scholarly journals Protective Effect of Processed Polygoni multiflori Radix and Its Major Substance during Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Ji-Hyun Kim ◽  
Ji Hyun Kim ◽  
Mei Tong He ◽  
Su Cheol Kim ◽  
Kyung Pan Hwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Neural Apoptosis ◽  
Ad Prevention ◽  
Behavioural Tests

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cognitive disorder in the elderly population. However, effective pharmacological agents targeting AD have not been developed. The processed Polygoni multiflori Radix (PPM) and its main active substance, 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside (TSG), has received considerable attention, majorly due to its neuroprotective activities against multiple biological activities within the human body. In this study, we provide new evidence on the therapeutic effect of PPM and TSG during cognitive impairment by evaluating the ameliorative potential of PPM and TSG in scopolamine-induced amnesia in ICR mice. PPM (100 or 200 mg/kg) was orally administered during the experimental period (days 1–15), and scopolamine was intraperitoneally injected to induce cognitive deficits during the behavioural test periods (days 8–15). The administration of PPM and TSG significantly improved memory loss and cognitive dysfunction in behavioural tests and regulated the cholinergic function, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neural apoptosis. The present study suggests that PPM and TSG improved scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction, but further study has to be supported for the clinical application of PPM and TSG for AD prevention and treatment.

Characterization of DNA hydroxymethylation in hypothalamus of elderly mice with postoperative cognitive dysfunction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Zhong ◽  
Xu Wei
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Amygdaloid Nucleus ◽  
Dna Hydroxymethylation ◽  
And Control ◽  
With Memory

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common syndrome with perioperative cerebral damage in elderly patients, displaying cognitive impairment and memory loss. Current studies revealed that anesthesia is one of the important causes for POCD occurrence. Recently, Ubiquitin-like with PHD and Ring Figner Domains 2 (Uhrf2) has been reported to play a crucial role in regulating DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, which are closely connected with memory building and erasure. However, whether narcotic drugs can affect Uhrf2 to impact on DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in POCD is poorly understood. In this study, we established the elderly POCD mouse model through treatment with sevoflurane, and observed the global DNA hydroxymethylated cytosine (5hmC) distribution alteration in hippocampus, amygdaloid nucleus and cerebellum compared to non-POCD and control. Furthermore, we also found that the expression of Uhrf2 was coincident with 5hmC change in different regions of brain. Finally, we observed that the 5hmC enrichment on the promoters of some important genes for neural protection and development, such as GDNF, BDNF, GCR, ACSS2 were down-regulated upon POCD. Taken together, we determine that anesthetic may result in the loss of global 5hmC through Uhrf2 suppression in brain and thereby impair the learning and memory ability for POCD occurrence.

scholarly journals Isovitexin modulates autophagy in Alzheimer’s disease via miR-107 signalling

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 391-401
Author(s):  
Jiang Cheng ◽  
Guowei Wang ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
Fang Li ◽  
Lina Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Autophagic Process ◽  
Molecular Signals ◽  
Ad Mouse Model ◽  
Mtor Signalling

AbstractBackground:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an ultimately fatal, degenerative brain disease in the elderly people. In the current work, we assessed the defensive capability of isovitexin (IVX) through an intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced AD mouse model.Methods:Mice were separated into four cohorts: sham-operated control mice; STZ-intoxicated Alzheimer’s mice; IVX cohort, IVX + STZ; and Ant-107 cohort, antagomiR-107 + IVX/STZ as in the IVX cohort.Results:The outcomes indicated that IVX administration ameliorated spatial memory loss and blunted a cascade of neuro-noxious episodes – including increased amyloid-beta (Aβ) and degraded myelin basic protein burden, neuroinflammation (represented by elevated caspase-1, TNF-α and IL-6 levels) and autophagic dysfunction (represented by altered LC3-II, Atg7 and beclin-1 expressions) – via the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling axis. We considered the question of whether the epigenetic role of microRNA-107 (miR-107) has any impact on these events, by using antagomiR-107.Conclusion:This probing underscored that miR-107 could be a pivotal regulatory button in the activation of molecular signals linked with the beneficial autophagic process and anti-inflammatory activities in relation to IVX treatment. Hence, this report exemplifies that IVX could guard against Aβ toxicity and serve as an effectual treatment for patients afflicted with AD.

A Guttman Scale to Assess Memory Loss Among the Elderly

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (3 Part 1) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Markson ◽  
G. Levitz
Keyword(s):  
Memory Loss ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Guttman Scale

scholarly journals Worries about memory loss and knowledge on Alzheimer's disease in community-dwelling elderly from Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Niures P.S. Matioli ◽  
Arnaldo Etzel ◽  
João A.G.G. Prats ◽  
Wares F. de O. Medeiros ◽  
Taiguara R. Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Memory Screening

