scholarly journals Advanced 3D Cell Culture Techniques in Micro-Bioreactors, Part I: A Systematic Analysis of the Literature Published between 2000 and 2020

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1656
Author(s):  
Christoph Grün ◽  
Brigitte Altmann ◽  
Eric Gottwald
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Cell Culture Techniques ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
3D Microenvironment

Bioreactors have proven useful for a vast amount of applications. Besides classical large-scale bioreactors and fermenters for prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, micro-bioreactors, as specialized bioreactor systems, have become an invaluable tool for mammalian 3D cell cultures. In this systematic review we analyze the literature in the field of eukaryotic 3D cell culture in micro-bioreactors within the last 20 years. For this, we define complexity levels with regard to the cellular 3D microenvironment concerning cell–matrix-contact, cell–cell-contact and the number of different cell types present at the same time. Moreover, we examine the data with regard to the micro-bioreactor design including mode of cell stimulation/nutrient supply and materials used for the micro-bioreactors, the corresponding 3D cell culture techniques and the related cellular microenvironment, the cell types and in vitro models used. As a data source we used the National Library of Medicine and analyzed the studies published from 2000 to 2020.

scholarly journals Microtissues in Cardiovascular Medicine: Regenerative Potential Based on a 3D Microenvironment

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Günter ◽  
Petra Wolint ◽  
Annina Bopp ◽  
Julia Steiger ◽  
Elena Cambria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Cell Culture Techniques ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
3D Microenvironment

More people die annually from cardiovascular diseases than from any other cause. In particular, patients who suffer from myocardial infarction may be affected by ongoing adverse remodeling processes of the heart that may ultimately lead to heart failure. The introduction of stem and progenitor cell-based applications has raised substantial hope for reversing these processes and inducing cardiac regeneration. However, current stem cell therapies using single-cell suspensions have failed to demonstrate long-lasting efficacy due to the overall low retention rate after cell delivery to the myocardium. To overcome this obstacle, the concept of 3D cell culture techniques has been proposed to enhance therapeutic efficacy and cell engraftment based on the simulation of an in vivo-like microenvironment. Of great interest is the use of so-called microtissues or spheroids, which have evolved from their traditional role as in vitro models to their novel role as therapeutic agents. This review will provide an overview of the therapeutic potential of microtissues by addressing primarily cardiovascular regeneration. It will accentuate their advantages compared to other regenerative approaches and summarize the methods for generating clinically applicable microtissues. In addition, this review will illustrate the unique properties of the microenvironment within microtissues that makes them a promising next-generation therapeutic approach.

Imitating Hypoxia and Tumor Microenvironment with Immune Evasion by Employing Three Dimensional in vitro Cellular Models: Impressive Tool in Drug Discovery

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Kumar Ray ◽  
Sukhes Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Culture Techniques ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Hypoxic Tumor

: The heterogeneous tumor microenvironment is exceptionally perplexing and not wholly comprehended. Different multifaceted alignments lead to the generation of oxygen destitute situations within the tumor niche that modulate numerous intrinsic tumor microenvironments. Disentangling these communications is vital for scheming practical therapeutic approaches that can successfully decrease tumor allied chemotherapy resistance by utilizing the innate capability of the immune system. Several research groups have concerned with a protruding role for oxygen metabolism along with hypoxia in the immunity of healthy tissue. Hypoxia in addition to hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in the tumor microenvironment plays an important part in tumor progression and endurance. Although numerous hypoxia-focused therapies have shown promising outcomes both in vitro and in vivo these outcomes have not effectively translated into clinical preliminaries. Distinctive cell culture techniques have utilized as an in vitro model for tumor niche along with tumor microenvironment and proficient in more precisely recreating tumor genomic profiles as well as envisaging therapeutic response. To study the dynamics of tumor immune evasion, three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures are more physiologically important to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Recent research has revealed new information and insights into our fundamental understanding of immune systems, as well as novel results that have been established as potential therapeutic targets. There are a lot of patented 3D cell culture techniques which will be highlighted in this review. At present notable 3D cell culture procedures in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, discourse open doors to accommodate both drug repurposing, advancement, and divulgence of new medications and will deliberate the 3D cell culture methods into standard prescription disclosure especially in the field of cancer biology which will be discussing here.

scholarly journals A Unique 3D In Vitro Cellular Invasion Assay

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1088-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela F. Quail ◽  
Tamara J. Maciel ◽  
Kem Rogers ◽  
Lynne M. Postovit
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Invasion Assay ◽  
Cell Culture Techniques ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Cellular Invasion

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture techniques using a bioreactor have been used to co-culture various breast cancer cell lines. Comparisons between 3D co-cultures containing different proportions of breast cancer cell lines have been made with respect to cluster size, cell surface marker distribution, and Ki67 expression. Furthermore, an observed difference in invasion through collagen between co-cultures has been briefly reported. However, these assays have not yet been developed into a quantifiable methodology to assess the effects of drugs and/or microenvironments on cellular invasion. From a cancer perspective, two important aspects of cellular invasion that are often left out of in vitro assays are considerations about the 3D structural heterogeneity of the primary tumor and the ability of cells to migrate in all directions. Accordingly, we have taken advantage of the methodology previously described for 3D cell culture techniques and have developed a 3D invasion assay using cell clusters that can be used to assess the effects of different drugs and treatment conditions on cancer cell invasion. We also describe a novel whole-mount technique that permits fluorescence-based immunolocalization of proteins through the entire tumorsphere, without the need for sectioning. Our assay provides a simple, inexpensive, and physiologically relevant context to study cellular invasion in vitro, in a way that recapitulates an in vivo milieu.

