scholarly journals The EU Training Network for Resource Recovery through Enhanced Landfill Mining—A Review

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Daniel Vollprecht ◽  
Lieven Machiels ◽  
Peter Tom Jones
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Inorganic Polymers ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Landfill Mining ◽  
Thermochemical Processes

The “European Union Training Network for Resource Recovery Through Enhanced Landfill Mining (NEW-MINE)” was a European research project conducted between 2016 and 2020 to investigate the exploration of and resource recovery from landfills as well as the processing of the excavated waste and the valorization of the obtained waste fractions using thermochemical processes. This project yielded more than 40 publications ranging from geophysics via mechanical process engineering to ceramics, which have not yet been discussed coherently in a review publication. This article summarizes and links the NEW-MINE publications and discusses their practical applicability in waste management systems. Within the NEW-MINE project in a first step concentrates of specific materials (e.g., metals, combustibles, inert materials) were produced which might be used as secondary raw materials. In a second step, recycled products (e.g., inorganic polymers, functional glass-ceramics) were produced from these concentrates at the lab scale. However, even if secondary raw materials or recycled products could be produced at a large scale, it remains unclear if they can compete with primary raw materials or products from primary raw materials. Given the ambitions of transition towards a more circular economy, economic incentives are required to make secondary raw materials or recycled products from enhanced landfill mining (ELFM) competitive in the market.

scholarly journals LEGAL REGULATION OF INDUSTRIAL WATER USE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-508
Author(s):  
M.B. Uage
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Water Legislation

The article presents the characteristics of the legislation regulating the right of water use of industrial enterprises in the European Union. Three periods of formation and development of the provisions of water legislation that restrict or prohibit the industrial discharge of hazardous substances into the water are considered. The institute of integrated environmental permitting is considered. It is noted that the issuance of this type of permits is carried out on the basis of the best available technologies. The best available technologies are those technologies that achieve a high level of environmental protection in the most effective way, developed and ready for implementation, cost-effective, technically feasible, applicable to a particular enterprise. At the same time, enterprises should prevent large-scale and cross-border environmental pollution, effectively use water, energy, raw materials, reduce the risks of accidents and minimize the consequences, monitor emissions, and reclaim the land after the termination of their activities. It is concluded that according to the European water legislation, water is defined as a natural object, and in some cases-as a natural resource that requires special protection from the state.

scholarly journals Organizational, economic and legal aspects of creating and developing technological complexes on recycling ash and slag waste in construction and other products

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 756-773
Author(s):  
Igor S. Kozhukhovsky ◽  
Evgeny G. Velichko ◽  
Yury C. Tselykovskiy ◽  
Eduard S. Tshovrebov
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Ash And Slag Waste ◽  
Optimal Resolution ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Slag Waste

Introduction. The study gives a comprehensive estimation of alternate solutions of an actual significant domestic ecological and economic problem of handling large-tonnage industrial waste: environmental contamination as a result of growing volumes of ash and slag waste (ASW), usage of ecologically dangerous objects (dumps of ashes and slag), low level of involving processed ASW as a valuable secondary resource in economic circulation. Materials and methods. The domestic and foreign publications on the problems of ASW handling, on methods and technologies of using secondary resources from the recycled ASW for production of various construction and other goods, on manufacturing organisation were analysed. The system analysis of approaches, methods and ways of the solution of the scientific problem put in the study is chosen as a research method. Results. Priority areas of the handling ASW as useful secondary raw materials with the view of as much as technically possible, ecologically admissible and economically expedient involvement of such waste in economic circulation were generated. Methodological approaches to creation of the organisational, legal and economic mechanism of regulating the ASW handling were suggested. The following concepts were formulated: “raw materials from ashes and slag”, “«from ashes and slag”, “recycling of ash and slag waste”. A set of standardization documents and methodical materials necessary for development in the considered sphere is recommended. Measures of the state support, regulation and economic incentives on the ASW recycling into raw and materials and their efficient usage as the needed goods for modern demands of industrial branches and economy sectors. Conclusions. The scientific research novelty consists in offered by the authors the scientific approach to formation of fundamental strategic methodological principles of the handling ASW as valuable secondary raw materials in the scope of economic legal relations, practical solutions on the effective optimal resolution of the assigned actual ecological and economic problem on the Russian Federation national scale.

