scholarly journals High Temperature Adsorption of SO2 on Mixed Oxides Derived from CaAl Hydrotalcite-Like Compounds

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Hailin Wang ◽  
Run Hao ◽  
Meiping Gao ◽  
Zhongshen Zhang ◽  
Zhengping Hao
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
So2 Adsorption ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Calcination Method ◽  
A Minor

SO2 which is usually emitted at high temperature is one of the most important air pollutants. It is of great significance to develop high temperature SO2 adsorbent with high efficiency and low cost. In this work, a series of hydrotalcite-like compound-derived CaAlO and CaXAlO(X = Ce, Co) were prepared by coprecipitation and calcination method, and were employed as adsorbents for SO2 adsorption at high temperature (700 °C). The structure and surface properties of these adsorbents were characterized by XRD, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) and CO2-TPD (temperature programmed desorption) measurement. Addition of a minor amount of Ce, Co (5 wt%) could significantly increase the number of weak alkalinity sites. CaO in CaCeAlO showed the best SO2 adsorption capacity of 1.34 g/g, which is two times higher than that of CaO in CaAlO (0.58 g/g).

scholarly journals Low-Temperature Processed TiOx Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1676
Author(s):  
Md. Shahiduzzaman ◽  
Daiki Kuwahara ◽  
Masahiro Nakano ◽  
Makoto Karakawa ◽  
Kohshin Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
Photovoltaic Properties

The most frequently used n-type electron transport layer (ETL) in high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is based on titanium oxide (TiO2) films, involving a high-temperature sintering (>450 °C) process. In this work, a dense, uniform, and pinhole-free compact titanium dioxide (TiOx) film was prepared via a facile chemical bath deposition process at a low temperature (80 °C), and was applied as a high-quality ETL for efficient planar PSCs. We tested and compared as-deposited substrates sintered at low temperatures (< 150 °C) and high temperatures (> 450 °C), as well as their corresponding photovoltaic properties. PSCs with a high-temperature treated TiO2 compact layer (CL) exhibited power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) as high as 15.50%, which was close to those of PSCs with low-temperature treated TiOx (14.51%). This indicates that low-temperature treated TiOx can be a potential ETL candidate for planar PSCs. In summary, this work reports on the fabrication of low-temperature processed PSCs, and can be of interest for the design and fabrication of future low-cost and flexible solar modules.

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Studies of Polycrystalline Thin-Film Cdte/Cds Solar Cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-305
Author(s):  
S.E. Asher
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis Technique ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion

Polycrystalline thin films of CdTe deposited on CdS are one of the most promising materials systems currently being investigated for the fabrication of low cost, large area, high efficiency photovoltaic devices. However, many of the deposition processes being used to fabricate these thin film materials have not yet been well characterized. It has been found that a post-fabrication heat-treatment is necessary to improve the quantum efficiency of these devices. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was used to study the interdiffusion of S and Te in CdTe/CdS structures grown by two different methods. The depth profiles revealed significant differences in the sputtering behavior depending on the film morphology.Two sets of CdTe/CdS samples were studied. The first set of films was deposited at high temperature using a spray pyrolysis technique with no post deposition anneal. The second set of films was electroplated, followed by treatment with CdCl2 and a high temperature anneal.

scholarly journals Deployment recommendation for Distributed Acoustic Sensing at the surface

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Edme ◽  
Patrick Paitz ◽  
Ana Nap ◽  
Francois Martin ◽  
Valentin Metraux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Reservoir Characterization ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Acoustic Sensing ◽  
Reflection Seismic ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Distributed Acoustic Sensing ◽  
A Minor

&lt;p&gt;Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is an optical interferometry based ground motion sensing technology which has the potential to revolutionize the field of seismological data acquisition. It offers the possibility to replace very large numbers of cost-intensive conventional point sensors (seismometers or geophones) by interrogating a single low-cost optic-fibre cable. Being unaffected by spatial aliasing, DAS is emerging as a potential next-generation broad-band geo-hazard (e.g. earthquakes, landslides) and reservoir (e.g. geothermal, oil and gas) seismic monitoring tool.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For borehole applications, with the cable appropriately coupled with the casing, the reliability and benefit of DAS-based VSP acquisition is now widely recognized. At the surface however, for reflection seismic for example, the adequate deployment procedure is less well documented, and experiments are performed with cables sometimes directly deployed on the surface, or sometimes buried quite deep (e.g. one meter) in the ground. Especially for non-permanent monitoring, the trenching effort can be substantial or unaffordable due to logistic or permitting issues. One may wonder if such an effort with its associated cost is actually beneficial.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We present here the results of a surface-based active seismic experiment conducted in Switzerland in the context of a geothermal reservoir characterization project with &amp;#8220;co-located&amp;#8221; stretches of cable deployed at different depths. The repeatability of the DAS measurements is quantified and compared to a dense array of conventional multi-component geophones. The study shows that deeply (50 cm) deployed cables offers only marginal data quality improvements compared to very shallow (2 cm) cables. In contrast, the parts of the cable directly laid down at the surface exhibit much larger noise levels and very poor repeatability (approximately one order of magnitude larger NRMS). Our study suggests that only a minor amount of elastic material covering the cable is enough to provide a good coupling and that a modest machine to conveniently perform such a shallow deployment would greatly benefit the growing DAS user community.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Cost-Effective 1T-MoS2 Grown on Graphite Cathode Materials for High-Temperature Rechargeable Aluminum Ion Batteries and Hydrogen Evolution in Water Splitting

