scholarly journals Blended Sewage Sludge–Palm Kernel Expeller to Enhance the Palatability of Black Soldier Fly Larvae for Biodiesel Production

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Ratchaprapa Raksasat ◽  
Kunlanan Kiatkittipong ◽  
Worapon Kiatkittipong ◽  
Chung Yiin Wong ◽  
Man Kee Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Lipid Yield ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
Fame Profile

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have been employed for valorizing organic waste materials as the larvae are able to consume organic waste and transform it into valuable larval biomass. In this study, BSFL were found to potentially reduce blended sewage sludge. The addition of palm kernel expeller (PKE) fortified the protein and lipid content in blended sewage sludge substrates, leading to larval growth enhancement. In addition, the larval weight also influenced the lipid yield and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile. However, the optimum ratio of sewage sludge to PKE had to be determined as excess PKE content could become a threat to larval growth by contributing to the reduction of non-fiber carbohydrates content in the feed, thereby resulting in the decrease in lipid yield and FAME content. In this work, a sewage sludge to PKE ratio of 2:3 proffered the highest larval weight gained at 46.99 ± 2.09 mg/larva. Meanwhile, a proportion of 3:2 of sewage sludge to PKE was able provide the highest lipid yield of 17 ± 1.77%. Furthermore, the FAME profile revealed the presence of a significant amount of saturated and monosaturated fatty acids, indicating a good quality biodiesel. Thus, BSFL-based biodiesel fed with blended sewage sludge and PKE could be utilized for producing a high quality biodiesel. However, further improvement on the amount of lipid yield and FAME content should be further investigated.

Using organic wastes as feed substrate for black soldier fly larvae

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
J.W. Msangi ◽  
C.K. Mweresa ◽  
M.F.O. Ndong’a
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Potato Peels ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae

Feeding black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) on locally available organic wastes has the potential of providing an alternative source of protein to fishmeal and soybean used in animal feed formulation. This can also mitigate against increasing accumulation of organic wastes and reduce high costs associated with their disposal. This study assessed the effects of three locally available organic waste substrates namely Irish potato peels, kale remains and bovine ruminal content versus chick mash as a positive control on larval weight gain, prepupal yield, substrate reduction rate, bioconversion rate and conversion ratio of BSFL. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine whether organic feed substrates had significant effects on BSFL while Tukey HSD, post-hoc test was applied for multiple comparisons and mean separation at P<0.05. Organic waste feed substrates influenced larval weight gain and prepupal yield (P<0.01), biomass reduction rate (P=0.04), bioconversion rate (P=0.01) and conversion ratio (P=0.04) of BSFL produced. Kale remains performed better than Irish potato peels and bovine ruminal contents implying that they can be enriched to provide an alternative feed for BSFL instead of chick mash. This study demonstrated that the three locally available organic waste substrates can be used to feed BSFL for sustainable production of animal feed. Black soldier fly larvae have the potential of providing a viable solution for degradation and disposal of ever-increasing quantities of organic wastes in the markets, towns and cities of sub-Saharan Africa.

Effects of black soldier fly larvae (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) on food waste and sewage sludge composting

2020 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 109967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Awasthi ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Awasthi ◽  
Yumin Duan ◽  
Zengqiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
Sludge Composting

scholarly journals Biological Treatment of Municipal Organic Waste using Black Soldier Fly Larvae

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Diener ◽  
Nandayure M. Studt Solano ◽  
Floria Roa Gutiérrez ◽  
Christian Zurbrügg ◽  
Klement Tockner
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae

scholarly journals Levels of protein and fat produced by black soldier fly (hementia illucens) larvae in the bioconversion of organic waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01041
Author(s):  
Heni Aristi ◽  
Era H. Mudji ◽  
Koesnoto Soepranianondo ◽  
Nenny Haridjani ◽  
Zelvy Aprilia
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Fly Larvae

Larvae are the longest phase in the life cycle of Black Soldier Fly (BSF), making them classified as bioconversion agents. This study aims to determine the protein and fat levels of Black Soldier Fly larvae that are fed with different organic wastes (cabbage, tomatoes, carrots and a mixture of all three). This study is an experimental study using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and six replications. The four treatments are P1 (6 kg mixed cabbage, tomato, and carrot waste), P2 (6 kg cabbage waste), P3 (6 kg tomato waste), and P4 (6 kg carrot waste). The research was conducted for 12 days using 5day-old larvae. Collected data were analyzed using a one-way Variance of Analysis (ANOVA) method. The results showed a significant difference (P <0.01) between mixed media, cabbage media, tomato media, and carrot media with the highest average protein content found in tomato media 11,4267. While the fat level test did not show a significant difference (P> 0.05) with the highest average fat content found in carrot media by 0.9533. The nutrition of Black Soldier Fly larvae is greatly influenced by the breeding media. Different nutrients will cause different nutrient content in the larvae.

