scholarly journals Removal of Anionic and Cationic Dyes from Wastewater Using Activated Carbon from Palm Tree Fiber Waste

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Basma G. Alhogbi ◽  
Shoruq Altayeb ◽  
Effat. A. Bahaidarah ◽  
Mahmoud F. Zawrah
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage

This study focuses on using a facile method for the green preparation of activated carbon (AC) from palm tree fiber (PTF) waste. The synthesized cost-effective AC was investigated for the removal of an anionic dye (Congo red, CR) and a cationic dye (Rhodamine B, RhB) from wastewater. The morphological and structural characterization of the synthesized AC were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), surface area, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), total pore volume, average pore diameter and pore size distribution, zeta potential, and zero-point charge. To investigate the adsorption efficiency, different parameters such as adsorbent dosage, solution pH, initial dye concentration, and duration were applied using the batch experiments. Various adsorption isotherm and kinetics models were applied to study the adsorption mechanism and dynamics. The results showed that chemical activation with a weak acid (H3PO4) at 400 °C for 30 min is a fast method for the activation of each precursor and produces a high yield. The result of analysis showed an increase in the adsorption capacity at pH 2. The maximum adsorption capacity was 9.79 and 26.58 mg g−1 at 30 min for CR dye and RhB dye, respectively. The optimum adsorbent dosage for the activated carbon from palm tree fiber (PTFAC) was 0.15 g with a high percentage removal of CR (98.24%) and RhB (99.86%) dyes. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies were found to be favorable and feasible for assessing the adsorption of dyes with the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order reaction, respectively. In addition, the AC showed reusability up to five cycles. The results showed that the synthesized AC was environmentally friendly and successfully removed dyes from wastewater.

Adsorption of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions on activated carbon

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Leyva Ramos ◽  
A. Juarez Martinez ◽  
R. M. Guerrero Coronado
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Experimental Adsorption ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Adsorption Data

The adsorption isotherm of chromium (VI) on activated carbon was obtained in a batch adsorber. The experimental adsorption data were fitted reasonably well to the Freundlich isotherm. The effect of pH on the adsorption isotherm was investigated at pH values of 4, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 12. It was found that at pH < 6, Cr(VI) was adsorbed and reduced to Cr(III) by the catalytic action of the carbon and that at pH ≥ 12, Cr(VI) was not adsorbed on activated carbon. Maximum adsorption capacity was observed at pH 6 and the adsorption capacity was diminished about 17 times by increasing the pH from 6 to 10. The pH effect was attributed to the different complexes that Cr(VI) can form in aqueous solution. The adsorption isotherm was also affected by the temperature since the adsorption capacity was increased by raising the temperature from 25 to 40°C. It was concluded that Cr(VI) was adsorbed significantly on activated carbon at pH 6 and that the adsorption capacity was greatly dependent upon pH.

Adsorption of cadmium(II) from aqueous solution onto activated carbon

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Leyva-Ramos ◽  
J. R. Rangel-Mendez ◽  
J. Mendoza-Barron ◽  
L. Fuentes-Rubio ◽  
R. M. Guerrero-Coronado
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Average Percent Deviation ◽  
Initial Ph

The adsorption isotherm of cadmium on activated carbon was measured in a batch adsorber. Effects of temperature and solution pH on the adsorption isotherm were investigated by determining the adsorption isotherm at temperatures of 10, 25, and 40°C and at initial pH values from 2 to 8. Langmuir isotherm better fitted the experimental data since the average percent deviation was lower than with the Freundlich isotherm It was noticed that the amount of Cd2+ adsorbed was reduced about 3 times by increasing the temperature from 10 to 40°C. It was found that Cd2+ was not adsorbed on activated carbon at pH of 2 or lower and that Cd2+ was precipitated out as Cd(OH)2 at pH values above 9. Maximum adsorption capacity was observed at pH of 8 and the adsorption capacity was decreased about 12 times by reducing the initial pH from 8 to 3. According to the cadmium speciation diagram the predominant species below pH of 8 is Cd2+. Thus, cadmium was adsorbed on the activated carbon surface as Cd2+. It was concluded that the adsorption capacity is a strong function of pH and temperature.

scholarly journals Adsorption of methylene blue onto betel nut husk-based activated carbon prepared by sodium hydroxide activation process

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 1932-1949
Author(s):  
Mondira Bardhan ◽  
Tamanna Mamun Novera ◽  
Mumtahina Tabassum ◽  
Md. Azharul Islam ◽  
Ali H. Jawad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Mb Adsorption

