scholarly journals Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Hydrothermally Pretreated Lignocellulosic Biomass (Norway Spruce (Picea abies))

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Nirmal Ghimire ◽  
Rune Bakke ◽  
Wenche Hennie Bergland
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Soluble Lignin ◽  
Different Levels

Hot water extraction (HWE) removes hemicellulose from woody biomass to give improved end products while producing a sugar-rich by-product stream, which requires proper treatment before disposal. Hot water extracted Norway spruce (Picea abies) at two different pretreatment conditions (140 °C for 300 min (H140) and 170 °C for 90 min (H170)) generated hydrolysate as a by-product, which was used in mesophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) as substrate. H140 gave a higher methane yield (210 NmL/g COD—chemical oxygen demand) than H170 (148 NmL/g COD) despite having a lower concentration of sugars, suggesting that different levels of inhibitors (furans and soluble lignin) and recalcitrant compounds (soluble lignin) affected the methane yield significantly. Organic loads (OLs) had a negative effect on the methane yield, as observed during AD of H170, while such an effect was not observed in the case of H140. This suggests that the decrease in methane yield (32%) of H170 compared to H140 is primarily due to inhibitors, while the decrease in methane yield (19%) of H140 compared to the synthetic hydrolysate is primarily due to recalcitrant substances. Therefore, both OL and pretreatment conditions must be considered for efficient anaerobic digestion from hydrolysate for enhanced methane production.

scholarly journals Thermophilic Methane Production from Hydrothermally Pretreated Norway Spruce (Picea abies)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4989
Author(s):  
Nirmal Ghimire ◽  
Rune Bakke ◽  
Wenche Hennie Bergland
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Pretreatment Severity ◽  
Hemicellulosic Sugars ◽  
Soluble Lignin

Norway spruce (Picea abies) is an industrially important softwood species available in northern Europe and can be used to produce bio-methane after proper pretreatment to overcome its recalcitrant complex structure. Hot water extraction (HWE) pretreatment at two different conditions (170 °C for 90 min (severity 4.02) and 140 °C for 300 min (severity 3.65)) was applied to extract hemicellulosic sugars from Norway spruce for thermophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) of the hydrolysate. The methane yield of hydrolysate prepared at the lower pretreatment severity was found to be 189 NmL/gCOD compared to 162 NmL/gCOD after the higher pretreatment severity suggesting higher pretreatment severity hampers the methane yield due to the presence of inhibitors formed due to sugars and lignin degradation and soluble lignin, extracted partially along with hemicellulosic sugars. Synthetic hydrolysates simulating real hydrolysates (H170syn and H140syn) had improved methane yield of 285 NmL/gCOD and 295 NmL/gCOD, respectively in the absence of both the inhibitors and soluble lignin. An effect of organic loadings (OLs) on the methane yield was observed with a negative correlation between OL and methane yield. The maximum methane yield was 290 NmL/gCOD for hydrolysate pretreated at 140 °C compared to 195 NmL/gCOD for hydrolyate pretreated at 170 °C, both at the lowest OL of 6 gCOD/L. Therefore, both pretreatment conditions and OL need to be considered for efficient methane production from extracted hydrolysate. Such substrates can be utilized in continuous flow industrial AD with well-adapted cultures with stable organic loading rates.

scholarly journals Comparison of the impacts of thermal pretreatment on waste activated sludge using aerobic and anaerobic digestion