scholarly journals THE POSSIBILITY OF SECONDARY RESOURCE RECOVERY DURING WASTE DISPOSAL SITE RECLAMATION

Detritus ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
Sliusar Natalia ◽  
Aleksandra Krutova ◽  
Yulia Mozzhegorova ◽  
Stepan Polygalov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Waste Disposal Site ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Landfill Mining ◽  
Mining Project ◽  
Mining Projects ◽  
The Cost

Nowadays, Russian waste management policies demand the closure and elimination of dumpsites and landfills historically located in the vicinity of populated areas, with no reference to geological and hydrological conditions. Landfill mining is one of the technical solutions for old dumpsite reclamation. The unique feature of this study is the application of an integrated scenario approach in the evaluation of landfill mining projects. This approach is based on a scenario matrix that compares costs and revenues for each scenario, depending on resource and technological capabilities on the one hand, and prevailing economic conditions on the other. It was revealed that for large dumpsites the cost of landfill mining project with waste excavation and redisposal, using landfill soil material, and the recovery of secondary raw materials is several times higher than the cost of baseline dumpsite reclamation. This study shows that implementation of landfill mining projects is feasible for relatively small dumpsites with a low object base area load. The age of a landfill, among the other parameters, has an impact on the economic efficiency of landfill mining project. According to the study the older the landfill is, the higher the content of landfill soil and the lower the amount of secondary raw materials available. As a result, the efficiency and cost of sorting technologies for soil material and secondary raw materials are key factors that determine the economic feasibility of landfill mining during waste disposal site reclamation. Within each scenario, the factors that most influence the total cost are identified.

scholarly journals Global Mycotoxin Occurrence in Feed: A Ten-Year Survey

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Gruber-Dorninger ◽  
Timothy Jenkins ◽  
Gerd Schatzmayr
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Survey ◽  
Regional Trends

Mycotoxins contaminating animal feed can exert toxic effects in animals and be transferred into animal products. Therefore, mycotoxin occurrence in feed should be monitored. To this end, we performed a large-scale global survey of mycotoxin contamination in feed and assessed regional differences and year-to-year variation of mycotoxin occurrence. Concentrations of aflatoxin B1, zearalenone, fumonisins, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin were analyzed in 74,821 samples of feed and feed raw materials (e.g., maize, wheat, soybean) collected from 100 countries from 2008 to 2017. In total, 88% of the samples were contaminated with at least one mycotoxin. Mycotoxin occurrence showed distinct regional trends and climate was a key determinant governing these trends. In most regions, the majority of samples complied with maximum levels and guidance values for mycotoxins in animal feed that are in effect in the European Union. However, 41.1%, 38.5%, and 20.9% of samples from South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia, respectively, exceeded the maximum level for aflatoxin B1 (20 µg/kg). In several regions, mycotoxin concentrations in maize showed a pronounced year-to-year variation that could be explained by rainfall or temperature during sensitive periods of grain development. A large fraction of samples (64%) was co-contaminated with ≥ 2 mycotoxins. Most frequently observed mycotoxin mixtures were combinations of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and fumonisins, as well as fumonisins and aflatoxin B1. Deoxynivalenol and zearalenone concentrations were correlated in maize and wheat. In conclusion, according to an extensive global survey, mycotoxin (co-)contamination of animal feed is common, shows regional trends, and is governed in part by climate and weather.

scholarly journals Trends in the circular economy development in the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina Nosko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
The Eu