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1547
Author(s):  
Shivaraj Patil ◽  
Ji-Yao An ◽  
Zhi-Jie Li ◽  
Yu-Cheng Wu ◽  
Swathi M. Gowdru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
Molybdenum Sulfide ◽  
Aluminum Ion ◽  
Alternative Materials

The high dependence on and high cost of lithium has led to a search for alternative materials. Aluminum ion batteries (AIBs) have gained interest due to their abundance, low cost, and high capacity. However, the use of the expensive 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC) electrolyte in AIBs curtails its wide application. Recently, high-temperature batteries have also gained much attention owing to their high demand by industries. Herein, we introduce cost-effective 1T molybdenum sulfide grown on SP-1 graphite powder (1T-MoS2/SP-1) as a cathode material for high-temperature AIBs using the AlCl3-urea eutectic electrolyte (1T-MoS2/SP-1–urea system). The AIB using the 1T-MoS2/SP-1–urea system exhibited a capacity as high as 200 mAh/g with high efficiency of 99% over 100 cycles at 60 °C when cycled at the rate of 100 mA/g. However, the AIB displayed a capacity of 105 mAh/g when cycled at room temperature. The enhanced performance of the 1T-MoS2/SP-1–urea system is attributed to reduced viscosity of the AlCl3-urea eutectic electrolyte at higher temperatures with high compatibility of 1T-MoS2 with SP-1. Moreover, the electrocatalytic lithiation of 1T-MoS2 and its effect on the hydrogen evolution reaction were also investigated. We believe that our work can act as a beacon for finding alternative, cost-effective, and high-temperature batteries.

Strengthening and Ductilization of D03-Type Fe3Al Intermetallic Alloys by Dispersion of Laves Phases Fe2Zr and Fe2Nb

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Matsumoto ◽  
Yasuyuki Kaneno ◽  
Takayuki Takasugi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Tensile Elongation ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Intermetallic Alloys ◽  
High Tensile Strength ◽  
Laves Phases ◽  
A Minor

Zr and/or Nb added Fe3Al based intermetallic alloys (i.e., Fe3Al-Zr, Fe3Al-Nb and Fe3Al-Zr-Nb) were arc-melted, homogenized, hot-rolled and then annealed to evaluate microstructure and tensile property at room temperature as well as at a high temperature (873K). After annealing, the rolled alloys exhibited a recrystallized microstructure containing coarse second phase particles, except for the Nb-added alloy with a minor content of Nb. Relatively high tensile elongation as well as high tensile strength was observed at room temperature in the Zr-added alloys with a minor amount of Zr. Also, these alloys showed relatively high tensile strength and elongation at high temperature (873K). The results suggest that tensile ductility as well as strength of Fe3Al-based alloys can be improved by introduction of the second phase dispersions.

scholarly journals Highly-Ordered PdIn Intermetallic Nanostructures Obtained from Heterobimetallic Acetate Complex: Formation and Catalytic Properties in Diphenylacetylene Hydrogenation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Mashkovsky ◽  
Pavel Markov ◽  
Galina Bragina ◽  
Galina Baeva ◽  
Alexander Rassolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Phase ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Acetate Complex ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Alkene Hydrogenation ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Α Al2o3 ◽  
A Minor

Formation of PdIn intermetallic nanoparticles supported on α-Al2O3 was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and hydrogen temperature-programmed desorption (H2-TPD) methods. The metals were loaded as heterobimetallic Pd(μ-O2CMe)4In(O2CMe) complex to ensure intimate contact between Pd and In. Reduction in H2 at 200 °C resulted in Pd-rich PdIn alloy as evidenced by XRD and the disappearance of Pd hydride. A minor amount of Pd1In1 intermetallic phase appeared after reduction at 200 °C and its formation was accomplished at 400 °C. Neither monometallic Pd or in nor other intermetallic structures were found after reduction at 400–600 °C. Catalytic performance of Pd1In1/α-Al2O3 was studied in the selective liquid-phase diphenylacetylene (DPA) hydrogenation. It was found that the reaction rate of undesired alkene hydrogenation is strongly reduced on Pd1In1 nanoparticles enabling effective kinetic control of the hydrogenation, and the catalyst demonstrated excellent selectivity to alkene.

