scholarly journals Fractionation of Tilapia By-Product Protein Hydrolysate Using Multilayer Configuration of Ultrafiltration Membrane

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 446
Author(s):  
Jumardi Roslan ◽  
Siti Mazlina Mustapa Kamal ◽  
Khairul Faezah Md. Yunos ◽  
Norhafizah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Fractionation Process ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Multilayer Membrane

Production of small-sized peptides is significant because of their health benefits. Ultrafiltration (UF) membrane provides an effective fractionation of small-sized peptides on a large scale. Thus, the present study was aimed to evaluate the performance of multilayer UF membrane in fractionating tilapia fish by-product (TB) protein hydrolysate by observing the permeate flux, peptide transmission, and peptide distribution under different stirring speed, pH of feed solution, and salt concentration (NaCl). The fractionation process was carried out using a dead-end UF membrane system that consists of a stack of two membrane sheets with different (10/5 kDa) and similar (5/5 kDa) pore sizes in one device. The highest permeate flux (10/5 kDa–39.5 to 47.3 L/m2.h; 5/5 kDa– 15.8 to 20.3 L/m2.h) and peptide transmission (10/5 kDa–51.8 to 61.0%; 5/5 kDa–18.3 to 23.3%) for both multilayer membrane configurations were obtained at 3.0 bar, 600 rpm, pH 8, and without the addition of salt. It was also found that the permeates were enriched with small-size peptides (<500 Da) with a concentration of 0.58 g/L (10/5 kDa) and 0.65 g/L (5/5 kDa) as compared to large-sized peptides (500–1500 Da) with concentration of 0.56 g/L (10/5 kDa) and 0.36 g/L (5/5 kDa). This might indicate the enrichment of small-size peptides through the multilayer membrane which could potentially enhance the biological activity of the protein hydrolysate fraction.

Multilayer Polymeric Nano composite Membrane for Oxygen Separation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Gobi Nallathambi ◽  
Hazel Dhinakaran
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Oxygen Selectivity ◽  
Multilayer Membrane ◽  
Spun Fiber

Air separation is a process of separating primary components from the atmospheric air. Development of membrane technologies plays a key role in air separation. Multi-layer polymeric nanocomposite membranes have been developed by a novel technique using Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and cellulose acetate (CA) along with nano silica particles (SiO2) to obtain a higher oxygen selectivity and permeability. For the construction of the multilayer membrane, the Box-Behnken design has been used by employing three independent variables namely PAN Electro spinning time, the SiO2 percentage in the PAN polymer and CA/PEG polymer concentration. The developed membranes have been characterized for its surface morphology and physical properties. Along with the analysis of compound desirability, the results were also subject to statistical analysis in order to form regression equations. The electro spun fiber diameter increases along with the concentration of SiO2 nanoparticles and the range is from 50 nm to 400 nm. Moreover, the maximum pore size on the surface of the membrane lies between 200 to 400 nm whereas the maximum percentage of oxygen purity obtained is 48 with the permeate flux of 5.45 cm3/cm2/min.

scholarly journals Organic Fouling Impact in a Direct Contact Membrane Distillation System Treating Wastewater: Experimental Observations and Modeling Approach

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
Amine Charfi ◽  
Fida Tibi ◽  
Jeonghwan Kim ◽  
Jin Hur ◽  
Jinwoo Cho
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Direct Contact Membrane Distillation ◽  
Organic Fouling ◽  
Specific Cake Resistance

This study aims to investigate the effect of operational conditions on organic fouling occurring in a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system used to treat wastewater. A mixed solution of sodium alginate (SA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a feed solution to simulate polysaccharides and proteins, respectively, assumed as the main organic foulants. The permeate flux was observed at two feed temperatures 35 and 50 °C, as well as three feed solution pH 4, 6, and 8. Higher permeate flux was observed for higher feed temperature, which allows higher vapor pressure. At higher pH, a smaller particle size was detected with lower permeate flux. A mathematical model based on mass balance was developed to simulate permeate flux with time by assuming (i) the cake formation controlled by attachment and detachment of foulant materials and (ii) the increase in specific cake resistance, the function of the cake porosity, as the main mechanisms controlling membrane fouling to investigate the fouling mechanism responsible of permeate flux decline. The model fitted well with the experimental data with R2 superior to 0.9. High specific cake resistance fostered by small particle size would be responsible for the low permeate flux observed at pH 8.