Abstract In this study, activated carbon (AC) was prepared from agro-waste betel nut husks (BNH) through the chemical activation method. Different characterization techniques described the physicochemical nature of betel nut husks activated carbon (BNH-AC) through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and pH point of zero charge. Later, the produced AC was used for methylene blue (MB) adsorption via numerous batch experimental parameters: initial concentrations of MB dye (25–250 mg/L), contact time (0.5–24 hours) and initial pH (2–12). Dye adsorption isotherms were also assessed at three temperatures where the maximum adsorption capacity (381.6 mg/g) was found at 30 °C. The adsorption equilibrium data were best suited to the non-linear form of the Freundlich isotherm model. Additionally, non-linear pseudo-second-order kinetic model was better fitted with the experimental value as well. Steady motion of solute particles from the boundary layer to the BNH-AC's surface was the possible reaction dynamics concerning MB adsorption. Thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. Saline water emerged as an efficient eluent for the desorption of adsorbed dye on AC. Therefore, the BNH-AC is a very promising and cost-effective adsorbent for MB dye treatment and has high adsorption capacity.

scholarly journals Utilization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose for Adsorption of Divalent Cobalt Ions in the Aqueous Phase

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Shella Permatasari Santoso ◽  
Artik Elisa Angkawijaya ◽  
Alfin Kurniawan ◽  
Maria Yuliana ◽  
Felycia Edi Soetaredjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Nanocrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Cobalt Ions ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Particle Length

Nanocrystalline cellulose (NC) is a cellulose derivative product that has attracted a lot of attention because of its versatile applications, one of which is in adsorption. In this study, NC was prepared through H2SO4-hydrolysis of filter paper. Several physical characterizations were employed to confirm the formation of the NC nanoparticles, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The nano-rod-shaped NC particles, with an average particle length of 255 nm, were observed from the electron micrographs. The resemblance characteristic of NC with cellulose was demonstrated from the occurrence of XRD peaks at (110) and (200) lattice plane. The FTIR bands’ spectra of the NC are similar to that of the reported literature. The NC was utilized as the adsorbent for the removal of cobalt ions in the synthetic solution. The effect of pH on the removal of cobalt ions by NC was evaluated by employing potentiometric titration. It was revealed that the complexation between the two compounds occurs greater at a pH of 6.6. The adsorption isotherm of cobalt ions was investigated at three different temperatures of 30, 45, and 60°C. The adsorption isotherm was found to be well fitted with the Langmuir model, with the maximum adsorption capacity of 47.53 mg g-1 at 30°C. The adsorption capacity was found to decline as the temperature increased, where the maximum adsorption capacity was 44.62 ± 2.32 and 40.56 ± 2.03 mg g-1 at 45 and 60°C, respectively. The adsorption of cobalt ions on NC shows the exothermic adsorption behavior.

scholarly journals Carbaryl Sorption by Porogen-Treated Banana Pith Carbon

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sathishkumar ◽  
J.G. Choi ◽  
C.S. Ku ◽  
K. Vijayaraghavan ◽  
A.R. Binupriya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Ability ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Langmuir And Freundlich Models

This paper reports the adsorption ability of banana pith activated carbon, with ZnCl2 as the porogen, towards carbaryl (1-naphthyl- N-methylcarbamate) from aqueous solution. The pH-edge experiments revealed that carbaryl adsorption onto ZnCl2-treated banana pith activated carbon (ZTC) was a pH-dependent process with maximum adsorption occurring at pH 11. The adsorption isotherm obtained at pH 11 revealed that ZTC possessed a maximum adsorption capacity of 45.9 mg/g. The adsorption isotherms were well described by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The kinetic data obtained at different initial carbaryl concentrations were modelled using pseudo-first- and -second-order models. Acetone successfully desorbed carbaryl with a 99.8% elution efficiency.

scholarly journals Optimization of Arsenic Adsorption onto Cativated Carbon Dreived from Potato Peel Using Response Surfase Methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram A. Haji ◽  
Nidhal M.Sh. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Potato Peel ◽  
Central Composite

The present study was designed to optimizing the adsorption of As (V) onto potato peel derived activated carbon (MPP-AC) by employing response surface method and central composite design. Adsorbent of cheap and locally available potato residue was produced based on chemical activation with H3PO4 subsequently carbonization to produce the porous activated carbon. The individual and interactive effects of five variables including initial arsenic concentration, temperature, time, dosage amount and pH of the medium were investigated. Based on the statistic analysis (ANOVA), the quadratic model was developed associating the adsorption capacity (qe). The optimum conditions were obtained of 9.98 mg L-1 of initial As (V) concentration, 28 °C of temperature, 39.7 min of time, 0.97 g of adsorbent dose and 7.3 of pH. The maximum adsorption capacity was 0.27 mg g-1 and 76.5% removal efficiency. The equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies for estimating the mechanism of process demonstrated a good fit to Langmuir model and the pseudo-second order, respectively. The results of this study showed that the feasibility of central composite design for control adsorption process and indicated the use of activated carbon of potato residue have important implications for As (V) removal.