Investigation on Tool Wear about High Efficient Axial Turning-Grinding of Engineering Ceramics

2012 ◽  
Vol 426 ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.L. Tian ◽  
Fang Guo ◽  
Ya Tao Mao ◽  
B.G. Zhang ◽  
Jian Quan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Engineering Ceramics ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
High Speed Rotation ◽  
Cylindrical Workpiece ◽  
A Minor

Axial turning-grinding is a processing method to cut cylindrical workpiece or inner surface of hole along its axis, using the kinetic energy of high-speed rotation annularity tool, the abrasives in tool tip as the main cutting edge to remove materials and the abrasives in the outside surface of tool as a minor cutting edge to sharpen the processed surface. And the cutting thickness and feed rate could be more than 5~10mm and 200mm/min respectively in a cutting, realizing high-efficiency, low-cost processing of engineering ceramics. Using the method, the ceramic sleeve of delivery valve precision coupling components in the engine is processed with high efficiency, and tool wear was researched with single factor test. The result indicated that the ratio of spindle speed and workpiece speed should be within a certain range in order to minimize tool wear, and tool wear increases with the increase of cutting depth, but not a linear relation.

Design and Analysis of a High Temperature Particulate Hoist for Proposed Particle Heating Concentrator Solar Power Systems

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenzo K. D. Repole ◽  
Sheldon M. Jeter
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Particle Heating

The central receiver power tower (CRPT) with a particle heating receiver (PHR) is a form of concentrating solar power (CSP) system with strong potential to achieve high efficiency at low cost and to readily incorporate cost-effective thermal energy storage (TES). In such a system, particulates are released into the PHR, and are heated to high temperature by concentrated solar radiation from the associated heliostat field. After being heated, the particles will then typically flow into the hot bin of the TES. Particulates accumulated in the hot bin can flow through a heat exchanger to energize a power generation system or be held in the hot TES storage bin for later use such as meeting a late afternoon peak demand or even overnight generation. Particles leaving the heat exchanger are held in the low temperature bin of the TES. A critical component in such a PHR system is the particle lift system, which must transport the particulate from the lower temperature TES bin back to the PHR. In our baseline 60 MW-thermal (MW-th) design, the particulate must be lifted around 70 m at the rate of 128 kg/s. For the eventual commercial scale system of a 460 MW-th design the particulate must be lifted around 138 m at the rate of 978 kg/s. The obvious demands on this subsystem require the selection and specification of a highly efficient, economical, and reliable lift design. After an apparently exhaustive search of feasible alternatives, the skip hoist was selected as the most suitable general design concept. While other designs have not been dismissed, our currently preferred somewhat more specific preliminary design employs a Kimberly Skip (KS) in a two-skip counterbalanced configuration. This design appears to be feasible to fabricate and integrate with existing technology at an acceptably low cost per MW-th and to promise high overall energy use efficiency, long service life, and low maintenance cost. A cost and performance model has been developed to allow optimization of our design and the results of that study are also presented. Our developed design meets the relevant criteria to promote cost effective CSP electricity production.

scholarly journals Phase Composition of Ni/Mg1−xNixO as a Catalyst Prepared for Selective Methanation of CO in H2-Rich Gas

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Zhang ◽  
Hongwei Ma ◽  
Zhiming Gao
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Co Conversion ◽  
Method Effects ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Supported Ni

Supported Ni catalysts Ni/Mg1−xNixO were prepared by reducing samples NiO-MgO in H2/N2mixture gas at 500°C~800°C for selective methanation of CO in H2-rich gas (CO-SMET). The samples NiO-MgO were obtained by heating water slurry of MgO and Ni(NO3)2in a rotary evaporator at 80°C and a final calcination in air at 400°C~800°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR) measurements demonstrate that the samples NiO-MgO were composed of solid solution Mg1−yNiyO as the main phase and a minor amount of NiO at calcination temperature of 400°C, and amount of the NiO was decreased as calcination temperature increased. Phase composition of the catalysts Ni/Mg1−xNixO was estimated by the Rietveld method. Effects of reduction temperature, feed Ni/Mg ratio, and calcination temperature on phase composition and catalytic activity of the catalysts were investigated. It is clear that CO conversion was generally enhanced by an increased amount of metallic Ni of the catalysts.

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