scholarly journals System development for production of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) in small scale, using wild flies

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e20311124747
Author(s):  
Sandro Morais dos Santos ◽  
Paolo Lages Sequenzia ◽  
Elias Barbosa Rodrigues ◽  
Isabela Parolis Martins ◽  
Arlen Nicson Lopes Pena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae

Technological innovation in rural areas guarantees the maintenance and subsistence  of rural producers. Additionally, it is mandatory to use strategies aimed at reducing costs in animal production and reducing the environmental impact involved, making it challenging in the current global scenario. Thus, it is necessary to develop new alternative methods of production aimed at small scales, which can be implemented in small properties with reduced capital investment. In this sense, the objective was to describe the development of a system capable of inducing the production of black soldier fly larvae-BSFL (Hermetia illucens) through the attractiveness of egg laying of wild adults. To make the larvae production system, the following were needed: a plastic drum, with a capacity of 200 liters, 10 meters of 8mm silk rope, 1.5 m2 of wire mesh with 25mm x 20mm mesh, 1 m2 3mm x 2mm nylon mesh, plastic faucet for draining the slurry, one meter of 20mm diameter hose, two plastic containers with capacity of 20 liters for collecting the slurry and pre-pupae; besides equipment for cutting and finishing the drum. The System was supplied with organic plant material from daily household disposal, and other plant residues produced on the property. The development of this System can provide great social and economic viability, as it can be implemented in small rural properties for the treatment of organic waste. The mechanism presented good performance for the recycling of organic waste, and also for the production of BSFL, with satisfactory quantity collected daily.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus in Substrates for Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) and Its Dynamics during Rearing

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gorrens ◽  
N. Van Looveren ◽  
L. Van Moll ◽  
D. Vandeweyer ◽  
D. Lachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae

Given the increasing need for (more sustainable) methods to upcycle organic waste streams, the interest to rear insects, like black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), on such streams is increasing. This study reveals that S. aureus is abundantly present in such waste streams, which might be a point of attention for insect producers.

scholarly journals Effects of rearing system and microbial inoculation on black soldier fly larvae growth and microbiota when reared on agri-food by-products

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
M. Gold ◽  
T. Fowles ◽  
J.D. Fernandez-Bayo ◽  
L. Palma Miner ◽  
C. Zurbrügg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
System Design ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Substrate Reduction ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
By Products

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are widely used in recycling and upcycling of nutrients in agri-food by-products, but low and inconsistent BSFL rearing performance (i.e. larval growth, bioconversion rate, and substrate reduction) has been identified as a key challenge. The aims of this research were two-fold: (1) validate an existing closed rearing system design; and (2) assess whether a microbial inoculum derived from the rearing residue increases rearing performance. In controlled bench-scale experiments, BSFL were reared on tomato pomace (TP) and white wine pomace (WWP), along with food waste as control substrate. The two aims were assessed based on the following response variables: larval mass, substrate reduction, residue properties (i.e. pH, temperature, moisture content), and larval intestinal and residue microbiota. Higher BSFL mass (by 5.1 mg dry mass) at harvest on WWP and substrate reduction on TP (by 11.7% dry mass) in the closed system compared to the open system confirmed the potential of closed systems for rearing performance improvements of agri-food by-products. The rearing system also affected the residual moisture content and temperature, but only had a small effect on microbiota. Performance improvements by the closed rearing system design may be outweighed by insufficient aeration with pasty substrates and higher operational efforts for aeration and larval separation from the high-moisture residues. In contrast to the rearing system design, addition of the residue-derived microbial inoculum did not result in improved performance, nor did it alter intestinal and residue microbiota. Missing performance improvements could have been due to absent or low numbers of probiotic bacteria. The success of microbial substrate supplementation could be improved by studying effects of larval-associated microbes and developing cultivation methods that selectively amplify the beneficial (yet unknown) members of the microbial community. Our investigations aimed to increase the valorisation of low-value agri-food by-products in BSFL rearing.

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