Concentration and Desalination of Protein Derived from Tuna Cooking Juice by Nanofiltration

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammadameen Hajihama ◽  
Wirote Youravong
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Additional Process ◽  
Canning Industry

Tuna cooking juice is a co-product of tuna canning industry. It riches in protein, currently used for production of feed meal as well as protein hydrolysate. The finish products are usually in the form of concentrate, produced by evaporation process. However, evaporation is energy consumable process and the salt content level of the concentrate is often over the standard, thus required additional process for lowering salt content e.g. crystallization. The use of membrane technology, therefore, is of interest, since it required less energy and footprint compared with evaporation and is also able to reduce salt content of the concentrate. The aim of this study were to employ and select the membrane filtration process, and optimize the operating condition for protein concentration and desalination of tuna cooking juice. The results indicated that nanofiltration (NF) was more suitable than the ultrafiltration (UF) process, regarding the ability in protein recovery and desalination. The NF performance was evaluated in terms of permeation flux and protein and salt retentions. The protein and salt rejections of NF were 96 % and 5 %, respectively. The permeate flux(J) increased as transmembrane pressure (TMP) or cross flow rate (CFR) increased and the highest flux was obtained at TMP of 10 bar and CFR of 800 L/h. Operating with batch mode, the permeate flux was found to decrease as protein concentration increased, and at volume concentration factor about 4, the protein concentration  about 10% while salt removal was aproximately 70 % of the initial value. This work clearly showed that NF was successfully employed for concentration and desalination of protein derived from tuna cooking juice.

scholarly journals Effect of pH on membrane fouling during alcohol dehydrogenase immobilization in PES membrane

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Nurshahira Hazwani Hamran ◽  
Fauziah Marpani ◽  
Nur Hidayati Othman ◽  
Nik Raikhan Nik Him ◽  
Nur Hashimah Alias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Enzyme Immobilization ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Enzyme Loading ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Observed Rejection ◽  
Pes Membrane ◽  
Blocking Mechanism

Fouling-induced enzyme immobilization is a technique to immobilize enzyme by positively manipulating the knowledge of membrane fouling. In this study, Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) (EC 1.1.1.1) was immobilized in the support layer of ultrafiltration PES membrane at different solution pH (acid, neutral and alkaline). ADH catalyses formaldehyde (CHOH) to methanol (CH3OH) and simultaneously oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to NAD+. The initial feed amount of enzyme is 3.0 mg. The objective of the study aims at the effect of different pH of feed solution during enzyme immobilization, in terms of permeate flux, observed rejection, enzyme loading and fouling mechanism. The results showed that, pH 5 holds the highest enzyme loading which is 65% while pH 7 holds the lowest at 52% out of 3.0 mg as the initial enzyme feed. The permeate flux for each pH decreased with increasing cumulative permeate volume. The observed rejection is inversely correlated with the pH where increase in pH will cause a lower observed rejection. The fouling model predicted that irreversible fouling occurs during enzyme immobilization at pH 7 with standard blocking mechanism while reversible fouling occurs at pH 5 and 9 with intermediate and complete blocking, respectively.

scholarly journals Biocatalytic Reduction of Formaldehyde to Methanol: Effect of pH on Enzyme Immobilization and Reactive Membrane Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-480
Author(s):  
Norhayati Abdul Rahman ◽  
Fauziah Marpani ◽  
Nur Hidayati Othman ◽  
Nur Hashimah Alias ◽  
Junaidah Jai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immobilization ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Enzyme Loading ◽  
Reaction Conversion ◽  
Observed Rejection ◽  
Pes Membrane ◽  
Reactive Membrane

Thermodynamic stabled CO2 molecules can be biocatalytically reduced to methanol via three cascade dehydrogenases (formate, formaldehyde and alcohol) with the aid of cofactor as the electron donor. In this study, Alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1), the third step of the cascade enzymatic reaction which catalyzed formaldehyde (CHOH) to methanol (CH3OH) will be immobilized in an ultrafiltration membrane. The enzyme will be immobilized in the support layer of a poly(ether)sulfone (PES) membrane via a technique called fouling induced enzyme immobilization. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of varying pH (acid (pH 5), neutral (pH 7) and alkaline (pH 9)) of the feed solution during immobilization process of ADH in the membrane in terms of permeate flux, observed rejection, enzyme loading and fouling mechanism. The experiment was conducted in a pressure driven, dead-end stirred filtration cell. Reaction conversion and biocatalytic productivity will be also evaluated. The results showed that permeate flux for acid solution were the lowest during immobilization. High concentration polarization and fouling resistance cause lower observed rejection for pH 7 and 9. Enzyme loading for pH 5 give 73.8% loading rate which is the highest compared to 62.4% at pH 7 and 70.1% at pH 9. Meanwhile, the conversion rate during the reaction shows that reaction on fouled membrane showed more than 90% conversion for pH 5 and 7. The fouling model predicted that irreversible fouling occurs during enzyme immobilization at pH 7 with standard blocking mechanism while reversible fouling occurs at pH 5 and 9 with intermediate and complete blocking, respectively. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

scholarly journals Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Integrated Solar-Driven Membrane Distillation System with Serpentine-shape of Flat Plate Solar Collector for Seawater Desalination

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. H. M. Hanoin ◽  
N. S. Mohammed ◽  
M. A. I. Z. Arris ◽  
A. I. A. Bakar ◽  
N. M. Mokhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Flat Plate Solar Collector

