scholarly journals Impact of Altered Trehalose Metabolism on Physiological Response of Penicillium chrysogenum Chemostat Cultures during Industrially Relevant Rapid Feast/Famine Conditions

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Xinxin Wang ◽  
Jiachen Zhao ◽  
Jianye Xia ◽  
Guan Wang ◽  
Ju Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Penicillin Biosynthesis ◽  
Quantitative Metabolomics ◽  
Chemostat Cultures ◽  
Trehalose Metabolism ◽  
Extracellular Glucose ◽  
Metabolite Pool ◽  
Futile Cycles

Due to insufficient mass transfer and mixing issues, cells in the industrial-scale bioreactor are often forced to experience glucose feast/famine cycles, mostly resulting in reduced commercial metrics (titer, yield and productivity). Trehalose cycling has been confirmed as a double-edged sword in the Penicillium chrysogenum strain, which facilitates the maintenance of a metabolically balanced state, but it consumes extra amounts of the ATP responsible for the repeated breakdown and formation of trehalose molecules in response to extracellular glucose perturbations. This loss of ATP would be in competition with the high ATP-demanding penicillin biosynthesis. In this work, the role of trehalose metabolism was further explored under industrially relevant conditions by cultivating a high-yielding Penicillium chrysogenum strain, and the derived trehalose-null strains in the glucose-limited chemostat system where the glucose feast/famine condition was imposed. This dynamic feast/famine regime with a block-wise feed/no feed regime (36 s on, 324 s off) allows one to generate repetitive cycles of moderate changes in glucose availability. The results obtained using quantitative metabolomics and stoichiometric analysis revealed that the intact trehalose metabolism is vitally important for maintaining penicillin production capacity in the Penicillium chrysogenum strain under both steady state and dynamic conditions. Additionally, cells lacking such a key metabolic regulator would become more sensitive to industrially relevant conditions, and are more able to sustain metabolic rearrangements, which manifests in the shrinkage of the central metabolite pool size and the formation of ATP-consuming futile cycles.

scholarly journals Internet of Vehicles Empowered Mobile Media: Research on Mobile-Generated Content (MoGC) for Intelligent Connected Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3538
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Yu ◽  
Doudou Jin ◽  
Chao Zhai ◽  
Wan Ni ◽  
Desheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Connected Vehicles ◽  
New Production ◽  
Mobile Media ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
News Source ◽  
Media Environments ◽  
Content Generation

With the rapid growth of mobile media, large quantities of mobile content have been generated by moving entities. Some content generation patterns become popular for users and professional organizations, e.g., user-generated content, professionally-generated content, machine-generated content. However, due to the limitations of device types and functions, it is necessary to explore the new production tools and further inspire the content potential in mobile scenarios. According to the production capacity supported by Internet of Vehicles, intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs) emerge as new content generated devices in sustainable cities. In this paper, we propose the concept of Mobile-Generated Content (MoGC) as a new part of production patterns. First, we analyze the relationship between MoGC and existing patterns from the perspectives of entity and workflow. Second, the unique functionality and social property of MoGC are revealed, i.e., ICVs play the role of middle platform with data and technology offices. The current dominant discourse created by the professional institutions (e.g., media agency or governing authority) will transfer to the vehicle users. In this way, the content generation system has been further enriched in omni-media environments through efficiently integrating productivity tools and resources. Besides, MoGC not only contributes to social governance by enlarging the news source and coverage, but also strengthen the personal discourse in mobile scenarios.