Activated carbon from molasses efficiency for Cr(VI), Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption: A mechanistic study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Good Potential

Activated carbon was prepared from molasses, which are natural precursors of vegetable origin resulting from the sugar industry. A simple elaboration process, based on chemical activation with phosphoric acid, was proposed. The final product, prepared by activation of molasses/phosphoric acid mixture in air at 500°C, presented high surface area (more than 1400 m2/g) and important maximum adsorption capacity for methylene blue (625 mg/g) and iodine (1660 mg/g). The activated carbon (MP2(500)) showed a good potential for the adsorption of Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The affinity for the three ions was observed in the following order Cu2+ Cr6+ Pb2+. The process is governed by monolayer adsorption following the Langmuir model, with a correlation coefficient close to unity.

Analisis Variasi Temperatur Aktivasi Terhadap Daya Serap Arang Aktif Tandan Aren (Arenga Pinnata Merr) Dengan Agen Aktivasi Potassium Silicate(K2SiO3)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azam ◽  
Muhammad Anas ◽  
Erniwati Erniwati
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Reactor

This study aims to determine the effect of variation of activation temperature of activated carbon from sugar palm bunches of chemically activatied with the activation agent of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) on the adsorption capacity of iodine and methylene blue. Activated carbon from bunches of sugar palmacquired in four steps: preparationsteps, carbonizationstepsusing the pyrolysis reactor with temperature of 300 oC - 400 oC for 8 hours and chemical activation using of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) activator in weight ratio of 2: 1 and physical activation using the electric furnace for 30 minutes with temperature variation of600 oC, 650 oC, 700 oC, 750 oC and 800 oC. The iodine and methyleneblue adsorption testedby Titrimetric method and Spectrophotometry methodrespectively. The results of the adsorption of iodine and methylene blue activated carbon from sugar palm bunches increased from 240.55 mg/g and 63.14 mg/g at a temperature of 600 oC to achieve the highest adsorption capacity of 325.80 mg/g and 73.59 mg/g at temperature of 700 oC and decreased by 257.54 mg/g and 52.03 mg/g at a temperature of 800 oCrespectively.However, it does not meet to Indonesia standard (Standard Nasional Indonesia/SNI), which is 750 mg/g and 120 mg/g respectively.

scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Combustion Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kooti ◽  
A. Naghdi Sedeh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Average Size

A new and simple method was applied for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles with an average size of 20 nm. In this microwave-assisted combustion method, glycine as a fuel and zinc nitrate as precursor were used. The final product was obtained very fast with high yield and purity. The synthesized nanoscale ZnO was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The size and morphology of the ZnO nanoparticles have been determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. This is a simple and fast method for the preparation of ZnO nanoparticles with no need for expensive materials or complicated treatments.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterisation of Pyridinium-Based Ionic Liquid as Activating Agent in Rubber Seed Shell Activated Carbon Production for CO2 Capture

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
Nawwarah Mokti ◽  
Azry Borhan ◽  
Siti Nur Azella Zaine ◽  
Hayyiratul Fatimah Mohd Zaid
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Activating Agent

The use of an activating agent in chemical activation of activated carbon (AC) production is very important as it will help to open the pore structure of AC as adsorbents and could enhance its performance for adsorption capacity. In this study, a pyridinium-based ionic liquid (IL), 1-butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, [C4Py][Tf2N] has been synthesized by using anion exchange reaction and was characterized using few analyses such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FTIR. Low-cost AC was synthesized by chemical activation process in which rubber seed shell (RSS) and ionic liquid [C4Py][Tf2N] were employed as the precursor and activating agent, respectively. AC has been prepared with different IL concentration (1% and 10%) at 500°C and 800°C for 2 hours. Sample AC2 shows the highest SBET and VT which are 392.8927 m2/g and 0.2059 cm3/g respectively. The surface morphology of synthesized AC can be clearly seen through FESEM analysis. A high concentration of IL in sample AC10 contributed to blockage of pores by the IL. On the other hand, the performance of synthesized AC for CO2 adsorption capacity also studied by using static volumetric technique at 1 bar and 25°C. Sample AC2 contributed the highest CO2 uptakes which is 50.783 cm3/g. This current work shows that the use of low concentration IL as an activating agent has the potential to produce porous AC, which offers low-cost, green technology as well as promising application towards CO2 capture.

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