Solar-powered membrane distillation (SPMD) system has gained its popularity in desalination application for past decade credit to the system efficiency in producing pure water and the utilization of renewable energy. However, most of the past SPMD works used commercial solar thermal collector (STC) as the thermal energy supply to the feed solution and the study only focused on the performance of the system in terms of flux and salt rejection. In this work, a self-made flat plate solar collector (FPSC) with the serpentine-shape pipe was designed and fabricated to study the effect of the STC towards the membrane performance. Before testing, a simulation work of the fluid flow inside the serpentine-shape pipe of the FPSC was analyzed using NX 10.0 computer-aided design simulation. After that, the efficiency of the self-made FPSC system was tested directly to sunlight in order to identify the maximum irradiance and the temperature of the feed solution. Due to the fluctuation of solar irradiance, the experimental setup of the SPMD system was tested using a solar simulator, and the performance was compared with the membrane distillation (MD) system without integration with FPSC system. Based on the simulation data, it can be concluded that the heat losses across the pipe are due to the slower fluid velocity and sudden pressure drop, which attributed to centripetal force and pressure differences. Meanwhile, the outdoor evaluation data showed that the temperatures of collector and water inside the feed tank could reach up to 84°C and 64°C, respectively when the maximum irradiance of 938 W/m2 was applied. For the performance evaluation between with and without the self-made FPSC system, it can be seen that only marginal difference can be observed for the permeate flux and salt rejection with an average difference of 6.06% and 1.29%, respectively.

Liquid Membrane System for Extraction and Electrodeposition of Copper(II)

2020 ◽  
Vol 850 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Tatiana Sadyrbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Concentration ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fine Grained Structure ◽  
Membrane Type ◽  
Effective Transfer ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Solutions

The extraction of copper (II) ions using di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid – based liquid membranes during a galvanostatic electrodialysis-electrolysis process was studied. Effects of the current density, copper (II) and hydrochloric acid concentration in the feed solution, carrier and admixture concentration in the liquid membrane, type of acid in the catholyte were studied, and the optimal conditions were determined. A practically complete removal of copper (II) from the feed solution containing 0.01 M CuCl2 was achieved during 3.0 −4.0 h of electrodialysis. A possibility of effective transfer and electrodeposition of copper (II) from dilute solutions of sulfuric, hydrochloric, perchloric, nitric and acetic acids was shown. Adherent copper coatings with a fine-grained structure were obtained from dilute sulfuric acid solutions. A maximum stripping degree into the catholyte of 88 % and an electrodeposition degree of 73 % were achieved in the studied system.

scholarly journals Hybrid System Coupling Moving Bed Bioreactor with UV/O3 Oxidation and Membrane Separation Units for Treatment of Industrial Laundry Wastewater

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2648
Author(s):  
Sylwia Mozia ◽  
Magdalena Janus ◽  
Sławomira Bering ◽  
Krzysztof Tarnowski ◽  
Jacek Mazur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
System A ◽  
Water Recycle ◽  
Recycle And Reuse ◽  
System Coupling

This paper describes the investigations on the possibilities of treatment of wastewater generated in an industrial laundry with application of a combined biological-photooxidation- membrane system aimed at water recycle and reuse. The two treatment schemes were compared: 1) scheme A consisting of a treatment in a moving bed biological reactor (MBBR) followed by microfiltration (MF) and nanofiltration (NF), and 2) scheme B comprising MBBR followed by oxidation by photolysis enhanced with in situ generated O3 (UV/O3) after which MF and NF were applied. The removal efficiency in MBBR reached 95–97% for the biochemical oxygen demand; 90–93% for the chemical oxygen demand and 89–99% for an anionic and a nonionic surfactants. The application of UV/O3 system allowed to decrease the content of the total organic carbon by 68% after 36 h of operation with a mineralization rate of 0.36 mg/L·h. Due to UV/O3 pretreatment, a significant mitigation of membrane fouling in the case of both MF and NF processes was achieved. The MF permeate flux in the system B was over two times higher compared to that in the system A. Based on the obtained results it was concluded that the laundry wastewater pretreated in the MBBR-UV/O3-MF-NF system could be recycled to any stage of the laundry process.

scholarly journals ON/OFF Switchable Nanocomposite Membranes for Separations

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2415
Author(s):  
Taegyun Kwon ◽  
Jinyoung Chun
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposite ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
The Cost ◽  
External Stimuli

Although water, air, and other resources are abundant on earth, they have been subjected to strict environmental regulations. This is because of their limitation of availability for human consumption. In the separation industry, the membrane system was introduced to increase the amount of resources available to mankind. Experts used an easy-to-use polymeric material to design several membranes with porous structures for wastewater treatment, gas separation, and chemical removal; consequently, they succeeded in obtaining positive results. However, past polymeric membranes exhibited a chronic drawback such that it was difficult to simultaneously augment the permeate flux and improve its selectivity toward certain substances. Because of the trade-off relationship that existed between permeability and selectivity, the membrane efficiency was not very good; consequently, the cost-effectiveness was significantly hindered because there was no other alternative than to replace the membrane in order to maintain its initial characteristics steadily. This review begins with the introduction of a polymer nanocomposite (PNC) membrane that has been designed to solve the chronic problem of polymeric membranes; subsequently, the stimuli-responsive PNC membrane is elucidated, which has established itself as a popular topic among researchers in the separation industry for several decades. Furthermore, we have listed the different types and examples of stimuli-responsive PNC membranes, which can be switched by external stimuli, while discussing the future direction of the membrane separation industry.

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