Role of alternative and renewable energy sources in assurance of Azerbaijan’s energy security

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
G.S. Suleimanov ◽  
◽  
G.N. Safarova ◽  
A.I. Mirheydarova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
World Market ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Traditional Natural ◽  
Oil Gas

The paper studies the role of alternative and renewable energy sources (ARES) in the maintenance of Azerbaijan’s energy security. In the view of annual depletion of reserves capacity of such traditional natural resources as the oil, gas, coal, shale and the environmental disorder in their usage, as well as considering the fact of their implementation as the major pressure means serving to the geopolitical interests of the countries, due to the instability and variability of the fuel types prices in the world market, the necessity of surveying new alternative and renewable energy sources in the region is marked. It is pointed out that wide-scale recovery of alternative and renewable energy sources in Azerbaijan will lead to the involving of oil-gas raw into the petrochemical industry, to the decrease of degree of the harmful man-made effect on the environment in the process of energy production, as well as to the significant reduction of economic dependence on the various fuel types. The methods of increasing the production capacity of alternative energies in the strengthening of country’s energetic safety by the acceleration of implementation process of alternative and renewable energy sources were studied and the significance of the development of oil concept considered the essential of long-term maintenance of national energy safety marked as well.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF COOPERATION OF DOMESTIC BUSINESS WITH TNCS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Busarieva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Knowledge Resources ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
Qualitative State ◽  
Economic Ties

At the beginning of the XXI century it can be argued that the formation of Ukrainian corporations can become one of the strategic priorities of public policy, which, provided the appropriate external environment, will increase the competitiveness of the economy and through the exclusive capabilities of national corporations development of Ukrainian economic structures, internationalization of their production and capital, integration of Ukraine into the world economy, its participation in global transformation processes. Promoting the generation of knowledge resources in Ukraine is determined mainly by increasing the competitiveness of both individual regions and the state as a whole. At the same time, the region’s ability to produce knowledge, in particular scientific knowledge, implement it and use it effectively to achieve effective socio-economic development are now becoming the main factors ensuring positive dynamics of economic development of regions along with traditional sources – investment and human labor. And Ukraine is no exception, as in terms of analysis of the preconditions for the formation of the knowledge economy in Ukraine, it can be argued that the modern domestic economy is in a new qualitative state, which is associated with changing economic conditions due to introduction of new, high technology in production, expansion of information space, mobility of capital, increasing the role of creativity, creative work, increasing the role of theoretical knowledge. As a result, one of the primary challenges facing the companies of the independent sovereign state of Ukraine at the beginning of the transition period was to restore the supply chain and find new markets in order to use excess production capacity. The emergence and nature of the activities of corporations in the Ukrainian market are influenced primarily by the volume of the domestic market; adequate structure of “free” labor (the region has significant resources of both qualified personnel and cheap labor needed to organize mass production; traditionally close economic ties between the countries).

scholarly journals Glycogenolysis in Astrocytes Supports Blood-Borne Glucose Channeling Not Glycogen-Derived Lactate Shuttling to Neurons: Evidence from Mathematical Modeling

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1895-1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro DiNuzzo ◽  
Silvia Mangia ◽  
Bruno Maraviglia ◽  
Federico Giove
Keyword(s):  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Product Inhibition ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
Metabolic Requirement ◽  
Previous Modeling Study ◽  
Extracellular Glucose ◽  
Subcellular Domains ◽  
Glucose Phosphorylation ◽  
Flow Through

In this article, we examined theoretically the role of human cerebral glycogen in buffering the metabolic requirement of a 360-second brain stimulation, expanding our previous modeling study of neurometabolic coupling. We found that glycogen synthesis and degradation affects the relative amount of glucose taken up by neurons versus astrocytes. Under conditions of 175:115 mmol/L (∼1.5:1) neuronal versus astrocytic activation-induced Na+ influx ratio, ∼12% of astrocytic glycogen is mobilized. This results in the rapid increase of intracellular glucose-6-phosphate level on stimulation and nearly 40% mean decrease of glucose flow through hexokinase (HK) in astrocytes via product inhibition. The suppression of astrocytic glucose phosphorylation, in turn, favors the channeling of glucose from interstitium to nearby activated neurons, without a critical effect on the concurrent intercellular lactate trafficking. Under conditions of increased neuronal versus astrocytic activation-induced Na+ influx ratio to 190:65 mmol/L (∼3:1), glycogen is not significantly degraded and blood glucose is primarily taken up by neurons. These results support a role for astrocytic glycogen in preserving extracellular glucose for neuronal utilization, rather than providing lactate to neurons as is commonly accepted by the current ‘thinking paradigm’. This might be critical in subcellular domains during functional conditions associated with fast energetic demands.