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1772-1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyungjun (Brian) Jo ◽  
Wayne Parker ◽  
Peiman Kianmehr
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Thermal Pretreatment ◽  
Decay Products ◽  
Anaerobic Biodegradability ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Abstract A range of thermal pretreatment conditions were used to evaluate the impact of high pressure thermal hydrolysis on the biodegradability of waste activated sludge (WAS) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It was found that pretreatment did not increase the overall extent to which WAS could be aerobically biodegraded. Thermal pretreatment transformed the biodegradable fraction of WAS (XH) to readily biodegradable chemical oxygen demand (COD) (SB) (16.5–34.6%) and slowly biodegradable COD (XB) (45.8–63.6%). The impact of pretreatment temperature and duration on WAS COD fractionation did not follow a consistent pattern as changes in COD solubilization did not correspond to the observed generation of SB through pretreatment. The pretreated WAS (PWAS) COD fractionations determined from aerobic respirometry were employed in anaerobic modeling and it was concluded that the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of PWAS differed. It was found that thermal pretreatment resulted in as much as 50% of the endogenous decay products becoming biodegradable in anaerobic digestion. Overall, it was concluded that the COD fractionation that was developed based upon the aerobic respirometry was valid. However, it was necessary to implement a first-order decay process that reflected changes in the anaerobic biodegradability of the endogenous products through pretreatment.

scholarly journals Enhancement anaerobic digestion and methane production from kitchen waste by thermal and thermo-chemical pretreatments in batch  leach bed reactor with down flow

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radmard Seyed Abbas ◽  
Alizadeh Hossein Haji Agha ◽  
Seifi Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Gompertz Equation ◽  
Chemical Pretreatments ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions

The effects of thermal (autoclave and microwave irradiation (MW)) and thermo-chemical (autoclave and microwave irradiation – assisted NaOH 5N) pretreatments on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) solubilisation, biogas and methane production of anaerobic digestion kitchen waste (KW) were investigated in this study. The modified Gompertz equation was fitted to accurately assess and compare the biogas and methane production from KW under the different pretreatment conditions and to attain representative simulations and predictions. In present study, COD solubilisation was demonstrated as an effective effect of pretreatment. Thermo-chemical pretreatments could improve biogas and methane production yields from KW. A comprehensive evaluation indicated that the thermo-chemical pretreatments (microwave irradiation and autoclave- assisted NaOH 5N, respectively) provided the best conditions to increase biogas and methane production from KW. The most effective enhancement of biogas and methane production (68.37 and 36.92 l, respectively) was observed from MW pretreated KW along with NaOH 5N, with the shortest lag phase of 1.79  day, the max. rate of 2.38 l·day<sup>–1</sup> and ultimate biogas production of 69.8 l as the modified Gompertz equation predicted.

scholarly journals The alpha-cypermethrin coated net for protecting Norway spruce wood against bark beetles (Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Skrzecz ◽  
Wojciech Grodzki ◽  
Mieczysław Kosibowicz ◽  
Dorota Tumialis
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Thanasimus Formicarius ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract The study estimated the efficacy of a net coated with alpha-cypermethrin used to protect Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) H. Karst] wood against bark beetle infestations. The inside of the net was coated with 100 mg/m2 of alpha-cypermethrin. The studies carried out in 2010 and 2011 took place in southern Poland in the Beskid Żywiecki and Beskid Sądecki mountains in P. abies stands threatened by Ips typographus (Linnaeus, 1758). The research material consisted of wood logs taken off of 70–80-year-old P. abies trees. The logs were wrapped in the net in the early spring before spring swarming of bark beetles. The unwrapped logs were considered as the study controls. An evaluation of the treatments was performed after 2 months. The evaluation was based on the counting of bark beetles galleries found after removing the bark from the wrapped and unwrapped logs. There were no insect galleries on the wrapped logs. The net was a barrier, on which bark beetles died. About 10 dead I. typographus beetles were found on 0.01 m2 of the net surface. On the bark from the unwrapped-control logs there were 3,156 galleries/entrance holes of bark beetles, in total, of which 73% belonged to I. typographus, 13% to Pityogenes chalcographus (Linnaeus, 1761), and almost 10% to Xyloterus lineatus (Oliv.). These results indicated the high efficacy of the net coated with alpha-cypermethrin used for the protection of Norway spruce wood against the bark beetles. At the same time, the net was found to have a negative effect on non-target entomofauna, mainly Hylobius spp., Thanasimus formicarius (L.), and Tetropium castaneum (F.). However, the use of a net did not affect other predatory (Carabidae) and parasitic (Ichneumonidae and Tachinidae) entomofauna.

