response elements as a monomer, DHR38 interacts with the USP component of the ecdysone receptor complex in vitro, in yeast and in a cell line, suggesting that DHR38 might modulate ecdysone-triggered signals in the fly. We characterized the molecular structure and expression of the Dhr38 gene and initiated an in vivo analysis of its function(s) in development. The Dhr38 transcription unit spans more than 40 kb in length, includes four introns, and produces at least four mRNA isoforms differentially expressed in development; two of these are greatly enriched in the pupal stage and encode nested polypeptides. We characterized four alleles of Dhr38: a P-element enchancer trap line, l(2)02306, which shows exclusively epidermal staining in the late larval, pre-pupal and pupal stages, and three EMS-induced alleles. Dhr38 alleles cause localized fragility and rupturing of the adult cuticle, demonstrating that Dhr38 plays an important role in late stages of epidermal metamorphosis.

scholarly journals PapRIV, a BV-2 microglial cell activating quorum sensing peptide

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yorick Janssens ◽  
Nathan Debunne ◽  
Anton De Spiegeleer ◽  
Evelien Wynendaele ◽  
Marta Planas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Communication Signals ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

AbstractQuorum sensing peptides (QSPs) are bacterial peptides produced by Gram-positive bacteria to communicate with their peers in a cell-density dependent manner. These peptides do not only act as interbacterial communication signals, but can also have effects on the host. Compelling evidence demonstrates the presence of a gut-brain axis and more specifically, the role of the gut microbiota in microglial functioning. The aim of this study is to investigate microglial activating properties of a selected QSP (PapRIV) which is produced by Bacillus cereus species. PapRIV showed in vitro activating properties of BV-2 microglia cells and was able to cross the in vitro Caco-2 cell model and reach the brain. In vivo peptide presence was also demonstrated in mouse plasma. The peptide caused induction of IL-6, TNFα and ROS expression and increased the fraction of ameboid BV-2 microglia cells in an NF-κB dependent manner. Different metabolites were identified in serum, of which the main metabolite still remained active. PapRIV is thus able to cross the gastro-intestinal tract and the blood–brain barrier and shows in vitro activating properties in BV-2 microglia cells, hereby indicating a potential role of this quorum sensing peptide in gut-brain interaction.

Social Ontology and Model-Building: A Response to Epstein

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-192
Author(s):  
Nadia Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Social Ontology ◽  
Model Construction ◽  
Ontological Commitments ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social

Brian Epstein has recently argued that a thoroughly microfoundationalist approach towards economics is unconvincing for metaphysical reasons. Generally, Epstein argues that for an improvement in the methodology of social science we must adopt social ontology as the foundation of social sciences; that is, the standing microfoundationalist debate could be solved by fixing economics’ ontology. However, as I show in this paper, fixing the social ontology prior to the process of model construction is optional instead of necessary and that metaphysical-ontological commitments are often the outcome of model construction, not its starting point. By focusing on the practice of modeling in economics the paper provides a useful inroad into the debate about the role of metaphysics in the natural and social sciences more generally.

Lipoprotein lipase-suppressing mediator in serum of endotoxin-treated rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (4) ◽  
pp. E470-E476 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Bagby ◽  
C. B. Corll ◽  
J. J. Thompson ◽  
L. A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Significant Suppression ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase Activity ◽  
Activity Maximum ◽  
A Cell

The conditions under which lipoprotein lipase-suppressing mediator is present in serum of endotoxin-treated rats was determined in this study. The suppression of lipoprotein lipase activity in 3T3-L1 cells was used as a bioassay for mediator in serum. Endotoxin (0.1-10 micrograms/ml) and serum from control rats did not suppress lipoprotein lipase activity. Maximum suppression of cell lipoprotein lipase activity (70%) by serum from endotoxic rats required a cell exposure time of 5 h. At the highest dose of endotoxin used (1 mg/100 g), significant suppression was achieved when cells were incubated with 0.5% serum from endotoxic rats (P less than 0.05). Serum obtained 2-3 h after endotoxin injection possessed the maximal ability to suppress lipase activity, but suppressing activity was not present in serum collected 8 h after endotoxin. Rats rendered tolerant to endotoxin by 5 daily injections (0.1 mg/100 g) did not contain detectable levels of mediator in serum after endotoxin injection. The results demonstrate that the presence of lipoprotein lipase activity-suppressing mediator is transitory after in vivo exposure of naive rats to endotoxin, but does not appear in serum of endotoxin tolerant rats.

scholarly journals Redefining interferon-producing killer dendritic cells as a novel intermediate in NK-cell differentiation

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 119 (19) ◽  
pp. 4349-4357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Guimont-Desrochers ◽  
Geneviève Boucher ◽  
Zhongjun Dong ◽  
Martine Dupuis ◽  
André Veillette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Adoptive Transfer ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Current View ◽  
Antitumoral Activity ◽  
Nk Cell Differentiation ◽  
A Cell

Abstract The cell lineage origin of IFN-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDCs), which exhibit prominent antitumoral activity, has been subject to debate. Although IKDCs were first described as a cell type exhibiting both plasmacytoid DC and natural killer (NK) cell properties, the current view reflects that IKDCs merely represent activated NK cells expressing B220, which were thus renamed B220+ NK cells. Herein, we further investigate the lineage relation of B220+ NK cells with regard to other NK-cell subsets. We surprisingly find that, after adoptive transfer, B220− NK cells did not acquire B220 expression, even in the presence of potent activating stimuli. These findings strongly argue against the concept that B220+ NK cells are activated NK cells. Moreover, we unequivocally show that B220+ NK cells are highly proliferative and differentiate into mature NK cells after in vivo adoptive transfer. Additional phenotypic, functional, and transcriptional characterizations further define B220+ NK cells as immediate precursors to mature NK cells. The characterization of these novel attributes to B220+ NK cells will guide the identification of their ortholog in humans, contributing to the design of potent cancer immunotherapies.

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