The article examines current trends in the circular economy development in the European Union, which is justly considered to be the leader in this area. The author enlists priority sectors, which are targeted by the Circular Economy Action Plan adopted in 2015. The paper examines a European strategy for plastics, which has ambitious targets till 2030, and a Critical Raw Materials initiative that is important for the EU as for an importer of many commodities. The latter leads to such benefits as supply risks mitigation and savings in energy and water. European Union’s key instruments aimed at making products more sustainable are discussed. Specifically, Ecodesign and energy labelling, Green Public Procurement, Ecolabel, and Enhanced Producer Responsibility scheme are presented. The author touches upon financing of circular economy innovations and adaptation of the industrial base in the EU. Over the 2016–2020 period, more than 10 billion euro in public funding has been provided. Half of this amount is designated for the purpose of the waste legislation support. Horizon 2020, Europe’s largest research and innovation programme, is one of the circular economy financing tools. 257 circular economy related projects were selected as a result of three calls for projects proposals amounting to 1,45 bln. The author’s review shows the large scale of changes in the European Union driven by implementation of the circular economy principles, which is important for the region’s trade partners.

scholarly journals THE POSSIBILITY OF THE USE OF SECONDARY RAW MATERIALS FROM ENERGY AND IRON&STEEL INDUSTRIES FOR GLASS-CERAMICS PRODUCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
Anna Skawińska ◽  
Aleksandra Tkocz ◽  
Pelagia LASKA-JÓZEFCZAK ◽  
Tomasz Foszcz
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Industries

Birlikte Yaşama Kültürü Çerçevesinde Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Politikaları: Suriyelilere Yönelik Tutumun Sultanbeyli Örneği Üzerinden Değerlendirilmesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-61
Author(s):  
Pelin Sönmez ◽  
Abulfaz Süleymanov
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Turkish People

Türkiye, Cumhuriyet tarihinin en yoğun zorunlu göç dalgasını 2011 yılından bu yana süren Suriye Savaşı ile yaşamaktadır. Suriye vatandaşlarının geçici koruma statüsü altında Türkiye toplumuna her açıdan entegrasyonları günümüzün ve geleceğin politika öncelikleri arasında düşünülmelidir. Öte yandan ülkeye kabul edilen sığınmacıların kendi kültürel kimliğini kaybetmeden içinde yaşadığı ev sahibi topluma uyumu, ortak yaşam kültürünün gelişmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu makalede, "misafir" olarak kabul edilen Suriyeli vatandaşların Türk toplumunca kabul edilmeleri ve dışlanma risklerinin azaltılmasına yönelik devlet politikaları ortaya konularak, üye ve aday ülkelere göçmenlerin dışlanmasını önlemek için Avrupa Birliği (AB) tarafından sunulan hukuki yapı ve kamu hizmeti inisiyatifleri incelenmekte, birlikte yaşam kültürü çerçevesinde Suriyeli vatandaşlara yönelik  toplumsal kabul düzeyleri ele alınmaktadır. Çalışma iki ana bölümden oluşmaktadır: göçmen ve sığınmacılara karşı toplumsal dışlanmayı engellemek için benimsenen yasa ve uygulamaların etkisi ve İstanbul-Sultanbeyli bölgesinde Suriyeli sığınmacılarla ilgili toplumsal algı çalışmasının sonuçları. Bölgede ikamet eden Suriyelilere yönelik toplumsal kabul düzeyinin yüksek olduğu görülürken, halkın Suriyelileri kendilerine  kültürel ve dini olarak yakın hissetmesi toplumsal kabul düzeyini olumlu etkilemektedir. ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHAn evaluation of the European Union and Turkish policies regarding the culture of living togetherThis article aims to determine the level of social acceptance towards Syrians within the context of cohabitation culture by evaluating EU’s legal structure and public service initiatives in order to prevent Syrian refugees from being excluded in member and candidate countries and by revealing government policies on acceptance of Syrians as “guest” by Turkish society and minimizing the exclusion risks of them. This article consists of two main parts, one of which is based on the effects of law and practices preventing refugees and asylum seekers from social exclusion, and the other is on the results of social perception on Syrians in Sultanbeyli district of Istanbul. At the end of 5-years taking in Syrian War, it is obvious that most of more than 3 million Syrian with unregistered ones in Turkey are “here to stay”. From this point of view, the primary scope of policies should be specified in order to remove side effects of refugee phenomenon seen as weighty matter by bottoming out the exclusion towards those people. To avoid possible large-scale conflicts or civil wars in the future, the struggle with exclusion phenomenon plays a crucial role regarding Turkey’s sociological situation and developing policies. In the meaning of forming a model for Turkey, a subtitle in this article is about public services for European-wide legal acquis and practices carried out since 1970s in order to prevent any exclusion from the society. On the other hand, other subtitles are about legal infrastructure and practices like Common European Asylum and Immigration Policies presented in 2005, and Law on Foreigners and International Protection introduced in 2013. In the last part of the article, the results of a field survey carried out in a district of Istanbul were used to analyze the exclusion towards refugees in Turkey. A face-to-face survey was randomly conducted with 200 settled refugees in Sultanbeyli district of Istanbul, and their perceptions towards Syrian people under temporary protection were evaluated. According to the results, the level of acceptance for Syrians living in this district seems relatively high. The fact that Turkish people living in the same district feel close to Syrian refugees culturally and religiously affect their perception in a positive way: however, it is strikingly seen and understood that local residents cop an attitude on the refugees’ becoming Turkish citizens.