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Efforts to determine risk factors for the development of AD are important for risk stratification and early diagnosis. Furthermore, there are no standardized practices for memory screening. Lack of knowledge on AD, perception of memory loss as part of normal aging, and poor socioeconomic conditions may also be implicated in the current situation of dementia. Objective: To evaluate knowledge of AD in a literate population of elders and correlate these findings with sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: A descriptive survey design study enrolled 994 volunteers from September 2007 to May 2008 in the city of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil, to answer a brief questionnaire consisting of 8 simple questions about knowledge of AD and worries about memory loss. Results: Greater knowledge about AD was associated with eight or more years of education, female gender and age between 60 and 70 years. Also, 52.8% of responders (95% CI - 49.5-56.0%) answered that memory loss is part of normal aging and 77.5% (95% CI - 74.7-80.1%) had never sought a doctor to evaluate their memories. Conclusion: Our study results reinforced that the first line of preventing late diagnosis of dementia is to act in health promotion, especially by targeting subjects older than 70 years of male gender and with lower educational level. It also provided evidence that strategies to promote physician initiative in treating memory problems are also paramount.

scholarly journals Clinical Effects and Characteristics of Color, Number, and Word Content Elements in Computerized Training Programs for the Prevention of Cognitive Decline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehoon Jeong ◽  
Sungmin Kim ◽  
Nahyeon Kim ◽  
Yoonjoo Lee ◽  
Daechang Kim
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Training System ◽  
Brain Disease ◽  
Training Effect ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
And Training

Abstract Background: The biggest problem in an aging society is the development of degenerative brain disease in the elderly. Neurodegenerative brain disease can cause cognitive dysfunction and rapidly increase the prevalence of dementia and Parkinson's disease, posing a huge economic and social burden on the elderly. A computerized cognitive rehabilitation training system has been developed to prevent and train cognitive dysfunction, showing various clinical effects. However, few studies have analyzed components of contents such as memory and concentration training. In this study, the clinical effects and characteristics of the color, number and words elements were analyzed by subdividing the memory and concentration contents into elements, difficulty, and training methods.Methods: Using a total of eight contents developed based on neuropsychology, 24 normal subjects with an average age of 60.58 ± 3.96 years were conducted 3 times a week, and training was received for 30 to 45 minutes per session. To determine the training effect, MMSE-K, an evaluation tool most closely related to cognitive therapy, was used. The number of errors and problem solving time used in the analysis were dataized by measuring the number of incorrect answers selected by the subject and the time spent solving the problem, respectively. Using t-test, the significance of different between before and after training was determined. Correlation between the number of errors and problem-solving time by week was determined using a trend line. All experimental procedures and evaluations were conducted after obtaining IRB approval from Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital (DUIH2020-07-001).Results: The subjects' MMSE-K scores were 27.88 ± 1.70 points before intervention to 28.63 ± 1.69 points after three weeks of intervention. In each subdivided component, color element showed an effect of improving complex difficulty, number element had the most effective training effect, and word element had a predictive effect on cognitive decline. Conclusions: A detailed analysis results of the components used in a computerized cognitive rehabilitation training system will help develop degenerative brain disease contents to be developed later, and is expected to contribute to a prevention-oriented medical paradigm

EFFECTS OF A MEMORY AND AGING WORKSHOP ON NEGATIVE BELIEFS OF MEMORY LOSS IN THE ELDERLY

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn L. Turner ◽  
Rebecca S. Pinkston
Keyword(s):  
Memory Loss ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Negative Beliefs

Goose Bumps and Memory Loss

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-97
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Britton ◽  
Bhavya Narapureddy ◽  
Divyanshu Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Mycophenolate Mofetil ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Oral Prednisone ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Autoimmune Epilepsy ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
Interictal Discharges

A 46-year-old man had an episode of loss of awareness while driving home. He was found in a cul de sac by his neighbor and was acting confused. He was brought to the emergency department; while there, he started having recurrent episodes of goose bumps (goose flesh) involving half of his body associated with a “wavelike” sensation that would typically begin in the lower extremities and spread upward. He also had some speech difficulty. Physical and neurologic examinations were unremarkable, except for mild cognitive deficits. Video electroencephalographic monitoring showed frequent independent left and right temporal ictal and interictal discharges. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity in the bilateral hippocampi. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed a mildly increased total protein concentration but no supernumerary oligoclonal bands and normal nucleated cell count and immunoglobulin G index. Serum autoimmune epilepsy evaluation was remarkable for leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated protein 1-immunoglobulin G seropositivity. The patient was diagnosed with leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated protein 1- immunoglobulin G antibody–associated autoimmune seizures presenting with pilomotor seizures. Before autoimmune work-up, the patient had been treated with a gradual escalation of antiseizure medications. The seizures continued. He was subsequently started on intravenous methylprednisolone. He was seizure free and was transitioned to an oral prednisone taper. He was subsequently started on a 6-week regimen of intravenous immunoglobulin. He was also started on mycophenolate mofetil. On follow-up clinic visits, the patient had no recurrence of seizures and disclosed no cognitive dysfunction except for mild inattention. Three years after the patient’s initial episode, the antiseizure medications and mycophenolate mofetil were gradually tapered, without recurrence. Leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated protein 1-immunoglobulin G–associated autoimmunity is typically seen among older patients (>50 years), more commonly men. Symptoms commonly include seizures and cognitive dysfunction, presenting as memory loss and disorientation.

scholarly journals Cognitive Dysfunction among the Elderly Evaluated by the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI).

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko Yamada ◽  
Yasuyo Mimori ◽  
Hideo Sasaki ◽  
Junko Ikeda ◽  
Shigenobu Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Screening Instrument
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