scholarly journals Identification of Novel FNIN2 and FNIN3 Fibronectin-Derived Peptides That Promote Cell Adhesion, Proliferation and Differentiation in Primary Cells and Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3042
Author(s):  
Eun Ju Lee ◽  
Khurshid Ahmad ◽  
Shiva Pathak ◽  
SunJu Lee ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Baig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Primary Cells ◽  
Cell Culture Techniques ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Promote Cell Adhesion

In recent years, a major rise in the demand for biotherapeutic drugs has centered on enhancing the quality and efficacy of cell culture and developing new cell culture techniques. Here, we report fibronectin (FN) derived, novel peptides fibronectin-based intergrin binding peptide (FNIN)2 (18-mer) and FNIN3 (20-mer) which promote cell adhesion proliferation, and the differentiation of primary cells and stem cells. FNIN2 and 3 were designed based on the in silico interaction studies between FN and its receptors (integrin α5β1, αvβ3, and αIIbβ3). Analysis of the proliferation of seventeen-cell types showed that the effects of FNINs depend on their concentration and the existence of expressed integrins. Significant rhodamine-labeled FNIN2 fluorescence on the membranes of HeLa, HepG2, A498, and Du145 cells confirmed physical binding. Double coating with FNIN2 or 3 after polymerized dopamine (pDa) or polymerized tannic acid (pTA) precoating increased HBEpIC cell proliferation by 30–40 percent, suggesting FNINs potently affect primary cells. Furthermore, the proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) treated with FNINs was significantly increased in 2D/3D culture. FNINs also promoted MSC differentiation into osteoblasts. The results of this study offer a new approach to the production of core materials (e.g., cell culture medium components, scaffolds) for cell culture.

scholarly journals Advanced 3D Cell Culture Techniques in Micro-Bioreactors, Part II: Systems and Applications

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Brigitte Altmann ◽  
Christoph Grün ◽  
Cordula Nies ◽  
Eric Gottwald
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Cell Culture Techniques ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Matrix Interactions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Interactions

In this second part of our systematic review on the research area of 3D cell culture in micro-bioreactors we give a detailed description of the published work with regard to the existing micro-bioreactor types and their applications, and highlight important results gathered with the respective systems. As an interesting detail, we found that micro-bioreactors have already been used in SARS-CoV research prior to the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. As our literature research revealed a variety of 3D cell culture configurations in the examined bioreactor systems, we defined in review part one “complexity levels” by means of the corresponding 3D cell culture techniques applied in the systems. The definition of the complexity is thereby based on the knowledge that the spatial distribution of cell-extracellular matrix interactions and the spatial distribution of homologous and heterologous cell–cell contacts play an important role in modulating cell functions. Because at least one of these parameters can be assigned to the 3D cell culture techniques discussed in the present review, we structured the studies according to the complexity levels applied in the MBR systems.

scholarly journals In Vitro Lung Models and Their Application to Study SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis and Disease

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 792
Author(s):  
Natalie Heinen ◽  
Mara Klöhn ◽  
Eike Steinmann ◽  
Stephanie Pfaender
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Cell Culture Techniques ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Cell Culture Systems ◽  
Drug Efficiency

SARS-CoV-2 has spread across the globe with an astonishing velocity and lethality that has put scientist and pharmaceutical companies worldwide on the spot to develop novel treatment options and reliable vaccination for billions of people. To combat its associated disease COVID-19 and potentially newly emerging coronaviruses, numerous pre-clinical cell culture techniques have progressively been used, which allow the study of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, basic replication mechanisms, and drug efficiency in the most authentic context. Hence, this review was designed to summarize and discuss currently used in vitro and ex vivo cell culture systems and will illustrate how these systems will help us to face the challenges imposed by the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

scholarly journals Vessel-on-a-chip models for studying microvascular physiology, transport, and function in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savannah R. Moses ◽  
Jonathan J. Adorno ◽  
Andre F. Palmer ◽  
Jonathan W. Song
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Cell Culture Techniques ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Microscale Flow ◽  
Flow Phenomena ◽  
Defined Culture ◽  
And Function

To understand how the microvasculature grows and remodels, researchers require reproducible systems that emulate the function of living tissue. Innovative contributions toward fulfilling this important need have been made by engineered microvessels assembled in vitro using microfabrication techniques. Microfabricated vessels, commonly referred to as "vessels on a chip," are from a class of cell culture technologies that uniquely integrate microscale flow phenomena, tissue-level biomolecular transport, cell-cell interactions, and proper 3-D extracellular matrix environments under well-defined culture conditions. Here, we discuss the enabling attributes of microfabricated vessels that make these models more physiological compared to established cell culture techniques, and the potential of these models for advancing microvascular research. This review highlights the key features of microvascular transport and physiology, critically discusses the strengths and limitations of different microfabrication strategies for studying the microvasculature, and provides a perspective on current challenges and future opportunities for vessel on a chip models.

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