Anaerobic degradation of palm oil mill effluent with aluminum bauxite residue for methane production

2020 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2092312
Author(s):  
Anwar Ahmad ◽  
Salam S AlDawey ◽  
SS Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Bauxite Residue ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Experimental study of the anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME) was carried out in an anaerobic upflow sludge blanket reactor (UASBR) with bauxite residue. The production rate of methane 114 L/gCOD/d and CH4 concentration was 205 L gCOD/d at 8.5 g/L of bauxite residue in UASBR. The results showed that the highest methane yield was 37.5 L gCODadded/h; CO2 reduction 1.5 L gCODadded and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal reached 98.3% at 8.5 g/L of bauxite residue, respectively. The results the best by the modified kinetic model and Umax was 100 mg/L. The kinetic of methane production was also studied. The methane yield coefficient, YM, was 0.69 L CH4/gCODremoved. Anaerobic digestion of acetate was the dominant soluble metabolites in development and specific methanogenic activity results showed that high observed between stoichiometric and experimental higher methane production.

scholarly journals Synergistic Co-Digestion of Microalgae and Primary Sludge to Enhance Methane Yield from Temperature-Phased Anaerobic Digestion

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4547
Author(s):  
Mekdimu Mezemir Damtie ◽  
Jingyeong Shin ◽  
Hyun Min Jang ◽  
Young Mo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Biological Pretreatment ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Thermophilic Conditions ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Anaerobic Pretreatment

A two-stage temperature-phased mesophilic anaerobic digestion assay was carried out to study the interaction between various biological pretreatment conditions and the possible synergistic co-digestion of microalgae and primary sludge. The study of growth kinetics of the biochemical methane potential test revealed that a maximum of 36% increase in methane yield was observed from co-digestion of a substrate pretreated by thermophilic aerobic conditions (55 °C and HRT = 2 days) and an 8.3% increase was obtained from the anaerobic pretreated substrate (55 °C and HRT = 3 days). Moreover, no synergistic effects on methane yields were observed in co-digesting the substrate pretreated with high temperature (85 °C). The study also identified specific conditions in which interaction between biological pretreatment and co-digestion might substantially reduce methane yield. Careful optimization of operating conditions, both aerobic and anaerobic pretreatment at moderate thermophilic conditions, can be used as a biological pretreatment to enhance methane yield from the co-digestion of microalgae and primary sludge.

scholarly journals Anaerobic co-digestion of municipal wastewater sludge and restaurant grease

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengkai Liu ◽  
Ian D. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Negative Effect

Co-digestion has drawn much attention because of its potential to increase biogas production among other benefits. Restaurant grease has high energy content and methane production potential and so is a promising substrate for co-digestion with municipal wastewater sludge. Anaerobic co-digestion of municipal wastewater sludge and restaurant grease was investigated at laboratory-scale under mesophilic conditions (37 °C). Increasing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rate of the test digester by 387% (organic loading rate 4.235 kg VS/m3/d) relative to the control digester led to a 467% increase in daily biogas production, a 25.2% increase in methane yield (based on volatile solids (VS) destruction), a 29.8% increase in COD removal and a 27.2% increase in VS reduction. The biogas methane content ranged from 62.6 to 66.2% (v/v). No negative effect of the grease addition was observed in the test digester performance under the conditions investigated. The increases in biogas production and methane yield indicated enhanced digestion performance. In addition, partial alkalinity and pH proved to be good indicators of digester stability.

Impact of four years exposure to different levels of ozone, phosphorus and drought on chlorophyll, mineral nutrients, and stem volume of Norway spruce, Picea abies

2002 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Wallin ◽  
Per Erik Karlsson ◽  
Gun Selldén ◽  
Susanne Ottosson ◽  
Eva-Lena Medin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Different Levels
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