Magnetic Properties of xCeO2•(50 − x) PbO•50B2O3 Glasses and Glass Ceramics

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4486-4494 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.El Damrawi ◽  
F. Gharghar
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Effective Agent ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Essential Change

Cerium oxide in borate glasses of composition xCeO2·(50 − x)PbO·50B2O3 plays an important role in changing both microstructure and magnetic behaviors of the system. The structural role of CeO2 as an effective agent for cluster and crystal formation in borate network is clearly evidenced by XRD technique. Both structure and size of well-formed cerium separated clusters have an effective influence on the structural properties. The cluster aggregations are documented to be found in different range ordered structures, intermediate and long range orders are the most structures in which cerium phases are involved. The nano-sized crystallized cerium species in lead borate phase are evidenced to have magnetic behavior.  The criteria of building new specific borate phase enriched with cerium as ferrimagnetism has been found to keep the magnetization in large scale even at extremely high temperature. Treating the glass thermally or exposing it to an effective dose of ionized radiation is evidenced to have an essential change in magnetic properties. Thermal heat treatment for some of investigated materials is observed to play dual roles in the glass matrix. It can not only enhance alignment processes of the magnetic moment but also increases the capacity of the crystallite species in the magnetic phases. On the other hand, reverse processes are remarked under the effect of irradiation. The magnetization was found to be lowered, since several types of the trap centers which are regarded as defective states can be produced by effect of ionized radiation. 

European experience in transition to circular economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Ratner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
European Experience ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Eu

Subject. The article considers the concept of circular economy, which has originated relatively recently in the academic literature, and is now increasingly recognized in many countries at the national level. In the European Union, the transition to circular economy is viewed as an opportunity to improve competitiveness of the European Union, protect businesses from resource shortages and fluctuating prices for raw materials and supplies, and a way to increase employment and innovation. Objectives. The aim of the study is to analyze the incentives developed by the European Commission for moving to circular economy, and to assess their effectiveness on the basis of statistical analysis. Methods. I employ general scientific methods of research. Results. The analysis of the EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy enabled to conclude that the results of the recent research in circular economy barriers, eco-innovation, technology and infrastructure were successfully integrated into the framework of this document. Understanding the root causes holding back the circular economy development and the balanced combination of economic and administrative incentives strengthened the Action Plan, and it contributed to the circular economy development in the EU. Conclusions. The measures to stimulate the development of the circular economy proposed in the European Action Plan can be viewed as a prototype for designing similar strategies in other countries, including Russia. Meanwhile, a more detailed analysis of barriers to the circular economy at the level of individual countries and regions is needed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document