Role of intracellular SOD in oxidant-induced injury to normal and copper-deficient cardiac myocytes

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (3) ◽  
pp. H1115-H1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sarvazyan ◽  
A. Askari ◽  
L. M. Klevay ◽  
A. Askari ◽  
W. H. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Myocytes ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Atp Content ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Chronic Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adult Cardiac Myocytes ◽  
Extracellular Glucose ◽  
Rat Cardiac Myocytes

Previous studies have shown that susceptibilities of hepatocytes and endothelial cells to H2O(2)-induced injury are altered by changes in the intracellular activity of Cu,Zn-containing superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD). To evaluate the role of intracellular CuZn-SOD in oxidant-induced injury to rat cardiac myocytes, cells with reduced CuZn-SOD activity but normal ATP content were either isolated from the hearts of adult copper-deficient rats or obtained by treatment of normal isolated adult myocytes with diethyldithiocarbamate. These myocytes and controls with normal CuZn-SOD activity were exposed to either reagent H2O2 or oxidants generated by extracellular glucose oxidase plus glucose or xanthine oxidase plus xanthine. It was shown that myocytes with CuZn-SOD activities reduced by 70-90% were equally susceptible to H2O2 and the two oxidant-generating systems as the control myocytes. The findings suggest that in adult cardiac myocytes, in contrast to the situation in some other cells, intracellular CuZn-SOD may not have a significant defensive role against acute H2O(2)-induced injury. The possibility remains, however, that changes in the activity of this enzyme, e.g., in copper deficiency, may be relevant to the ability of myocytes to cope with chronic oxidative stress resulting from imbalance between intracellular oxygen radical-generating and -scavenging systems.

scholarly journals Localization of the pathway of the penicillin biosynthesis in Penicillium chrysogenum.

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Müller ◽  
T. P. van der Krift ◽  
A. J. Krouwer ◽  
H. A. Wösten ◽  
L. H. van der Voort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Penicillin Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Gene Targeting in Penicillium chrysogenum: Disruption of the lys2 Gene Leads to Penicillin Overproduction

1999 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 1181-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Casqueiro ◽  
Santiago Gutiérrez ◽  
Oscar Bañuelos ◽  
Maria Jose Hijarrubia ◽  
Juan Francisco Martín
Keyword(s):  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Gene Replacement ◽  
Lysine Biosynthesis ◽  
Homologous Region ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Penicillin Biosynthesis ◽  
Single Crossing ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Acid Precursor

ABSTRACT Two strategies have been used for targeted integration at thelys2 locus of Penicillium chrysogenum. In the first strategy the disruption of lys2 was obtained by a single crossing over between the endogenous lys2 and a fragment of the same gene located in an integrative plasmid.lys2-disrupted mutants were obtained with 1.6% efficiency when the lys2 homologous region was 4.9 kb, but no homologous integration was observed with constructions containing a shorter homologous region. Similarly,lys2-disrupted mutants were obtained by a double crossing over (gene replacement) with an efficiency of 0.14% by using two lys2 homologous regions of 4.3 and 3.0 kb flanking thepyrG marker. No homologous recombination was observed when the selectable marker was flanked by short lys2 homologous DNA fragments. The disruption of lys2 was confirmed by Southern blot analysis of three different lysine auxotrophs obtained by a single crossing over or gene replacement. Thelys2-disrupted mutants lacked α-aminoadipate reductase activity (encoded by lys2) and showed specific penicillin yields double those of the parental nondisrupted strain, Wis 54-1255. The α-aminoadipic acid precursor is channelled to penicillin biosynthesis by blocking the lysine biosynthesis branch at the α-aminoadipate reductase level.

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